/*
C programming idea: Handling temporary files like memory allocations (allocating -> creating empty file, using -> locking for R/W, freeing -> deleting).

50% AI, 50% human (the code is tested and reviewed)

Warning: The current result is quick and dirty. Not for educational or
production purposes.
Warning: The functions are not thread-safe.

GCC/Clang/TCC: Compile with -DTEST to set macro TEST as defined, with -DDEBUG
to enable debug mode

To-Do: Add thread-safe versions of functions (use postfix `_r`)
*/

#include <errno.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#if _POSIX_VERSION >= 200112L
# include <fcntl.h>
# include <unistd.h>
# define IS_POSIX 1
#else
# define IS_POSIX 0
#endif

#ifdef DEBUG
# define line_fail(x) do { \
	printf("failed on line %d\n", __LINE__ + x); \
} while (0)
#else
# define line_fail(x)
#endif

#define retreat(s) do { \
	perror(s); \
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \
} while (0)

#if IS_POSIX
typedef struct {
	int ID;
	char* file_path;
	int file;
} TempFile;
#else
typedef struct {
	int ID;
	char* file_path;
	FILE* file;
} TempFile;
#endif

TempFile* temp_files = NULL;
size_t num_temp_files = 0;

int tf_alloc(size_t n, size_t type_size);
int tf_free(int ID);
int tf_write(int ID, size_t offset, void* data, size_t data_size);
int tf_read(int ID, size_t offset, void* dest, size_t data_size);

int tf_alloc(size_t n, size_t type_size) {
	// Create an empty file
	size_t len_digit;
	if (num_temp_files == 0)
		len_digit = 1;
	else
		len_digit = (size_t) ceil(log((double) num_temp_files + 1.) / log(10.));
	size_t file_path_len = len_digit + strlen("tf_.tmp");
	char* file_path = malloc((file_path_len + 1) * sizeof(char));
	if (file_path == NULL) {
		line_fail(-2);
		return -1;
	}
	int res = snprintf(file_path, file_path_len + 1, "tf_%" PRIuMAX ".tmp",
		(uintmax_t) num_temp_files);
	if ((size_t) res != file_path_len) {
		line_fail(-2);
		return -1;
	}

#if IS_POSIX
	int file = open(file_path, O_RDWR | O_CREAT);
	if (file == -1) {
#else
	FILE* file = fopen(file_path, "w+b");
	if (file == NULL) {
#endif
		line_fail(-2);
		return -1;
	}

	// Allocate memory for the TempFile struct
	TempFile* temp_file = malloc(sizeof(TempFile));
	if (temp_file == NULL) {
		line_fail(-2);
		return -1;
	}

	// Assign the ID, file path, file handler
	temp_file->ID = num_temp_files;
	temp_file->file_path = strdup(file_path);
	temp_file->file = file;

	// Allocate/reallocate memory for the temp_files structure
	if (temp_files == NULL)
		temp_files = malloc(sizeof(TempFile));
	else
		temp_files = realloc(temp_files,
			(size_t) num_temp_files * sizeof(TempFile));
	if (temp_files == NULL) {
		line_fail(-2);
		return -1;
	}

	// Add the temp file to the array
	temp_files[num_temp_files++] = *temp_file;

	return temp_file->ID;
}

int tf_free(int ID) {
	size_t index = (size_t) ID;

#if IS_POSIX
	close(temp_files[index].file);
#else
	fclose(temp_files[index].file);
#endif

	// Delete the file
	if (remove(temp_files[index].file_path) != 0) {
		line_fail(-1);
		return -1;
	}

	free(temp_files[index].file_path);

	// Shift the remaining temp files in the array
	for (int i = index; i < num_temp_files - 1; i++)
		temp_files[(size_t) i] = temp_files[(size_t) i + 1];

	num_temp_files--;

	// Reallocate memory for the temp_files array
	temp_files = realloc(temp_files, num_temp_files * sizeof(TempFile));
	if (temp_files == NULL && num_temp_files > 0) {
		line_fail(-2);
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

int tf_write(int ID, size_t offset, void* data, size_t data_size) {
	size_t index = (size_t) ID;

#if IS_POSIX
	// Check file handler for -1
	int file = temp_files[index].file;
	if (file == -1)
#else
	// Check file handler for NULL
	FILE* file = temp_files[index].file;
	if (file == NULL)
#endif
		return -1;

	// Set the position
#if IS_POSIX
	if (lseek(file, offset, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
#else
	if (fseek(file, offset, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
#endif
		line_fail(-1);
		return -1;
	}

	// Write the data to the file
#if IS_POSIX
	ssize_t bytes_written = write(file, data, data_size);
#else
	size_t bytes_written = fwrite(data, 1, data_size, file);
#endif

	if (
#if IS_POSIX
		(size_t)
#endif
		bytes_written != data_size) {
		errno = EIO;
		return -1;
	}

#if IS_POSIX
	if (fsync(file) == -1) {
		line_fail(-1);
		return -1;
	}
#else
	fflush(file);
#endif

	return 0;
}

int tf_read(int ID, size_t offset, void* dest, size_t data_size) {
	size_t index = (size_t) ID;

#if IS_POSIX
	int file = temp_files[index].file;
	if (file == -1)
#else
	FILE* file = temp_files[index].file;
	if (file == NULL)
#endif
		return -1;

	// Read the data from the file
	void* data = malloc(data_size);
	if (data == NULL) {
#if IS_POSIX
		close(file);
#else
		fclose(file);
#endif
		line_fail(-7);
		return -1;
	}

	memset(data, 0, data_size); // clear destination
	// Set the position
#if IS_POSIX
	if (lseek(file, offset, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
#else
	if (fseek(file, offset, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
#endif
		line_fail(-1);
		return -1;
	}

	// read bytes
#if IS_POSIX
	ssize_t bytes_read = read(file, data, data_size);
#else
	size_t bytes_read = fread(data, 1, data_size, file);
#endif
	memcpy(dest, data, data_size);

	free(data); // Free the allocated memory

	if (
#if IS_POSIX
		(size_t)
#endif
		bytes_read != data_size) {
		errno = EIO;
		return -1;
	}

#ifdef DEBUG
	printf("Read: ID = %d, data = %016" PRIXPTR ", size = %zu -> '",
		ID, (uintptr_t)dest, data_size);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < data_size; i++)
		printf("0x%02" PRIX8 " ", *((uint8_t*)((uint8_t*)dest + i)));
	printf("'\n");
	fflush(stdout);
#endif
	return 0;
}

#ifdef TEST
int main(void) {
	int ID = tf_alloc(4, sizeof(int));
	if (ID == -1)
		retreat("tf_alloc");

	int test_data[4] = {123, 456, 789, -123};

	for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++)
		if (tf_write(ID, i * sizeof(int), &test_data[i], sizeof(int)) == -1)
			retreat("tf_write");

	// round-trip
	test_data[0] = 111;
	test_data[1] = 222;
	test_data[2] = 333;
	test_data[3] = 444;

	for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++)
		if (tf_read(ID, i * sizeof(int), &test_data[i], sizeof(int)) == -1)
			retreat("tf_read");

	printf("Values: %d %d %d %d\n",
		test_data[0], test_data[1], test_data[2], test_data[3]);

	tf_free(ID);

	return 0;
}
#endif