From 039e2bb7df9fb4684efed1e17525679fa6ead89a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Jan=20G=C3=B6rig?= Date: Wed, 23 Feb 2011 09:17:54 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] Manual pages fixes Taken from Debian with small changes added Authors: Craig Small , Brendan O'Dea --- free.1 | 76 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------- kill.1 | 86 ++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------- pgrep.1 | 94 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------- pmap.1 | 24 ++++++++------ skill.1 | 63 ++++++++++++++++++++----------------- slabtop.1 | 35 ++++++++++++--------- sysctl.8 | 90 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------- tload.1 | 2 +- uptime.1 | 23 +++++++++++--- vmstat.8 | 48 ++++++++++++++++------------ w.1 | 14 ++++----- watch.1 | 47 +++++++++++++++++----------- 12 files changed, 352 insertions(+), 250 deletions(-) diff --git a/free.1 b/free.1 index 954c8d9c..cae1241a 100644 --- a/free.1 +++ b/free.1 @@ -1,47 +1,67 @@ .\" -*-Nroff-*- .\" This page Copyright (C) 1993 Matt Welsh, mdw@sunsite.unc.edu. .\" Freely distributable under the terms of the GPL -.TH FREE 1 "20 Mar 1993 " "Cohesive Systems" "Linux User's Manual" +.TH FREE 1 "5 Oct 2009 " "Cohesive Systems" "Linux User's Manual" .SH NAME free \- Display amount of free and used memory in the system .SH SYNOPSIS -.BR "free " [ "\-b" " | " "\-k" " | " "\-m" "] [" "\-o" "] [" "\-s" -.I delay -.RB "] [" "\-t" "] [" "\-V" ] +.B free +.RB [ \-b | \-k | \-m | \-g ] +.RB [ \-c +.IR count ] +.RB [ \-l ] +.RB [ \-o ] +.RB [ \-t ] +.RB [ \-s +.IR delay ] +.RB [ \-V ] .SH DESCRIPTION \fBfree\fP displays the total amount of free and used physical and swap memory in the system, as well as the buffers used by the kernel. The shared memory column should be ignored; it is obsolete. -.SS Options -The \fB-b\fP switch displays the amount of memory in bytes; the -\fB-k\fP switch (set by default) displays it in kilobytes; the \fB-m\fP -switch displays it in megabytes. -.PP -The \fB-t\fP switch displays a line containing the totals. -.PP -The \fB-o\fP switch disables the display of a "buffer adjusted" line. -If the -o option is not specified, \fBfree\fP subtracts buffer memory -from the used memory and adds it to the free memory reported. -.PP -The \fB-s\fP switch activates continuous polling \fIdelay\fP seconds apart. You +.SS OPTIONS +.TP +\fB\-b\fR +Display the amount of memory in bytes. +.TP +\fB\-c\fR \fIcount\fR +Display the result \fIcount\fR times. Requires the \fB\-s\fR option. +.TP +\fB\-g\fR +Display the amount of memory in gigabytes. +.TP +\fB\-k\fR +Display the amount of memory in kilobytes. This is the default. +.TP +\fB\-l\fR +Show detailed low and high memory statistics. +.TP +\fB\-m\fR +Display the amount of memory in megabytes. +.TP +\fB\-o\fR +Display the output in old format, the only difference being this option +will disable the display of the "buffer adjusted" line. +.TP +\fB\-s\fR +Continuously display the result \fIdelay\fP seconds apart. You may actually specify any floating point number for \fIdelay\fP, .BR usleep (3) is used for microsecond resolution delay times. -.PP -The \fB\-V\fP displays version information. +.TP +\fB\-t\fR +Display a line showing the column totals. +.TP +\fB\-V\fR +Display version information. .SH FILES -.ta -.IR /proc/meminfo "\-\- memory information" +.nf +/proc/meminfo memory information .fi - -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR ps (1), -.BR slabtop (1), -.BR vmstat (8), -.BR top(1) - .SH AUTHORS Written by Brian Edmonds. Send bug reports to - +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.BR ps "(1), " slabtop "(1), " top "(1), " vmstat (8). +.\"{{{}}} diff --git a/kill.1 b/kill.1 index aef9dbfa..df1bdd78 100644 --- a/kill.1 +++ b/kill.1 @@ -10,23 +10,18 @@ kill \- send a signal to a process .SH SYNOPSIS -.TS -l l. -kill pid ... Send SIGTERM to every process listed. -kill -signal pid ... Send a signal to every process listed. -kill -s signal pid ... Send a signal to every process listed. -kill -l List all signal names. -kill -L List all signal names in a nice table. -kill -l signal Convert a signal number into a name. -kill -V,--version Show version of program -.TE +\fBkill\fR [ \-\fBsignal\fR | \-s \fBsignal\fR ] \fBpid\fR ... +.br +\fBkill\fR [ \-L | -V, \-\-version ] +.br +\fBkill\fR \-l [ \fBsignal\fR ] .SH DESCRIPTION -The default signal for kill is TERM. Use -l or -L to list available signals. +The default signal for kill is TERM. Use \-l or \-L to list available signals. Particularly useful signals include HUP, INT, KILL, STOP, CONT, and 0. -Alternate signals may be specified in three ways: -9 -SIGKILL -KILL. +Alternate signals may be specified in three ways: \-9 \-SIGKILL \-KILL. Negative PID values may be used to choose whole process groups; see the -PGID column in ps command output. A PID of -1 is special; it indicates +PGID column in ps command output. A PID of \-1 is special; it indicates all processes except the kill process itself and init. .SH SIGNALS @@ -37,12 +32,11 @@ When known constant, numbers and default behavior are shown. lB rB lB lB lfCW r l l. Name Num Action Description -.TH 0 0 n/a exit code indicates if a signal may be sent ALRM 14 exit HUP 1 exit INT 2 exit -KILL 9 exit this signal may not be blocked +KILL 9 exit cannot be blocked PIPE 13 exit POLL exit PROF exit @@ -50,15 +44,15 @@ TERM 15 exit USR1 exit USR2 exit VTALRM exit -STKFLT exit may not be implemented -PWR ignore may exit on some systems +STKFLT exit might not be implemented +PWR ignore might exit on some systems WINCH ignore CHLD ignore URG ignore -TSTP stop may interact with the shell -TTIN stop may interact with the shell -TTOU stop may interact with the shell -STOP stop this signal may not be blocked +TSTP stop might interact with the shell +TTIN stop might interact with the shell +TTOU stop might interact with the shell +STOP stop cannot be blocked CONT restart continue if stopped, otherwise ignore ABRT 6 core FPE 8 core @@ -66,11 +60,11 @@ ILL 4 core QUIT 3 core SEGV 11 core TRAP 5 core -SYS core may not be implemented -EMT core may not be implemented -BUS core core dump may fail -XCPU core core dump may fail -XFSZ core core dump may fail +SYS core might not be implemented +EMT core might not be implemented +BUS core core dump might fail +XCPU core core dump might fail +XFSZ core core dump might fail .TE .SH NOTES @@ -79,36 +73,30 @@ You may need to run the command described here as /bin/kill to solve the conflict. .SH EXAMPLES - -.SS -.B "kill -9 -1" -.nf +.TP +.B kill \-9 \-1 Kill all processes you can kill. -.fi -.PP -.SS -.B "kill -l 11" -.nf +.TP +.B kill \-l 11 Translate number 11 into a signal name. -.fi -.PP -.SS -.B "kill -L" -.nf +.TP +.B kill -L List the available signal choices in a nice table. -.fi -.PP -.SS -.B "kill 123 543 2341 3453" -.nf +.TP +.B kill 123 543 2341 3453 Send the default signal, SIGTERM, to all those processes. -.fi -.PP + .SH "SEE ALSO" -pkill(1) skill(1) kill(2) renice(1) nice(1) signal(7) killall(1) +.BR pkill (1), +.BR skill (1), +.BR kill (2), +.BR renice (1), +.BR nice (1), +.BR signal (7), +.BR killall (1). .SH STANDARDS -This command meets appropriate standards. The -L flag is Linux-specific. +This command meets appropriate standards. The \-L flag is Linux-specific. .SH AUTHOR Albert Cahalan wrote kill in 1999 to replace a diff --git a/pgrep.1 b/pgrep.1 index ae2edc26..aca84abe 100644 --- a/pgrep.1 +++ b/pgrep.1 @@ -2,35 +2,39 @@ .\" Licensed under version 2 of the GNU General Public License. .\" Copyright 2000 Kjetil Torgrim Homme .\" -.TH PGREP 1 "June 25, 2000" "Linux" "Linux User's Manual" +.TH PGREP 1 "October 5, 2007" "Linux" "Linux User's Manual" .SH NAME pgrep, pkill \- look up or signal processes based on name and other attributes .SH SYNOPSIS -pgrep [\-flvx] [\-d \fIdelimiter\fP] [\-n|\-o] [\-P \fIppid\fP,...] [\-g \fIpgrp\fP,...] -.br - [\-s \fIsid\fP,...] [\-u \fIeuid\fP,...] [\-U \fIuid\fP,...] [\-G \fIgid\fP,...] -.br - [\-t \fIterm\fP,...] [\fIpattern\fP] +.na +\fBpgrep\fR [\fB\-flvx\fR] [\fB\-d\ \fIdelimiter\fR] [\fB\-n\fR|\fB\-o\fR] \ +[\fB\-P\ \fIppid\fR,...] [\fB\-g\ \fIpgrp\fR,...] [\fB\-s\ \fIsid\fR,...] \ +[\fB\-u\ \fIeuid\fR,...] [\fB\-U\ \fIuid\fR,...] [\fB\-G\ \fIgid\fR,...] \ +[\fB\-t\ \fIterm\fR,...] [\fIpattern\fR] -pkill [\-\fIsignal\fP] [\-fvx] [\-n|\-o] [\-P \fIppid\fP,...] [\-g \fIpgrp\fP,...] -.br - [\-s \fIsid\fP,...] [\-u \fIeuid\fP,...] [\-U \fIuid\fP,...] [\-G \fIgid\fP,...] -.br - [\-t \fIterm\fP,...] [\fIpattern\fP] +.HP +\fBpkill\fR [\fB\-\fIsignal\fR] [\fB\-fvx\fR] [\fB\-n\fR|\fB\-o\fR] \ +[\fB\-P\ \fIppid\fR,...] [\fB\-g\ \fIpgrp\fR,...] [\fB\-s\ \fIsid\fR,...] \ +[\fB\-u\ \fIeuid\fR,...] [\fB\-U\ \fIuid\fR,...] [\fB\-G\ \fIgid\fR,...] \ +[\fB\-t\ \fIterm\fR,...] [\fIpattern\fR] .SH DESCRIPTION \fBpgrep\fP looks through the currently running processes and lists the process IDs which matches the selection criteria to stdout. All the criteria have to match. For example, -pgrep -u root sshd +.IP +$ pgrep \-u root sshd +.PP will only list the processes called \fBsshd\fP AND owned by \fBroot\fP. On the other hand, -pgrep -u root,daemon +.IP +$ pgrep \-u root,daemon +.PP will list the processes owned by \fBroot\fP OR \fBdaemon\fP. \fBpkill\fP will send the specified signal (by default \fBSIGTERM\fP) @@ -38,15 +42,15 @@ to each process instead of listing them on stdout. .SH OPTIONS .TP -\-d \fIdelimiter\fP +\fB\-d \fIdelimiter\fP Sets the string used to delimit each process ID in the output (by default a newline). (\fBpgrep\fP only.) .TP -\-f +\fB\-f\fR The \fIpattern\fP is normally only matched against the process name. -When \-f is set, the full command line is used. +When \fB\-f\fR is set, the full command line is used. .TP -\-g \fIpgrp\fP,... +\fB\-g \fIpgrp\fP,... Only match processes in the process group IDs listed. Process group 0 is translated into \fBpgrep\fP's or \fBpkill\fP's own process group. .TP @@ -54,40 +58,40 @@ is translated into \fBpgrep\fP's or \fBpkill\fP's own process group. Only match processes whose real group ID is listed. Either the numerical or symbolical value may be used. .TP -\-l +\fB\-l\fR List the process name as well as the process ID. (\fBpgrep\fP only.) .TP -\-n +\fB\-n\fR Select only the newest (most recently started) of the matching processes. .TP -\-o +\fB\-o\fR Select only the oldest (least recently started) of the matching processes. .TP -\-P \fIppid\fP,... +\fB\-P \fIppid\fP,... Only match processes whose parent process ID is listed. .TP -\-s \fIsid\fP,... +\fB\-s \fIsid\fP,... Only match processes whose process session ID is listed. Session ID 0 is translated into \fBpgrep\fP's or \fBpkill\fP's own session ID. .TP -\-t \fIterm\fP,... +\fB\-t \fIterm\fP,... Only match processes whose controlling terminal is listed. The terminal name should be specified without the "/dev/" prefix. .TP -\-u \fIeuid\fP,... +\fB\-u \fIeuid\fP,... Only match processes whose effective user ID is listed. Either the numerical or symbolical value may be used. .TP -\-U \fIuid\fP,... +\fB\-U \fIuid\fP,... Only match processes whose real user ID is listed. Either the numerical or symbolical value may be used. .TP -\-v +\fB\-v\fR Negates the matching. .TP -\-x +\fB\-x\fR Only match processes whose name (or command line if \-f is specified) \fBexactly\fP match the \fIpattern\fP. .TP @@ -104,32 +108,40 @@ process names or command lines. .SH EXAMPLES Example 1: Find the process ID of the \fBnamed\fP daemon: -unix$ pgrep \-u root named +.IP +$ pgrep \-u root named +.PP Example 2: Make \fBsyslog\fP reread its configuration file: -unix$ pkill \-HUP syslogd +.IP +$ pkill \-HUP syslogd +.PP Example 3: Give detailed information on all \fBxterm\fP processes: -unix$ ps \-fp $(pgrep \-d, \-x xterm) +.IP +$ ps \-fp $(pgrep \-d, \-x xterm) +.PP Example 4: Make all \fBnetscape\fP processes run nicer: -unix$ renice +4 `pgrep netscape` +.IP +$ renice +4 `pgrep netscape` .SH "EXIT STATUS" +.PD 0 .TP -.I "0" +.I 0 One or more processes matched the criteria. .TP -.I "1" +.I 1 No processes matched. .TP -.I "2" +.I 2 Syntax error in the command line. .TP -.I "3" +.I 3 Fatal error: out of memory etc. .SH NOTES @@ -141,13 +153,19 @@ The running \fBpgrep\fP or \fBpkill\fP process will never report itself as a match. .SH BUGS -The options \-n and \-o and \-v can not be combined. Let me know if -you need to do this. +The options \fB\-n\fP and \fB\-o\fP and \fB\-v\fP can not be combined. +Let me know if you need to do this. Defunct processes are reported. .SH "SEE ALSO" -ps(1) regex(7) signal(7) killall(1) skill(1) kill(1) kill(2) +.BR ps (1), +.BR regex (7), +.BR signal (7), +.BR killall (1), +.BR skill (1), +.BR kill (1), +.BR kill (2) .SH STANDARDS \fBpkill\fP and \fBpgrep\fP were introduced in Sun's Solaris 7. This diff --git a/pmap.1 b/pmap.1 index a91d0e88..3b6dcc01 100644 --- a/pmap.1 +++ b/pmap.1 @@ -10,25 +10,29 @@ pmap \- report memory map of a process .SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -pmap [ -x | -d ] [ -q ] pids... -pmap -V -.fi +.B pmap +.RB [ \-x | \-d ] +.RB [ \-q ] +.I pid +\& ... +.br +.B pmap \-V .SH DESCRIPTION The pmap command reports the memory map of a process or processes. .SH "GENERAL OPTIONS" .TS -l l l. --x extended Show the extended format. --d device Show the device format. --q quiet Do not display some header/footer lines. --V show version Displays version of program. +lB l l. +\-x extended Show the extended format. +\-d device Show the device format. +\-q quiet Do not display some header/footer lines. +\-V show version Displays version of program. .TE .SH "SEE ALSO" -ps(1) pgrep(1) +.BR ps (1), +.BR pgrep (1) .SH STANDARDS No standards apply, but pmap looks an awful lot like a SunOS command. diff --git a/skill.1 b/skill.1 index a4fc2743..bc4846f6 100644 --- a/skill.1 +++ b/skill.1 @@ -11,37 +11,38 @@ skill, snice \- send a signal or report process status .SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -skill [signal to send] [options] process selection criteria -snice [new priority] [options] process selection criteria -.fi +.B skill +.RI [ "signal to send" ] +.RI [ options ] +.I process selection criteria +.br +.B snice +.RI [ "new priority" ] +.RI [ options ] +.I process selection criteria .SH DESCRIPTION These tools are probably obsolete and unportable. The command syntax is poorly defined. Consider using the killall, pkill, and pgrep commands instead. -The default signal for skill is TERM. Use -l or -L to list available signals. +The default signal for skill is TERM. Use \-l or \-L to list available signals. Particularly useful signals include HUP, INT, KILL, STOP, CONT, and 0. -Alternate signals may be specified in three ways: -9 -SIGKILL -KILL. +Alternate signals may be specified in three ways: \-9 \-SIGKILL \-KILL. The default priority for snice is +4. (snice +4 ...) -Priority numbers range from +20 (slowest) to -20 (fastest). +Priority numbers range from +20 (slowest) to \-20 (fastest). Negative priority numbers are restricted to administrative users. .SH "GENERAL OPTIONS" .TS -l l l. --f fast mode This is not currently useful. --i interactive use T{ -You will be asked to approve each action. -T} --v verbose output T{ -Display information about selected processes. -T} --w warnings enabled This is not currently useful. --n no action This only displays the process ID. --V show version Displays version of program. +lB l l. +\-f fast mode This is not currently useful. +\-i interactive use You will be asked to approve each action. +\-v verbose output Display information about selected processes. +\-w warnings enabled This is not currently useful. +\-n no action This only displays the process ID. +\-V show version Displays version of program. .TE .SH "PROCESS SELECTION OPTIONS" @@ -49,11 +50,11 @@ Selection criteria can be: terminal, user, pid, command. The options below may be used to ensure correct interpretation. Do not blame Albert for this interesting interface. .TS -l l. --t The next argument is a terminal (tty or pty). --u The next argument is a username. --p The next argument is a process ID number. --c The next argument is a command name. +lB l. +\-t The next argument is a terminal (tty or pty). +\-u The next argument is a username. +\-p The next argument is a process ID number. +\-c The next argument is a command name. .TE .SH SIGNALS @@ -63,7 +64,6 @@ When known, numbers and default behavior are shown. lB rB lB lB lfCW r l l. Name Num Action Description -.TH 0 0 n/a exit code indicates if a signal may be sent ALRM 14 exit HUP 1 exit @@ -104,15 +104,20 @@ XFSZ core core dump may fail lB lB lfCW l. Command Description -.TC snice seti crack +7 Slow down seti and crack -skill -KILL -v /dev/pts/* Kill users on new-style PTY devices -skill -STOP viro lm davem Stop 3 users -snice -17 root bash Give priority to root's shell +skill \-KILL \-v /dev/pts/* Kill users on new-style PTY devices +skill \-STOP viro lm davem Stop 3 users +snice \-17 root bash Give priority to root's shell .TE .SH "SEE ALSO" -killall(1) pkill(1) kill(1) renice(1) nice(1) signal(7) kill(2) +.BR killall (1), +.BR pkill (1), +.BR kill (1), +.BR renice (1), +.BR nice (1), +.BR kill (2), +.BR signal (7) .SH STANDARDS No standards apply. diff --git a/slabtop.1 b/slabtop.1 index 11f277e2..7e27980b 100644 --- a/slabtop.1 +++ b/slabtop.1 @@ -7,36 +7,39 @@ slabtop \- display kernel slab cache information in real time .SH SYNOPSIS -.BI "slabtop [ " options " ] " +.B slabtop +.RI [ options ] .SH DESCRIPTION -.BR slabtop (1) +.B slabtop displays detailed kernel slab cache information in real time. It displays a listing of the top caches sorted by one of the listed sort criteria. It also displays a statistics header filled with slab layer information. .SH OPTIONS Normal invocation of -.BR slabtop (1) +.B slabtop does not require any options. The behavior, however, can be fine-tuned by specifying one or more of the following flags: .TP -.B \-\^\-delay=n, \-d n -Refresh the display every n seconds. By default, -.BR slabtop (1) +.B \-\-delay=\fIn\fR, \fB\-d \fIn +Refresh the display every +.I n +in seconds. By default, +.B slabtop refreshes the display every three seconds. To exit the program, hit .BR q. .TP -.B \-\^\-sort=S, \-s S -Sort by S, where S is one of the sort criteria. +.B \-\-sort=\fIS\fR, \fB\-s\fR \fIS +Sort by \fIS\fR, where \fIS\fR is one of the sort criteria. .TP -.B \-\^\-once, \-o +.B \-\-once\fR, \fB\-o Display the output once and then exit. .TP -.B \-\^\-version, \-V +.B \-\-version\fR, \fB\-V Display version information and exit. .TP -.B \-\^\-help +.B \-\-help Display usage information and exit. .SH SORT CRITERIA @@ -78,7 +81,7 @@ sort by object size sort by cache utilization .SH COMMANDS -.BR slabtop (1) +.B slabtop accepts keyboard commands from the user during use. The following are supported. In the case of letters, both cases are accepted. @@ -94,7 +97,9 @@ Refresh the screen. Quit the program. .SH FILES -.IR /proc/slabinfo " \-\- slab information" +.TP +.I /proc/slabinfo +slab information .SH "SEE ALSO" .BR free (1), @@ -104,7 +109,7 @@ Quit the program. .SH NOTES Currently, -.BR slabtop (1) +.B slabtop requires a 2.4 or later kernel (specifically, a version 1.1 or later .IR /proc/slabinfo ). Kernel 2.2 should be supported in the future. @@ -116,7 +121,7 @@ file is tracking information about used slab physical memory. .SH AUTHORS Written by Chris Rivera and Robert Love. -.BR slabtop (1) +.B slabtop was inspired by Martin Bligh's perl script, .BR vmtop . The procps package is maintained by Albert Cahalan . diff --git a/sysctl.8 b/sysctl.8 index e26c4fba..3bb46d74 100644 --- a/sysctl.8 +++ b/sysctl.8 @@ -10,76 +10,108 @@ .SH NAME sysctl \- configure kernel parameters at runtime .SH SYNOPSIS -.B "sysctl [-n] [-e] variable ..." +.B sysctl +.RB [ \-n ] +.RB [ \-e ] +.I variable +\&... .br -.B "sysctl [-n] [-e] [-q] -w variable=value ..." +.B sysctl +.RB [ \-n ] +.RB [ \-e ] +.RB [ \-q ] +.B \-w +.IR variable = value +\&... .br -.B "sysctl [-n] [-e] [-q] -p " +.B sysctl +.RB [ \-n ] +.RB [ \-e ] +.RB [ \-q ] +.B \-p +.RI [ filename ] .br -.B "sysctl [-n] [-e] -a" +.B sysctl +.RB [ \-n ] +.RB [ \-e ] +.B \-a .br -.B "sysctl [-n] [-e] -A" +.B sysctl +.RB [ \-n ] +.RB [ \-e ] +.B \-A .SH DESCRIPTION .B sysctl is used to modify kernel parameters at runtime. The parameters available are those listed under /proc/sys/. Procfs is required for -.B sysctl(8) +.B sysctl support in Linux. You can use -.B sysctl(8) +.B sysctl to both read and write sysctl data. .SH PARAMETERS .TP -.B "variable" +.I variable The name of a key to read from. An example is kernel.ostype. The '/' separator is also accepted in place of a '.'. .TP -.B "variable=value" -To set a key, use the form variable=value, where variable is the key and -value is the value to set it to. If the value contains quotes or characters +.IR variable = value +To set a key, use the form +.IR variable = value +where +.I variable +is the key and +.I value +is the value to set it to. If the value contains quotes or characters which are parsed by the shell, you may need to enclose the value in double -quotes. This requires the -w parameter to use. +quotes. This requires the +.B \-w +parameter to use. .TP -.B "-n" +.B \-n Use this option to disable printing of the key name when printing values. .TP -.B "-e" +.B \-e Use this option to ignore errors about unknown keys. .TP -.B "-N" +.B \-N Use this option to only print the names. It may be useful with shells that have programmable completion. .TP -.B "-q" +.B \-q Use this option to not display the values set to stdout. .TP -.B "-w" +.B \-w Use this option when you want to change a sysctl setting. .TP -.B "-p" +.B \-p Load in sysctl settings from the file specified or /etc/sysctl.conf if none given. Specifying \- as filename means reading data from standard input. .TP -.B "-a" +.B \-a Display all values currently available. .TP -.B "-A" +.B \-A Display all values currently available in table form. .SH EXAMPLES -.TP -/sbin/sysctl -a -.TP -/sbin/sysctl -n kernel.hostname -.TP -/sbin/sysctl -w kernel.domainname="example.com" -.TP -/sbin/sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf +/sbin/sysctl \-a +.br +/sbin/sysctl \-n kernel.hostname +.br +/sbin/sysctl \-w kernel.domainname="example.com" +.br +/sbin/sysctl \-p /etc/sysctl.conf .SH FILES .I /proc/sys +.br .I /etc/sysctl.conf .SH SEE ALSO .BR sysctl.conf (5) .SH BUGS -The -A parameter behaves just as -a does. +The +.B \-A +parameter behaves just as +.B \-a +does. .SH AUTHOR George Staikos, diff --git a/tload.1 b/tload.1 index ef82b018..8ec8c430 100644 --- a/tload.1 +++ b/tload.1 @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ The .BI "\-d" " delay" option sets the time argument for an .BR alarm (2); -if -d 0 is specified, the alarm is set to 0, which will never send the +if \-d 0 is specified, the alarm is set to 0, which will never send the .B SIGALRM and update the display. diff --git a/uptime.1 b/uptime.1 index 3aae739f..a3da7c7c 100644 --- a/uptime.1 +++ b/uptime.1 @@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ uptime \- Tell how long the system has been running. .SH SYNOPSIS .B uptime .br -.BR uptime " [" "\-V" ] +.B uptime +.RB [ \-V ] .SH DESCRIPTION .B uptime gives a one line display of the following information. @@ -14,13 +15,25 @@ The current time, how long the system has been running, how many users are currently logged on, and the system load averages for the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes. -.sp + This is the same information contained in the header line displayed by .BR w (1). +.sp +System load averages is the average number of processes that are either +in a runnable or uninterruptable state. A process in a runnable state is +either using the CPU or waiting to use the CPU. A process in +uninterruptable state is waiting for some I/O access, eg waiting for +disk. The averages are taken over the three time intervals. +Load averages are not normalized for the number of CPUs in a system, so +a load average of 1 means a single CPU system is loaded all the time +while on a 4 CPU system it means it was idle 75% of the time. .SH FILES -.IR /var/run/utmp " information about who is currently logged on" -.br -.IR /proc " process information" +.TP +.I /var/run/utmp +information about who is currently logged on +.TP +.I /proc +process information .SH AUTHORS .B uptime was written by Larry Greenfield and diff --git a/vmstat.8 b/vmstat.8 index c059ec05..127704da 100644 --- a/vmstat.8 +++ b/vmstat.8 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ .\" This page Copyright (C) 1994 Henry Ware .\" Distributed under the GPL, Copyleft 1994. -.TH VMSTAT 8 "27 July 1994 " "Throatwobbler Ginkgo Labs" "Linux Administrator's Manual" +.TH VMSTAT 8 "2009 Jan 9" "Throatwobbler Ginkgo Labs" "Linux Administrator's Manual" .SH NAME vmstat \- Report virtual memory statistics .SH SYNOPSIS @@ -22,32 +22,35 @@ vmstat \- Report virtual memory statistics .RB [ "\-d"] .br .B vmstat +.RB [ "\-D"] +.br +.B vmstat .RB [ "\-p disk partition"] .br .B vmstat .RB [ "\-V" ] .SH DESCRIPTION \fBvmstat\fP reports information about processes, memory, paging, -block IO, traps, and cpu activity. +block IO, traps, disks and cpu activity. The first report produced gives averages since the last reboot. Additional reports give information on a sampling period of length \fIdelay\fP. The process and memory reports are instantaneous in either case. .SS Options -The \fB-a\fP switch displays active/inactive memory, given a 2.5.41 kernel or better. +The \fB\-a\fP switch displays active/inactive memory, given a 2.5.41 kernel or better. .PP -The \fB-f\fP switch displays the number of forks since boot. +The \fB\-f\fP switch displays the number of forks since boot. This includes the fork, vfork, and clone system calls, and is equivalent to the total number of tasks created. Each process is represented by one or more tasks, depending on thread usage. This display does not repeat. .PP -The \fB-m\fP displays slabinfo. +The \fB\-m\fP displays slabinfo. .PP -The \fB-n\fP switch causes the header to be displayed only once rather than periodically. +The \fB\-n\fP switch causes the header to be displayed only once rather than periodically. .PP -The \fB-s\fP switch displays a table of various event counters +The \fB\-s\fP switch displays a table of various event counters and memory statistics. This display does not repeat. .PP .I delay @@ -58,13 +61,15 @@ only one report is printed with the average values since boot. is the number of updates. If no count is specified and delay is defined, \fIcount\fP defaults to infinity. .PP -The \fB-d\fP reports disk statistics (2.5.70 or above required) +The \fB\-d\fP reports disk statistics (2.5.70 or above required) .PP -The \fB-p\fP followed by some partition name for detailed statistics (2.5.70 or above required) +The \fB-D\fP reports some summary statistics about disk activity. .PP -The \fB-S\fP followed by k or K or m or M switches outputs between 1000, 1024, 1000000, or 1048576 bytes +The \fB\-p\fP followed by some partition name for detailed statistics (2.5.70 or above required) .PP -The \fB-V\fP switch results in displaying version information. +The \fB\-S\fP followed by k or K or m or M switches outputs between 1000, 1024, 1000000, or 1048576 bytes +.PP +The \fB\-V\fP switch results in displaying version information. .PP .SH FIELD DESCRIPTION FOR VM MODE .SS @@ -81,8 +86,8 @@ swpd: the amount of virtual memory used. free: the amount of idle memory. buff: the amount of memory used as buffers. cache: the amount of memory used as cache. -inact: the amount of inactive memory. (-a option) -active: the amount of active memory. (-a option) +inact: the amount of inactive memory. (\-a option) +active: the amount of active memory. (\-a option) .fi .PP .SS @@ -104,18 +109,18 @@ bo: Blocks sent to a block device (blocks/s). .nf in: The number of interrupts per second, including the clock. cs: The number of context switches per second. -.if +.fi .PP .SS .B "CPU " These are percentages of total CPU time. .nf -us: Time spent running non-kernel code. (user time, including nice time) +us: Time spent running non\-kernel code. (user time, including nice time) sy: Time spent running kernel code. (system time) -id: Time spent idle. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, this includes IO-wait time. +id: Time spent idle. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, this includes IO\-wait time. wa: Time spent waiting for IO. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, included in idle. st: Time stolen from a virtual machine. Prior to Linux 2.6.11, unknown. - +.fi .PP .SH FIELD DESCRIPTION FOR DISK MODE .SS @@ -161,8 +166,6 @@ num: Number of currently active objects total: Total number of available objects size: Size of each object pages: Number of pages with at least one active object -totpages: Total number of allocated pages -pslab: Number of pages per slab .fi .SH NOTES @@ -188,7 +191,12 @@ vmstat uses slabinfo 1.1 FIXME .fi .SH "SEE ALSO" -iostat(1), sar(1), mpstat(1), ps(1), top(1), free(1) +.BR iostat (1), +.BR sar (1), +.BR mpstat (1), +.BR ps (1), +.BR top (1), +.BR free (1) .PP .SH BUGS Does not tabulate the block io per device or count the number of system calls. diff --git a/w.1 b/w.1 index d57a9b58..0238baf0 100644 --- a/w.1 +++ b/w.1 @@ -4,26 +4,26 @@ .SH NAME w \- Show who is logged on and what they are doing. .SH SYNOPSIS -.B w \- -.RB [ husfV ] +.B w +.RB [ \-husfV ] .RI [ user ] .SH DESCRIPTION -.B "w " +.B w displays information about the users currently on the machine, and their processes. The header shows, in this order, the current time, how long the system has been running, how many users are currently logged on, and the system load averages for the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes. -.sp + The following entries are displayed for each user: login name, the tty name, the remote host, login time, idle time, JCPU, PCPU, and the command line of their current process. -.sp + The JCPU time is the time used by all processes attached to the tty. It does not include past background jobs, but does include currently running background jobs. -.sp + The PCPU time is the time used by the current process, named in the "what" field. @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Don't print the header. .TP 0.5i .B "\-u " Ignores the username while figuring out the current process and cpu -times. To demonstrate this, do a "su" and do a "w" and a "w -u". +times. To demonstrate this, do a "su" and do a "w" and a "w \-u". .TP 0.5i .B "\-s " Use the short format. diff --git a/watch.1 b/watch.1 index 41323f45..16167942 100644 --- a/watch.1 +++ b/watch.1 @@ -1,45 +1,54 @@ -.TH WATCH 1 "1999 Apr 3" " " "Linux User's Manual" +.TH WATCH 1 "2009 May 11" " " "Linux User's Manual" .SH NAME watch \- execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen .SH SYNOPSIS +.na .B watch -.I [\-dhvt] [\-n ] [\-\-differences[=cumulative]] [\-\-help] [\-\-interval=] [\-\-no\-title] [\-\-version] +.RB [ \-dhvt ] +.RB [ \-n +.IR seconds ] +.RB [ \-\-differences[=\fIcumulative\fP]] +.RB [ \-\-help ] +.RB [ \-\-interval=\fIseconds\fP] +.RB [ \-\-no\-title ] +.RB [ \-\-version ] +.I command .SH DESCRIPTION -.BR watch +.B watch runs .I command repeatedly, displaying its output (the first screenfull). This allows you to watch the program output change over time. By default, the program is run every 2 seconds; use -.I -n +.B \-n or -.I --interval +.B \-\-interval to specify a different interval. .PP The -.I -d +.B \-d or -.I --differences -flag will highlight the differences between successive updates. The -.I --cumulative -option makes highlighting "sticky", presenting a running display of all +.B \-\-differences +flag will highlight the differences between successive updates. Using +.B \-\-differences=\fIcumulative\fP +makes highlighting "sticky", presenting a running display of all positions that have ever changed. The -.I -t +.B \-t or -.I --no-title +.B \-\-no\-title option turns off the header showing the interval, command, and current time at the top of the display, as well as the following blank line. .PP -.BR watch +.B watch will run until interrupted. .SH NOTE Note that .I command -is given to "sh -c" +is given to "sh \-c" which means that you may need to use extra quoting to get the desired effect. .PP Note that POSIX option processing is used (i.e., option processing stops at -the first non-option argument). This means that flags after +the first non\-option argument). This means that flags after .I command don't get interpreted by .BR watch @@ -61,20 +70,20 @@ watch \-d 'ls \-l | fgrep joe' To see the effects of quoting, try these out .IP watch echo $$ -.IP +.br watch echo '$$' -.IP +.br watch echo "'"'$$'"'" .PP You can watch for your administrator to install the latest kernel with .IP -watch uname -r +watch uname \-r .PP (Just kidding.) .SH BUGS Upon terminal resize, the screen will not be correctly repainted until the next scheduled update. All -.I --differences +.B \-\-differences highlighting is lost on that update as well. .PP Non-printing characters are stripped from program output. Use "cat -v" as