From ec480c49c271b502eb637a1cf38a88c4c22d1b3b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Eric Andersen Date: Fri, 2 Jun 2000 03:23:28 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] oops. Don't commit autogenerated stuff. -Erik --- docs/busybox.net/.cvsignore | 1 + docs/busybox.net/BusyBox.html | 2492 --------------------------------- 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 2492 deletions(-) create mode 100644 docs/busybox.net/.cvsignore delete mode 100644 docs/busybox.net/BusyBox.html diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/.cvsignore b/docs/busybox.net/.cvsignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000..88825af14 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/busybox.net/.cvsignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +BusyBox.html diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/BusyBox.html b/docs/busybox.net/BusyBox.html deleted file mode 100644 index 86c819198..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/BusyBox.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2492 +0,0 @@ - - -BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux - - - - - - - - - - -
-

-

NAME

-

-BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux - -

-

-

SYNTAX

-

-

 BusyBox <function> [arguments...]  # or
-
-

-

 <function> [arguments...]          # if symlinked
-
-

-

-

DESCRIPTION

-

-BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single -small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the -utilities you usually find in fileutils, shellutils, findutils, textutils, -grep, gzip, tar, etc. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment -for any small or emdedded system. The utilities in BusyBox generally have -fewer options then their full featured GNU cousins; however, the options -that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very much -like their GNU counterparts. - -

-BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in -mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude -commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize -your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add a kernel, a -shell (such as ash), and an editor (such as elvis-tiny or ae). - -

-

-

USAGE

-

-When you create a link to BusyBox for the function you wish to use, when -BusyBox is called using that link it will behave as if the command itself -has been invoked. - -

-For example, entering - -

-

        ln -s ./BusyBox ls
-        ./ls
-
-

-will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled -into BusyBox). - -

-You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing the command as an argument on the -command line. For example, entering - -

-

        ./BusyBox ls
-
-

-will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'. - -

-

-

COMMON OPTIONS

-

-Most BusyBox commands support the --help option to provide a terse runtime description of their behavior. - -

-

-

COMMANDS

-

-Currently defined functions include: - -

-ar, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, clear, chvt, cp, cut, date, -dd, df, dirname, dmesg, du, dutmp, echo, false, fbset, fdflush, find, free, -freeramdisk, deallocvt, fsck.minix, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, head, hostid, -hostname, id, init, kill, killall, length, ln, loadacm, loadfont, loadkmap, -logger, logname, ls, lsmod, makedevs, math, mkdir, mkfifo, mkfs.minix, -mknod, mkswap, mktemp, nc, more, mount, mt, mv, nslookup, ping, poweroff, -printf, ps, pwd, reboot, rm, rmdir, rmmod, sed, setkeycodes, sh, sfdisk, -sleep, sort, sync, syslogd, swapon, swapoff, tail, tar, test, tee, touch, -tr, true, tty, umount, uname, uniq, update, uptime, usleep, wc, whoami, -yes, zcat, [ - -

-------------------------------- - -

-
ar
-

-Usage: ar [optxvV] archive [filenames] - -

-Extract or list files from an ar archive. - -

-Options: - -

-

        o               preserve original dates
-        p               extract to stdout
-        t               list
-        x               extract
-        v               verbosely list files processed
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

basename
-

-Usage: basename FILE [SUFFIX] - -

-Strips directory path and suffixes from FILE. If specified, also removes -any trailing SUFFIX. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ basename /usr/local/bin/foo
-        foo
-        $ basename /usr/local/bin/
-        bin
-        $ basename /foo/bar.txt .txt
-        bar
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

cat
-

-Usage: cat [FILE ...] - -

-Concatenates FILE(s) and prints them to the standard output. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ cat /proc/uptime
-        110716.72 17.67
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

chgrp
-

-Usage: chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE... - -

-Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -R      change files and directories recursively
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ ls -l /tmp/foo
-        -r--r--r--    1 andersen andersen        0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
-        $ chgrp root /tmp/foo
-        $ ls -l /tmp/foo
-        -r--r--r--    1 andersen root            0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

chmod
-

-Usage: chmod [-R] MODE[,MODE]... FILE... - -

-Changes file access permissions for the specified FILE(s) (or -directories). Each MODE is defined by combining the letters for WHO has -access to the file, an OPERATOR for selecting how the permissions should be -changed, and a PERISSION for FILE(s) (or directories). - -

-WHO may be chosen from - -

-

        u       User who owns the file
-        g       Users in the file's Group
-        o       Other users not in the file's group
-        a       All users
-
-

-OPERATOR may be chosen from - -

-

        +       Add a permission
-        -       Remove a permission
-        =       Assign a permission
- 
-PERMISSION may be chosen from
-
-

-

        r       Read
-        w       Write
-        x       Execute (or access for directories)
-        s       Set user (or group) ID bit
-        t       Stickey bit (for directories prevents removing files by non-owners)
-
-

-Alternately, permissions can be set numerically where the first three -numbers are calculated by adding the octal values, such as - -

-

        4       Read
-        2       Write
-        1       Execute
-
-

-An optional fourth digit can also be used to specify - -

-

        4       Set user ID
-        2       Set group ID
-        1       Stickey bit
-
-

-Options: - -

-

        -R      Change files and directories recursively.
- 
-Example:
-
-

-

        $ ls -l /tmp/foo
-        -rw-rw-r--    1 root     root            0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
-        $ chmod u+x /tmp/foo
-        $ ls -l /tmp/foo
-        -rwxrw-r--    1 root     root            0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo*
-        $ chmod 444 /tmp/foo
-        $ ls -l /tmp/foo
-        -r--r--r--    1 root     root            0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

chown
-

-Usage: chown [OPTION]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP] FILE... - -

-Changes the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -R      Changes files and directories recursively
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ ls -l /tmp/foo
-        -r--r--r--    1 andersen andersen        0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
-        $ chown root /tmp/foo
-        $ ls -l /tmp/foo
-        -r--r--r--    1 root     andersen        0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
-        $ chown root.root /tmp/foo
-        ls -l /tmp/foo
-        -r--r--r--    1 root     root            0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

chroot
-

-Usage: chroot NEWROOT [COMMAND...] - -

-Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT. Example: - -

-

        $ ls -l /bin/ls
-        lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root          12 Apr 13 00:46 /bin/ls -> /BusyBox
-        $ mount /dev/hdc1 /mnt -t minix
-        $ chroot /mnt
-        $ ls -l /bin/ls
-        -rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        40816 Feb  5 07:45 /bin/ls*
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

clear
-

-Clears the screen. - -

-------------------------------- - -

chvt
-

-Usage: chvt N - -

-Changes the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN - -

-------------------------------- - -

cp
-

-Usage: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST - -

-

   or: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
-
-

-Copies SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -a      Same as -dpR
-        -d      Preserves links
-        -p      Preserves file attributes if possable
-        -R      Copies directories recursively
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

cut
-

-Usage: cut [OPTION]... [FILE]... - -

-Prints selected fields from each input FILE to standard output. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
-        -c LIST Output only characters from LIST
-        -d DELIM        Use DELIM instead of tab as the field delimiter
-        -f N    Print only these fields
-        -n      Ignored
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 1 -d ' '
-        Hello
-        $ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 2 -d ' '
-        world
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

date
-

-Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT] - -

-

  or:  date [OPTION] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
-
-

-Displays the current time in the given FORMAT, or sets the system date. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -R      Outputs RFC-822 compliant date string
-        -s      Sets time described by STRING
-        -u      Prints or sets Coordinated Universal Time
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ date
-        Wed Apr 12 18:52:41 MDT 2000
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

dd
-

-Usage: dd [if=name] [of=name] [bs=n] [count=n] [skip=n] [seek=n] - -

-Copy a file, converting and formatting according to options - -

-

        if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin
-        of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout
-        bs=n    read and write n bytes at a time
-        count=n copy only n input blocks
-        skip=n  skip n input blocks
-        seek=n  skip n output blocks
-
-

-Numbers may be suffixed by w (x2), k (x1024), b (x512), or M (x1024^2) -Example: - -

-

        $ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram1 bs=1M count=4
-        4+0 records in
-        4+0 records out
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

df
-

-Usage: df [filesystem ...] - -

-Prints the filesystem space used and space available. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ df
-        Filesystem           1k-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
-        /dev/sda3              8690864   8553540    137324  98% /
-        /dev/sda1                64216     36364     27852  57% /boot
-        $ df /dev/sda3
-        Filesystem           1k-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
-        /dev/sda3              8690864   8553540    137324  98% /
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

dirname
-

-Usage: dirname NAME - -

-Strip non-directory suffix from file name - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ dirname /tmp/foo
-        /tmp
-        $ dirname /tmp/foo/
-        /tmp
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

dmesg
-

-Usage: dmesg [-c] [-n level] [-s bufsize] Print or controls the kernel ring buffer. - -

-------------------------------- - -

du
-

-Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]... - -

-Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory. Disk space is -printed in units of 1k (i.e. 1024 bytes). - -

-Options: - -

-

        -l      count sizes many times if hard linked
-        -s      display only a total for each argument
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ ./BusyBox du
-        16      ./CVS
-        12      ./kernel-patches/CVS
-        80      ./kernel-patches
-        12      ./tests/CVS
-        36      ./tests
-        12      ./scripts/CVS
-        16      ./scripts
-        12      ./docs/CVS
-        104     ./docs
-        2417    .
-         
--------------------------------
-
-
dutmp
-

-Usage: dutmp [FILE] - -

-Dump utmp file format (pipe delimited) from FILE or stdin to stdout. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ dutmp /var/run/utmp
-        8|7||si|||0|0|0|955637625|760097|0
-        2|0|~|~~|reboot||0|0|0|955637625|782235|0
-        1|20020|~|~~|runlevel||0|0|0|955637625|800089|0
-        8|125||l4|||0|0|0|955637629|998367|0
-        6|245|tty1|1|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|998974|0
-        6|246|tty2|2|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|999498|0
-        7|336|pts/0|vt00andersen|andersen|:0.0|0|0|0|955637763|0|0
-         
--------------------------------
-
-
echo
-

-Usage: echo [-neE] [ARG ...] - -

-Prints the specified ARGs to stdout - -

-Options: - -

-

        -n      suppress trailing newline
-        -e      interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e. \t=tab etc)
-        -E      disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ echo "Erik is cool"
-        Erik is cool
-        $  echo -e "Erik\nis\ncool"
-        Erik
-        is
-        cool
-        $ echo "Erik\nis\ncool"
-        Erik\nis\ncool
-         
--------------------------------
-
-
false
-

-Returns an exit code of FALSE (1) - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ false
-        $ echo $?
-        1
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

fbset
-

-Usage: fbset [options] [mode] - -

-Show and modify frame buffer device settings - -

-Options: - -

-

        -h
-        -fb
-        -db
-        -a
-        -i
-        -g
-        -t
-        -accel
-        -hsync
-        -vsync
-        -laced
-        -double
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ fbset
-        mode "1024x768-76"
-                        # D: 78.653 MHz, H: 59.949 kHz, V: 75.694 Hz
-                        geometry 1024 768 1024 768 16
-                        timings 12714 128 32 16 4 128 4
-                        accel false
-                        rgba 5/11,6/5,5/0,0/0
-        endmode
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

fdflush
-

-Usage: fdflush device - -

-Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change - -

-------------------------------- - -

find
-

-Usage: find [PATH...] [EXPRESSION] - -

-Search for files in a directory hierarchy. The default PATH is the current -directory; default EXPRESSION is '-print' - -

-EXPRESSION may consist of: - -

-

        -follow                 Dereference symbolic links.
-        -name PATTERN   File name (leading directories removed) matches PATTERN.
-        -print                  print the full file name followed by a newline to stdout.
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ find / -name /etc/passwd
-        /etc/passwd
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

free
-

-Usage: free - -

-Displays the amount of free and used system memory. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ free
-                                  total         used         free       shared      buffers
-          Mem:       257628       248724         8904        59644        93124
-         Swap:       128516         8404       120112
-        Total:       386144       257128       129016
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

freeramdisk
-

-Usage: freeramdisk DEVICE - -

-Frees all memory used by the specified ramdisk. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ freeramdisk /dev/ram2
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

deallocvt
-

-Usage: deallocvt N - -

-Deallocates unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN - -

-------------------------------- - -

fsck.minix
-

-Usage: fsck.minix [-larvsmf] /dev/name - -

-Performs a consistency check for MINIX filesystems. - -

-OPTIONS: - -

-

        -l      Lists all filenames
-        -r      Perform interactive repairs
-        -a      Perform automatic repairs
-        -v      verbose
-        -s      Outputs super-block information
-        -m      Activates MINIX-like "mode not cleared" warnings
-        -f      Force file system check.
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

grep
-

-Usage: grep [OPTIONS]... PATTERN [FILE]... - -

-Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input. - -

-OPTIONS: - -

-

        -h      suppress the prefixing filename on output
-        -i      ignore case distinctions
-        -n      print line number with output lines
-        -q      be quiet. Returns 0 if result was found, 1 otherwise
-        -v      select non-matching lines
-
-

-This version of grep matches full regular expresions. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ grep root /etc/passwd
-        root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
-        $ grep ^[rR]oo. /etc/passwd
-        root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

gunzip
-

-Usage: gunzip [OPTION]... FILE - -

-Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-'). - -

-Options: - -

-

        -c      Write output to standard output
-        -t      Test compressed file integrity
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
-        -rw-rw-r--    1 andersen andersen   557009 Apr 11 10:55 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
-        $ gunzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
-        $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
-        -rw-rw-r--    1 andersen andersen  1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

gzip
-

-Usage: gzip [OPTION]... FILE - -

-Compress FILE with maximum compression. When FILE is '-', reads standard -input. Implies -c. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -c      Write output to standard output instead of FILE.gz
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
-        -rw-rw-r--    1 andersen andersen  1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
-        $ gzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
-        $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
-        -rw-rw-r--    1 andersen andersen   554058 Apr 14 17:49 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

halt
-

-Usage: halt - -

-This comand halts the system. - -

-------------------------------- - -

head
-

-Usage: head [OPTION] [FILE]... - -

-Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one -FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or -when FILE is -, read standard input. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -n NUM          Print first NUM lines instead of first 10
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ head -n 2 /etc/passwd
-        root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
-        daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

hostid
-

-Usage: hostid - -

-Prints out a unique 32-bit identifier for the current machine. The 32-bit -identifier is intended to be unique among all UNIX systems in existence. - -

-------------------------------- - -

hostname
-

-Usage: hostname [OPTION] {hostname | -F file} - -

-Get or set the hostname or DNS domain name. If a hostname is given (or a -file with the -F parameter), the host name will be set. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -s              Short
-        -i              Addresses for the hostname
-        -d              DNS domain name
-        -F FILE         Use the contents of FILE to specify the hostname
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ hostname
-        slag 
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

id
-

-Print information for USERNAME or the current user - -

-Options: - -

-

        -g      prints only the group ID
-        -u      prints only the user ID
-        -r      prints the real user ID instead of the effective ID (with -ug)
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ id
-        uid=1000(andersen) gid=1000(andersen)
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

init
-

-Usage: init - -

-Init is the parent of all processes. - -

-This version of init is designed to be run only by the kernel. - -

-BusyBox init doesn't support multiple runlevels. The runlevels field of the -/etc/inittab file is completely ignored by BusyBox init. If you want -runlevels, use sysvinit. - -

-BusyBox init works just fine without an inittab. If no inittab is found, it -has the following default behavior: - -

-

        ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
-        ::askfirst:/bin/sh
-
-

-if it detects that /dev/console is _not_ a serial console, it will also -run: - -

-

        tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh
-
-

-If you choose to use an /etc/inittab file, the inittab entry format is as -follows: - -

-

        <id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process>
-
-

-

        <id>: 
-
-

-

                WARNING: This field has a non-traditional meaning for BusyBox init!
-                The id field is used by BusyBox init to specify the controlling tty for
-                the specified process to run on.  The contents of this field are
-                appended to "/dev/" and used as-is.  There is no need for this field to
-                be unique, although if it isn't you may have strange results.  If this
-                field is left blank, it is completely ignored.  Also note that if
-                BusyBox detects that a serial console is in use, then all entries
-                containing non-empty id fields will _not_ be run.  BusyBox init does
-                nothing with utmp.  We don't need no stinkin' utmp.
-
-

-

        <runlevels>: 
-
-

-

                The runlevels field is completely ignored.
-
-

-

        <action>: 
-
-

-

                Valid actions include: sysinit, respawn, askfirst, wait, 
-                once, and ctrlaltdel.
-
-

-

                askfirst acts just like respawn, but before running the specified
-                process it displays the line "Please press Enter to activate this
-                console." and then waits for the user to press enter before starting
-                the specified process.
-
-

-

                Unrecognised actions (like initdefault) will cause init to emit
-                an error message, and then go along with its business.
-
-

-

        <process>: 
-
-

-

                Specifies the process to be executed and it's command line.
-
-

-Example /etc/inittab file: - -

-

        # This is run first except when booting in single-user mode.
-        #
-        ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
-
-

-

        # /bin/sh invocations on selected ttys
-        #
-        # Start an "askfirst" shell on the console (whatever that may be)
-        ::askfirst:/bin/sh
-        # Start an "askfirst" shell on /dev/tty2
-        tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh
-
-

-

        # /sbin/getty invocations for selected ttys
-        #
-        tty4::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty4
-        tty5::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5
-
-

-

        # Example of how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal)
-        #
-        #ttyS0::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100
-        #ttyS1::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100
-        #
-        # Example how to put a getty on a modem line.
-        #ttyS2::respawn:/sbin/getty -x0 -s 57600 ttyS2
-
-

-

        # Stuff to do before rebooting
-        ::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r > /dev/null 2>&1
-        ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/swapoff -a > /dev/null 2>&1
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

kill
-

-Usage: kill [-signal] process-id [process-id ...] - -

-Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified -process(es). - -

-Options: - -

-

        -l      List all signal names and numbers.
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ ps | grep apache
-        252 root     root     S [apache]
-        263 www-data www-data S [apache]
-        264 www-data www-data S [apache]
-        265 www-data www-data S [apache]
-        266 www-data www-data S [apache]
-        267 www-data www-data S [apache]
-        $ kill 252
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

killall
-

-Usage: killall [-signal] process-name [process-name ...] - -

-Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified -process(es). - -

-Options: - -

-

        -l      List all signal names and numbers.
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ killall apache
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

length
-

-Usage: length STRING - -

-Prints out the length of the specified STRING. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ length "Hello"
-        5
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

ln
-

-Usage: ln [OPTION] TARGET... LINK_NAME|DIRECTORY - -

-Create a link named LINK_NAME or DIRECTORY to the specified TARGET Options: - -

-

        -s      make symbolic links instead of hard links
-        -f      remove existing destination files
- 
-Example:
-
-

-

    $ ln -s BusyBox /tmp/ls
-    $ ls -l /tmp/ls
-    lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            7 Apr 12 18:39 ls -> BusyBox*
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

loadacm
-

-Usage: loadacm - -

-Loads an acm from standard input. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ loadacm < /etc/i18n/acmname
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

loadfont
-

-Usage: loadfont - -

-Loads a console font from standard input. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ loadfont < /etc/i18n/fontname
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

loadkmap
-

-Usage: loadkmap - -

-Loads a binary keyboard translation table from standard input. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ loadkmap < /etc/i18n/lang-keymap
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

logger
-

-Usage: logger [OPTION]... [MESSAGE] - -

-Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is '-', log stdin. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -s      Log to stderr as well as the system log.
-        -t      Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name).
-        -p      Enter the message with the specified priority.
-                This may be numerical or a ``facility.level'' pair.
-
-

-Example: - -

-

                $ logger "hello"
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

logname
-

-Usage: logname - -

-Print the name of the current user. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ logname
-        root
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

ls
-

-Usage: ls [-1acdelnpuxACF] [filenames...] - -

-Options: - -

-

        -a      do not hide entries starting with .
-        -c      with  -l:  show ctime (the time of last
-                modification of file status information)
-        -d      list directory entries instead of contents
-        -e      list both full date and full time
-        -l      use a long listing format
-        -n      list numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
-        -p      append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
-        -u      with -l: show access time (the time of last
-                access of the file)
-        -x      list entries by lines instead of by columns
-        -A      do not list implied . and ..
-        -C      list entries by columns
-        -F      append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

lsmod
-

-Usage: lsmod - -

-Shows a list of all currently loaded kernel modules. - -

-------------------------------- - -

makedevs
-

-Usage: makedevs NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR FIRST LAST [s] - -

-Creates a range of block or character special files - -

-TYPEs include: - -

-

        b:      Make a block (buffered) device.
-        c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device.
-        p:      Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes.
-
-

-FIRST specifies the number appended to NAME to create the first device. -LAST specifies the number of the last item that should be created. If 's' -is the last argument, the base device is created as well. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63
-        [creates ttyS2-ttyS63]
-        $ makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s
-        [creates hda,hda1-hda8]
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

math
-

-Usage: math expression ... - -

-This is a Tiny RPN calculator that understands the following operations: +, --, /, *, and, or, not, eor. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ math 2 2 add
-        4
-        $ math 8 8 \* 2 2 + /
-        16
-        $ math 0 1 and
-        0
-        $ math 0 1 or
-        1
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

mkdir
-

-Usage: mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY... - -

-Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist - -

-Options: - -

-

        -m      set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask
-        -p      no error if dir exists, make parent directories as needed
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ mkdir /tmp/foo
-        $ mkdir /tmp/foo
-        /tmp/foo: File exists
-        $ mkdir /tmp/foo/bar/baz
-        /tmp/foo/bar/baz: No such file or directory
-        $ mkdir -p /tmp/foo/bar/baz
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

mkfifo
-

-Usage: mkfifo [OPTIONS] name - -

-Creates a named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p') - -

-Options: - -

-

        -m      create the pipe using the specified mode (default a=rw)
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

mkfs.minix
-

-Usage: mkfs.minix [-c | -l filename] [-nXX] [-iXX] /dev/name [blocks] - -

-Make a MINIX filesystem. - -

-OPTIONS: - -

-

        -c              Check the device for bad blocks
-        -n [14|30]      Specify the maximum length of filenames
-        -i              Specify the number of inodes for the filesystem
-        -l FILENAME     Read the bad blocks list from FILENAME
-        -v              Make a Minix version 2 filesystem
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

mknod
-

-Usage: mknod [OPTIONS] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR - -

-Create a special file (block, character, or pipe). - -

-Options: - -

-

        -m      create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw)
-
-

-TYPEs include: b: Make a block (buffered) device. c or u: Make a character -(un-buffered) device. p: Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for -named pipes. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ mknod /dev/fd0 b 2 0 
-        $ mknod -m 644 /tmp/pipe p
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

mkswap
-

-Usage: mkswap [-c] [-v0|-v1] device [block-count] - -

-Prepare a disk partition to be used as a swap partition. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -c              Check for read-ability.
-        -v0             Make version 0 swap [max 128 Megs].
-        -v1             Make version 1 swap [big!] (default for kernels > 2.1.117).
-        block-count     Number of block to use (default is entire partition).
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

mktemp
-

-Usage: mktemp [-q] TEMPLATE - -

-Creates a temporary file with its name based on TEMPLATE. TEMPLATE is any -name with six `Xs' (i.e. /tmp/temp.XXXXXX). - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ mktemp /tmp/temp.XXXXXX
-        /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
-        $ ls -la /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
-        -rw-------    1 andersen andersen        0 Apr 25 17:10 /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

nc
-

-Usage: nc [IP] [port] - -

-Netcat opens a pipe to IP:port - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ nc foobar.somedomain.com 25
-        220 foobar ESMTP Exim 3.12 #1 Sat, 15 Apr 2000 00:03:02 -0600
-        help
-        214-Commands supported:
-        214-    HELO EHLO MAIL RCPT DATA AUTH
-        214     NOOP QUIT RSET HELP
-        quit
-        221 foobar closing connection
- 
--------------------------------
-
-
more
-

-Usage: more [file ...] - -

-More is a filter for paging through text one screenful at a time. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ dmesg | more
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

mount
-

-Usage: mount [flags] mount [flags] device directory [-o options,more-options] - -

-Flags: - -

-

        -a:             Mount all file systems in fstab.
-        -o option:      One of many filesystem options, listed below.
-        -r:             Mount the filesystem read-only.
-        -t fs-type:     Specify the filesystem type.
-        -w:             Mount for reading and writing (default).
-
-

-Options for use with the ``-o'' flag: - -

-

        async/sync:     Writes are asynchronous / synchronous.
-        atime/noatime:  Enable / disable updates to inode access times.
-        dev/nodev:      Allow use of special device files / disallow them.
-        exec/noexec:    Allow use of executable files / disallow them.
-        loop:           Mounts a file via loop device.
-        suid/nosuid:    Allow set-user-id-root programs / disallow them.
-        remount:        Re-mount a currently-mounted filesystem, changing its flags.
-        ro/rw:          Mount for read-only / read-write.
-        There are EVEN MORE flags that are specific to each filesystem.
-        You'll have to see the written documentation for those.
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ mount
-        /dev/hda3 on / type minix (rw)
-        proc on /proc type proc (rw)
-        devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw)
-        $ mount /dev/fd0 /mnt -t msdos -o ro
-        $ mount /tmp/diskimage /opt -t ext2 -o loop
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

mt
-

-Usage: mt [-f device] opcode value - -

-Control magnetic tape drive operation - -

-------------------------------- - -

mv
-

-Usage: mv SOURCE DEST - -

-

   or: mv SOURCE... DIRECTORY
-
-

-Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ mv /tmp/foo /bin/bar
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

nslookup
-

-Usage: nslookup [HOST] - -

-Queries the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ nslookup localhost
-        Server:     default
-        Address:    default
-
-

-

        Name:       debian
-        Address:    127.0.0.1
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

ping
-

-Usage: ping [OPTION]... host - -

-Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -c COUNT        Send only COUNT pings.
-        -q              Quiet mode, only displays output at start
-                        and when finished.
-Example:
-
-

-

        $ ping localhost
-        PING slag (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
-        64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=20.1 ms
-
-

-

        --- debian ping statistics ---
-        1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
-        round-trip min/avg/max = 20.1/20.1/20.1 ms
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

poweroff
-

-Shuts down the system, and requests that the kernel turn off power upon -halting. - -

-------------------------------- - -

printf
-

-Usage: printf format [argument...] - -

-Formats and prints the given data in a manner similar to the C printf -command. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ printf "Val=%d\n" 5
-        Val=5
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

ps
-

-Usage: ps - -

-Report process status - -

-This version of ps accepts no options. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ ps
-  PID  Uid      Gid State Command
-    1 root     root     S init
-    2 root     root     S [kflushd]
-    3 root     root     S [kupdate]
-    4 root     root     S [kpiod]
-    5 root     root     S [kswapd]
-  742 andersen andersen S [bash]
-  743 andersen andersen S -bash
-  745 root     root     S [getty]
- 2990 andersen andersen R ps
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

pwd
-

-Prints the full filename of the current working directory. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ pwd
-        /root
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

reboot
-

-Instructs the kernel to reboot the system. - -

-------------------------------- - -

rm
-

-Usage: rm [OPTION]... FILE... - -

-Remove (unlink) the FILE(s). - -

-Options: - -

-

        -f              remove existing destinations, never prompt
-        -r or -R        remove the contents of directories recursively
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ rm -rf /tmp/foo
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

rmdir
-

-Usage: rmdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY... - -

-Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty. - -

-Example: - -

-

        # rmdir /tmp/foo
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

rmmod
-

-Usage: rmmod [OPTION]... [MODULE]... - -

-Unloads the specified kernel modules from the kernel. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -a      Try to remove all unused kernel modules.
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ rmmod tulip
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

sed
-

-Usage: sed [-n] -e script [file...] - -

-Allowed sed scripts come in the following form: - -

-

        'ADDR [!] COMMAND'
-
-

-

        where address ADDR can be:
-          NUMBER    Match specified line number
-          $         Match last line
-          /REGEXP/  Match specified regexp
-          (! inverts the meaning of the match)
-
-

-

        and COMMAND can be:
-          s/regexp/replacement/[igp]
-                 which attempt to match regexp against the pattern space
-                 and if successful replaces the matched portion with replacement.
-
-

-

          aTEXT
-                 which appends TEXT after the pattern space
-
-

-Options: - -

-

        -e      add the script to the commands to be executed
-        -n      suppress automatic printing of pattern space
-
-

-This version of sed matches full regular expresions. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ echo "foo" | sed -e 's/f[a-zA-Z]o/bar/g'
-        bar
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

setkeycodes
-

-Usage: setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE ... - -

-Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, allowing unusual -keyboards to generate usable keycodes. - -

-SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and KEYCODE is given in -decimal - -

-Example: - -

-

        # setkeycodes e030 127
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

sh
-

-Usage: sh - -

-lash -- the BusyBox LAme SHell (command interpreter) - -

-This command does not yet have proper documentation. - -

-Use lash just as you would use any other shell. It properly handles pipes, -redirects, job control, can be used as the shell for scripts (#!/bin/sh), -and has a sufficient set of builtins to do what is needed. It does not -(yet) support Bourne Shell syntax. If you need things like -``if-then-else'', ``while'', and such, use ash or bash. If you just need a -very simple and extremely small shell, this will do the job. - -

-------------------------------- - -

sfdisk
-

-Usage: sfdisk [options] device ... - -

-device: something like /dev/hda or /dev/sda - -

-useful options: - -

-

    -s [or --show-size]: list size of a partition
-    -c [or --id]:        print or change partition Id
-    -l [or --list]:      list partitions of each device
-    -d [or --dump]:      idem, but in a format suitable for later input
-    -i [or --increment]: number cylinders etc. from 1 instead of from 0
-    -uS, -uB, -uC, -uM:  accept/report in units of sectors/blocks/cylinders/MB
-    -T [or --list-types]:list the known partition types
-    -D [or --DOS]:       for DOS-compatibility: waste a little space
-    -R [or --re-read]:   make kernel reread partition table
-    -N# :                change only the partition with number #
-    -n :                 do not actually write to disk
-    -O file :            save the sectors that will be overwritten to file
-    -I file :            restore these sectors again
-    -v [or --version]:   print version
-    -? [or --help]:      print this message
-
-

-dangerous options: - -

-

    -g [or --show-geometry]: print the kernel's idea of the geometry
-    -x [or --show-extended]: also list extended partitions on output
-
-

-

                             or expect descriptors for them on input
-    -L  [or --Linux]:      do not complain about things irrelevant for Linux
-    -q  [or --quiet]:      suppress warning messages
-    You can override the detected geometry using:
-    -C# [or --cylinders #]:set the number of cylinders to use
-    -H# [or --heads #]:    set the number of heads to use
-    -S# [or --sectors #]:  set the number of sectors to use
-
-

-You can disable all consistency checking with: - -

-

    -f  [or --force]:      do what I say, even if it is stupid
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

sleep
-

-Usage: sleep N - -

-Pause for N seconds. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ sleep 2
-        [2 second delay results]
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

sort
-

-Usage: sort [-n] [-r] [FILE]... - -

-Sorts lines of text in the specified files - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ echo -e "e\nf\nb\nd\nc\na" | sort
-        a
-        b
-        c
-        d
-        e
-        f
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

sync
-

-Usage: sync - -

-Write all buffered filesystem blocks to disk. - -

-------------------------------- - -

syslogd
-

-Usage: syslogd [OPTION]... - -

-Linux system and kernel (provides klogd) logging utility. Note that this -version of syslogd/klogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -m      Change the mark timestamp interval. default=20min. 0=off
-        -n      Do not fork into the background (for when run by init)
-        -K      Do not start up the klogd process (by default syslogd spawns klogd).
-        -O      Specify an alternate log file.  default=/var/log/messages
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

swapon
-

-Usage: swapon [OPTION] [device] - -

-Start swapping virtual memory pages on the given device. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -a      Start swapping on all swap devices
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

swapoff
-

-Usage: swapoff [OPTION] [device] - -

-Stop swapping virtual memory pages on the given device. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -a      Stop swapping on all swap devices
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

tail
-

-Usage: tail [OPTION] [FILE]... - -

-Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one -FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or -when FILE is -, read standard input. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -n NUM          Print last NUM lines instead of first 10
-        -f              Output data as the file grows.  This version
-                        of 'tail -f' supports only one file at a time.
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ tail -n 1 /etc/resolv.conf
-        nameserver 10.0.0.1
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

tar
-

-Usage: tar -[cxtvO] [--exclude File] [-f tarFile] [FILE] ... - -

-Create, extract, or list files from a tar file. Note that this version of -tar treats hard links as separate files. - -

-Main operation mode: - -

-

        c               create
-        x               extract
-        t               list
-
-

-File selection: - -

-

        f               name of tarfile or "-" for stdin
-        O               extract to stdout
-        --exclude       file to exclude
-
-

-Informative output: - -

-

        v               verbosely list files processed
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ zcat /tmp/tarball.tar.gz | tar -xf -
-        $ tar -cf /tmp/tarball.tar /usr/local
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

test, [
-

-Usage: test EXPRESSION or [ EXPRESSION ] - -

-Checks file types and compares values returning an exit code determined by -the value of EXPRESSION. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ test 1 -eq 2
-        $ echo $?
-        1
-        $ test 1 -eq 1
-        $ echo $?
-        0
-        $ [ -d /etc ]
-        $ echo $?
-        0
-        $ [ -d /junk ]
-        $ echo $?
-        1
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

tee
-

-Usage: tee [OPTION]... [FILE]... - -

-Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -a      append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ echo "Hello" | tee /tmp/foo
-        $ cat /tmp/foo
-        Hello
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

touch
-

-Usage: touch [-c] file [file ...] - -

-Update the last-modified date on (or create) the selected file[s]. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ ls -l /tmp/foo
-        /bin/ls: /tmp/foo: No such file or directory
-        $ touch /tmp/foo
-        $ ls -l /tmp/foo
-        -rw-rw-r--    1 andersen andersen        0 Apr 15 01:11 /tmp/foo
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

tr
-

-Usage: tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2] - -

-Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input, writing -to standard output. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -c      take complement of STRING1
-        -d      delete input characters coded STRING1
-        -s      squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ echo "gdkkn vnqkc" | tr [a-y] [b-z]
-        hello world
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

true
-

-Returns an exit code of TRUE (0) - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ true
-        $ echo $?
-        0
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

tty
-

-Usage: tty - -

-Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -s      print nothing, only return an exit status
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ tty
-        /dev/tty2
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

umount
-

-Usage: umount [flags] filesystem|directory - -

-Flags: - -

-

                -a:     Unmount all file systems
-                -r:     Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy
-                -f:     Force filesystem umount (i.e. unreachable NFS server)
-                -l:     Do not free loop device (if a loop device has been used)
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ umount /dev/hdc1 
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

uname
-

-Usage: uname [OPTION]... - -

-Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -s. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -a      print all information
-        -m      the machine (hardware) type
-        -n      print the machine's network node hostname
-        -r      print the operating system release
-        -s      print the operating system name
-        -p      print the host processor type
-        -v      print the operating system version
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ uname -a
-        Linux debian 2.2.15pre13 #5 Tue Mar 14 16:03:50 MST 2000 i686 unknown
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

uniq
-

-Usage: uniq [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]] - -

-Discard all but one of successive identical lines from INPUT (or standard -input), writing to OUTPUT (or standard output). - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ echo -e "a\na\nb\nc\nc\na" | sort | uniq
-        a
-        b
-        c
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

update
-

-Usage: update [options] - -

-Periodically flushes filesystem buffers. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -S      force use of sync(2) instead of flushing
-        -s SECS call sync this often (default 30)
-        -f SECS flush some buffers this often (default 5)
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

uptime
-

-Usage: uptime - -

-Tells how long the system has been running since boot. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ uptime
-          1:55pm  up  2:30, load average: 0.09, 0.04, 0.00
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

usleep
-

-Usage: usleep N - -

-Pauses for N microseconds. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ usleep 1000000
-        [pauses for 1 second]
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

wc
-

-Usage: wc [OPTION]... [FILE]... - -

-Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if more -than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, read standard input. - -

-Options: - -

-

        -c      print the byte counts
-        -l      print the newline counts
-        -L      print the length of the longest line
-        -w      print the word counts
-
-

-Example: - -

-

        $ wc /etc/passwd
-             31      46    1365 /etc/passwd
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

whoami
-

-Usage: whoami - -

-Prints the user name associated with the current effective user id. - -

-Example: - -

-

        $ whoami
-        andersen
-
-

-------------------------------- - -

yes
-

-Usage: yes [OPTION]... [STRING]... - -

-Repeatedly outputs a line with all specified STRING(s), or -`y'. - -

-------------------------------- - -

zcat
-

-This is essentially an alias for invoking ``gunzip -c'', where it decompresses the file inquestion and send the output to -stdout. - -

-------------------------------- - -

-

-

-

LIBC NSS

-

-GNU Libc uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior of -the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads -system data, such as passwords and group information. BusyBox has made it -Policy that it will never use NSS, and will never use and libc calls that -make use of NSS. This allows you to run an embedded system without the need -for installing an /etc/nsswitch.conf file and without and /lib/libnss_* -libraries installed. - -

-If you are using a system that is using a remote LDAP server for -authentication via GNU libc NSS, and you want to use BusyBox, then you will -need to adjust the BusyBox source. Chances are though, that if you have -enough space to install of that stuff on your system, then you probably -want the full GNU utilities. - -

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SEE ALSO

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-textutils(1), shellutils(1), etc... - -

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MAINTAINER

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-Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org> <andersen@lineo.com> - -

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AUTHORS

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-The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it -or not. - -

-Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org> - -
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-John Beppu <beppu@lineo.com> - -
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-Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com> - -
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-Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org> - -
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-Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com> - -
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-Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org> - -
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-John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com> - -
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-Glenn McGrath <bug1@netconnect.com.au> - -
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-Bruce Perens <bruce@perens.com> - -
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-Pavel Roskin <pavel_roskin@geocities.com> - -
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-Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com> - -
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-Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com> - -
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-Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es> - -
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