/* * Copyright (c) 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh * Copyright (c) 1996 - 2000, Marek Michałkiewicz * Copyright (c) 2000 - 2006, Tomasz Kłoczko * Copyright (c) 2007 - 2012, Nicolas François * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. The name of the copyright holders or contributors may not be used to * endorse or promote products derived from this software without * specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A * PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT * HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. */ #include #ident "$Id$" #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID #ifdef USE_PAM #include "pam_defs.h" #endif /* USE_PAM */ #endif /* ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "chkname.h" #include "defines.h" #include "faillog.h" #include "getdef.h" #include "groupio.h" #include "nscd.h" #include "sssd.h" #include "prototypes.h" #include "pwauth.h" #include "pwio.h" #include "run_part.h" #ifdef SHADOWGRP #include "sgroupio.h" #endif #include "shadowio.h" #ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS #include "subordinateio.h" #endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */ #ifdef WITH_TCB #include "tcbfuncs.h" #endif #ifndef SKEL_DIR #define SKEL_DIR "/etc/skel" #endif #ifndef USER_DEFAULTS_FILE #define USER_DEFAULTS_FILE "/etc/default/useradd" #define NEW_USER_FILE "/etc/default/nuaddXXXXXX" #endif /* * Needed for MkLinux DR1/2/2.1 - J. */ #ifndef LASTLOG_FILE #define LASTLOG_FILE "/var/log/lastlog" #endif /* * Global variables */ const char *Prog; /* * These defaults are used if there is no defaults file. */ static gid_t def_group = 100; static const char *def_gname = "other"; static const char *def_home = "/home"; static const char *def_shell = ""; static const char *def_template = SKEL_DIR; static const char *def_create_mail_spool = "no"; static long def_inactive = -1; static const char *def_expire = ""; #define VALID(s) (strcspn (s, ":\n") == strlen (s)) static const char *user_name = ""; static const char *user_pass = "!"; static uid_t user_id; static gid_t user_gid; static const char *user_comment = ""; static const char *user_home = ""; static const char *user_shell = ""; static const char *create_mail_spool = ""; static const char *prefix = ""; static const char *prefix_user_home = NULL; #ifdef WITH_SELINUX static /*@notnull@*/const char *user_selinux = ""; #endif /* WITH_SELINUX */ static long user_expire = -1; static bool is_shadow_pwd; #ifdef SHADOWGRP static bool is_shadow_grp; static bool sgr_locked = false; #endif #ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS static bool is_sub_uid = false; static bool is_sub_gid = false; static bool sub_uid_locked = false; static bool sub_gid_locked = false; static uid_t sub_uid_start; /* New subordinate uid range */ static unsigned long sub_uid_count; static gid_t sub_gid_start; /* New subordinate gid range */ static unsigned long sub_gid_count; #endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */ static bool pw_locked = false; static bool gr_locked = false; static bool spw_locked = false; static char **user_groups; /* NULL-terminated list */ static long sys_ngroups; static bool do_grp_update = false; /* group files need to be updated */ extern int allow_bad_names; static bool bflg = false, /* new default root of home directory */ cflg = false, /* comment (GECOS) field for new account */ dflg = false, /* home directory for new account */ Dflg = false, /* set/show new user default values */ eflg = false, /* days since 1970-01-01 when account is locked */ fflg = false, /* days until account with expired password is locked */ gflg = false, /* primary group ID for new account */ Gflg = false, /* secondary group set for new account */ kflg = false, /* specify a directory to fill new user directory */ lflg = false, /* do not add user to lastlog/faillog databases */ mflg = false, /* create user's home directory if it doesn't exist */ Mflg = false, /* do not create user's home directory even if CREATE_HOME is set */ Nflg = false, /* do not create a group having the same name as the user, but add the user to def_group (or the group specified with -g) */ oflg = false, /* permit non-unique user ID to be specified with -u */ rflg = false, /* create a system account */ sflg = false, /* shell program for new account */ subvolflg = false, /* create subvolume home on BTRFS */ uflg = false, /* specify user ID for new account */ Uflg = false; /* create a group having the same name as the user */ #ifdef WITH_SELINUX #define Zflg ('\0' != *user_selinux) #endif /* WITH_SELINUX */ static bool home_added = false; /* * exit status values */ /*@-exitarg@*/ #define E_SUCCESS 0 /* success */ #define E_PW_UPDATE 1 /* can't update password file */ #define E_USAGE 2 /* invalid command syntax */ #define E_BAD_ARG 3 /* invalid argument to option */ #define E_UID_IN_USE 4 /* UID already in use (and no -o) */ #define E_NOTFOUND 6 /* specified group doesn't exist */ #define E_NAME_IN_USE 9 /* username already in use */ #define E_GRP_UPDATE 10 /* can't update group file */ #define E_HOMEDIR 12 /* can't create home directory */ #define E_MAILBOXFILE 13 /* can't create mailbox file */ #define E_SE_UPDATE 14 /* can't update SELinux user mapping */ #ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS #define E_SUB_UID_UPDATE 16 /* can't update the subordinate uid file */ #define E_SUB_GID_UPDATE 18 /* can't update the subordinate gid file */ #endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */ #define DGROUP "GROUP=" #define DHOME "HOME=" #define DSHELL "SHELL=" #define DINACT "INACTIVE=" #define DEXPIRE "EXPIRE=" #define DSKEL "SKEL=" #define DCREATE_MAIL_SPOOL "CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=" /* local function prototypes */ static void fail_exit (int); static void get_defaults (void); static void show_defaults (void); static int set_defaults (void); static int get_groups (char *); static struct group * get_local_group (char * grp_name); static void usage (int status); static void new_pwent (struct passwd *); static long scale_age (long); static void new_spent (struct spwd *); static void grp_update (void); static void process_flags (int argc, char **argv); static void close_files (void); static void close_group_files (void); static void unlock_group_files (void); static void open_files (void); static void open_group_files (void); static void open_shadow (void); static void faillog_reset (uid_t); static void lastlog_reset (uid_t); static void tallylog_reset (const char *); static void usr_update (void); static void create_home (void); static void create_mail (void); static void check_uid_range(int rflg, uid_t user_id); /* * fail_exit - undo as much as possible */ static void fail_exit (int code) { if (home_added) { if (rmdir (prefix_user_home) != 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: %s was created, but could not be removed\n"), Prog, prefix_user_home); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to remove %s", prefix_user_home)); } } if (spw_locked) { if (spw_unlock () == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, spw_dbname ()); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", spw_dbname ())); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "unlocking shadow file", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif /* continue */ } } if (pw_locked) { if (pw_unlock () == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, pw_dbname ()); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", pw_dbname ())); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "unlocking passwd file", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif /* continue */ } } if (gr_locked) { if (gr_unlock () == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, gr_dbname ()); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", gr_dbname ())); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "unlocking group file", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif /* continue */ } } #ifdef SHADOWGRP if (sgr_locked) { if (sgr_unlock () == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sgr_dbname ()); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sgr_dbname ())); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "unlocking gshadow file", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif /* continue */ } } #endif #ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS if (sub_uid_locked) { if (sub_uid_unlock () == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sub_uid_dbname ()); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sub_uid_dbname ())); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "unlocking subordinate user file", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif /* continue */ } } if (sub_gid_locked) { if (sub_gid_unlock () == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sub_gid_dbname ()); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sub_gid_dbname ())); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "unlocking subordinate group file", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif /* continue */ } } #endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */ #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "adding user", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO, "failed adding user '%s', data deleted", user_name)); exit (code); } #define MATCH(x,y) (strncmp((x),(y),strlen(y)) == 0) /* * get_defaults - read the defaults file * * get_defaults() reads the defaults file for this command. It sets the * various values from the file, or uses built-in default values if the * file does not exist. */ static void get_defaults (void) { FILE *fp; char *default_file = USER_DEFAULTS_FILE; char buf[1024]; char *cp; if(prefix[0]) { size_t len; int wlen; len = strlen(prefix) + strlen(USER_DEFAULTS_FILE) + 2; default_file = malloc(len); if (default_file == NULL) return; wlen = snprintf(default_file, len, "%s/%s", prefix, USER_DEFAULTS_FILE); assert (wlen == (int) len -1); } /* * Open the defaults file for reading. */ fp = fopen (default_file, "r"); if (NULL == fp) { goto getdef_err; } /* * Read the file a line at a time. Only the lines that have relevant * values are used, everything else can be ignored. */ while (fgets (buf, (int) sizeof buf, fp) == buf) { cp = strrchr (buf, '\n'); if (NULL != cp) { *cp = '\0'; } cp = strchr (buf, '='); if (NULL == cp) { continue; } cp++; /* * Primary GROUP identifier */ if (MATCH (buf, DGROUP)) { const struct group *grp = prefix_getgr_nam_gid (cp); if (NULL == grp) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: group '%s' does not exist\n"), Prog, cp); fprintf (stderr, _("%s: the %s configuration in %s will be ignored\n"), Prog, DGROUP, default_file); } else { def_group = grp->gr_gid; def_gname = xstrdup (grp->gr_name); } } /* * Default HOME filesystem */ else if (MATCH (buf, DHOME)) { def_home = xstrdup (cp); } /* * Default Login Shell command */ else if (MATCH (buf, DSHELL)) { def_shell = xstrdup (cp); } /* * Default Password Inactive value */ else if (MATCH (buf, DINACT)) { if ( (getlong (cp, &def_inactive) == 0) || (def_inactive < -1)) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: invalid numeric argument '%s'\n"), Prog, cp); fprintf (stderr, _("%s: the %s configuration in %s will be ignored\n"), Prog, DINACT, default_file); def_inactive = -1; } } /* * Default account expiration date */ else if (MATCH (buf, DEXPIRE)) { def_expire = xstrdup (cp); } /* * Default Skeleton information */ else if (MATCH (buf, DSKEL)) { if ('\0' == *cp) { cp = SKEL_DIR; /* XXX warning: const */ } if(prefix[0]) { size_t len; int wlen; char* _def_template; /* avoid const warning */ len = strlen(prefix) + strlen(cp) + 2; _def_template = xmalloc(len); wlen = snprintf(_def_template, len, "%s/%s", prefix, cp); assert (wlen == (int) len -1); def_template = _def_template; } else { def_template = xstrdup (cp); } } /* * Create by default user mail spool or not ? */ else if (MATCH (buf, DCREATE_MAIL_SPOOL)) { if (*cp == '\0') { cp = "no"; /* XXX warning: const */ } def_create_mail_spool = xstrdup (cp); } } (void) fclose (fp); getdef_err: if(prefix[0]) { free(default_file); } } /* * show_defaults - show the contents of the defaults file * * show_defaults() displays the values that are used from the default * file and the built-in values. */ static void show_defaults (void) { printf ("GROUP=%u\n", (unsigned int) def_group); printf ("HOME=%s\n", def_home); printf ("INACTIVE=%ld\n", def_inactive); printf ("EXPIRE=%s\n", def_expire); printf ("SHELL=%s\n", def_shell); printf ("SKEL=%s\n", def_template); printf ("CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=%s\n", def_create_mail_spool); } /* * set_defaults - write new defaults file * * set_defaults() re-writes the defaults file using the values that * are currently set. Duplicated lines are pruned, missing lines are * added, and unrecognized lines are copied as is. */ static int set_defaults (void) { FILE *ifp; FILE *ofp; char buf[1024]; char *new_file = NULL; char *default_file = USER_DEFAULTS_FILE; char *cp; int ofd; int wlen; bool out_group = false; bool out_home = false; bool out_inactive = false; bool out_expire = false; bool out_shell = false; bool out_skel = false; bool out_create_mail_spool = false; size_t len; int ret = -1; len = strlen(prefix) + strlen(NEW_USER_FILE) + 2; new_file = malloc(len); if (new_file == NULL) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot create new defaults file: %s\n"), Prog, strerror(errno)); return -1; } wlen = snprintf(new_file, len, "%s%s%s", prefix, prefix[0]?"/":"", NEW_USER_FILE); assert (wlen <= (int) len -1); if(prefix[0]) { len = strlen(prefix) + strlen(USER_DEFAULTS_FILE) + 2; default_file = malloc(len); if (default_file == NULL) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot create new defaults file: %s\n"), Prog, strerror(errno)); goto setdef_err; } wlen = snprintf(default_file, len, "%s/%s", prefix, USER_DEFAULTS_FILE); assert (wlen == (int) len -1); } /* * Create a temporary file to copy the new output to. */ ofd = mkstemp (new_file); if (-1 == ofd) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot create new defaults file\n"), Prog); goto setdef_err; } ofp = fdopen (ofd, "w"); if (NULL == ofp) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot open new defaults file\n"), Prog); goto setdef_err; } /* * Open the existing defaults file and copy the lines to the * temporary file, using any new values. Each line is checked * to insure that it is not output more than once. */ ifp = fopen (default_file, "r"); if (NULL == ifp) { fprintf (ofp, "# useradd defaults file\n"); goto skip; } while (fgets (buf, (int) sizeof buf, ifp) == buf) { cp = strrchr (buf, '\n'); if (NULL != cp) { *cp = '\0'; } else { /* A line which does not end with \n is only valid * at the end of the file. */ if (feof (ifp) == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: line too long in %s: %s..."), Prog, default_file, buf); (void) fclose (ifp); goto setdef_err; } } if (!out_group && MATCH (buf, DGROUP)) { fprintf (ofp, DGROUP "%u\n", (unsigned int) def_group); out_group = true; } else if (!out_home && MATCH (buf, DHOME)) { fprintf (ofp, DHOME "%s\n", def_home); out_home = true; } else if (!out_inactive && MATCH (buf, DINACT)) { fprintf (ofp, DINACT "%ld\n", def_inactive); out_inactive = true; } else if (!out_expire && MATCH (buf, DEXPIRE)) { fprintf (ofp, DEXPIRE "%s\n", def_expire); out_expire = true; } else if (!out_shell && MATCH (buf, DSHELL)) { fprintf (ofp, DSHELL "%s\n", def_shell); out_shell = true; } else if (!out_skel && MATCH (buf, DSKEL)) { fprintf (ofp, DSKEL "%s\n", def_template); out_skel = true; } else if (!out_create_mail_spool && MATCH (buf, DCREATE_MAIL_SPOOL)) { fprintf (ofp, DCREATE_MAIL_SPOOL "%s\n", def_create_mail_spool); out_create_mail_spool = true; } else fprintf (ofp, "%s\n", buf); } (void) fclose (ifp); skip: /* * Check each line to insure that every line was output. This * causes new values to be added to a file which did not previously * have an entry for that value. */ if (!out_group) fprintf (ofp, DGROUP "%u\n", (unsigned int) def_group); if (!out_home) fprintf (ofp, DHOME "%s\n", def_home); if (!out_inactive) fprintf (ofp, DINACT "%ld\n", def_inactive); if (!out_expire) fprintf (ofp, DEXPIRE "%s\n", def_expire); if (!out_shell) fprintf (ofp, DSHELL "%s\n", def_shell); if (!out_skel) fprintf (ofp, DSKEL "%s\n", def_template); if (!out_create_mail_spool) fprintf (ofp, DCREATE_MAIL_SPOOL "%s\n", def_create_mail_spool); /* * Flush and close the file. Check for errors to make certain * the new file is intact. */ (void) fflush (ofp); if ( (ferror (ofp) != 0) || (fsync (fileno (ofp)) != 0) || (fclose (ofp) != 0)) { unlink (new_file); goto setdef_err; } /* * Rename the current default file to its backup name. */ wlen = snprintf (buf, sizeof buf, "%s-", default_file); assert (wlen < (int) sizeof buf); unlink (buf); if ((link (default_file, buf) != 0) && (ENOENT != errno)) { int err = errno; fprintf (stderr, _("%s: Cannot create backup file (%s): %s\n"), Prog, buf, strerror (err)); unlink (new_file); goto setdef_err; } /* * Rename the new default file to its correct name. */ if (rename (new_file, default_file) != 0) { int err = errno; fprintf (stderr, _("%s: rename: %s: %s\n"), Prog, new_file, strerror (err)); goto setdef_err; } #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_USYS_CONFIG, Prog, "changing useradd defaults", NULL, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS); #endif SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO, "useradd defaults: GROUP=%u, HOME=%s, SHELL=%s, INACTIVE=%ld, " "EXPIRE=%s, SKEL=%s, CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=%s", (unsigned int) def_group, def_home, def_shell, def_inactive, def_expire, def_template, def_create_mail_spool)); ret = 0; setdef_err: free(new_file); if(prefix[0]) { free(default_file); } return ret; } /* * get_groups - convert a list of group names to an array of group IDs * * get_groups() takes a comma-separated list of group names and * converts it to a NULL-terminated array. Any unknown group * names are reported as errors. */ static int get_groups (char *list) { char *cp; struct group *grp; int errors = 0; int ngroups = 0; if ('\0' == *list) { return 0; } /* * Open the group files */ open_group_files (); /* * So long as there is some data to be converted, strip off * each name and look it up. A mix of numerical and string * values for group identifiers is permitted. */ do { /* * Strip off a single name from the list */ cp = strchr (list, ','); if (NULL != cp) { *cp++ = '\0'; } /* * Names starting with digits are treated as numerical * GID values, otherwise the string is looked up as is. */ grp = get_local_group (list); /* * There must be a match, either by GID value or by * string name. * FIXME: It should exist according to gr_locate, * otherwise, we can't change its members */ if (NULL == grp) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: group '%s' does not exist\n"), Prog, list); errors++; } list = cp; /* * If the group doesn't exist, don't dump core... * Instead, try the next one. --marekm */ if (NULL == grp) { continue; } #ifdef USE_NIS /* * Don't add this group if they are an NIS group. Tell * the user to go to the server for this group. */ if (__isgrNIS ()) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: group '%s' is a NIS group.\n"), Prog, grp->gr_name); continue; } #endif if (ngroups == sys_ngroups) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: too many groups specified (max %d).\n"), Prog, ngroups); break; } /* * Add the group name to the user's list of groups. */ user_groups[ngroups++] = xstrdup (grp->gr_name); free (grp); } while (NULL != list); close_group_files (); unlock_group_files (); user_groups[ngroups] = (char *) 0; /* * Any errors in finding group names are fatal */ if (0 != errors) { return -1; } return 0; } /* * get_local_group - checks if a given group name exists locally * * get_local_group() checks if a given group name exists locally. * If the name exists the group information is returned, otherwise NULL is * returned. */ static struct group * get_local_group(char * grp_name) { const struct group *grp; struct group *result_grp = NULL; long long int gid; char *endptr; gid = strtoll (grp_name, &endptr, 10); if ( ('\0' != *grp_name) && ('\0' == *endptr) && (ERANGE != errno) && (gid == (gid_t)gid)) { grp = gr_locate_gid ((gid_t) gid); } else { grp = gr_locate(grp_name); } if (grp != NULL) { result_grp = __gr_dup (grp); if (NULL == result_grp) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: Out of memory. Cannot find group '%s'.\n"), Prog, grp_name); fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE); } } return result_grp; } /* * usage - display usage message and exit */ static void usage (int status) { FILE *usageout = (E_SUCCESS != status) ? stderr : stdout; (void) fprintf (usageout, _("Usage: %s [options] LOGIN\n" " %s -D\n" " %s -D [options]\n" "\n" "Options:\n"), Prog, Prog, Prog); (void) fputs (_(" --badnames do not check for bad names\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -b, --base-dir BASE_DIR base directory for the home directory of the\n" " new account\n"), usageout); #ifdef WITH_BTRFS (void) fputs (_(" --btrfs-subvolume-home use BTRFS subvolume for home directory\n"), usageout); #endif (void) fputs (_(" -c, --comment COMMENT GECOS field of the new account\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -d, --home-dir HOME_DIR home directory of the new account\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -D, --defaults print or change default useradd configuration\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE expiration date of the new account\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -f, --inactive INACTIVE password inactivity period of the new account\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -g, --gid GROUP name or ID of the primary group of the new\n" " account\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -G, --groups GROUPS list of supplementary groups of the new\n" " account\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -h, --help display this help message and exit\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -k, --skel SKEL_DIR use this alternative skeleton directory\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -K, --key KEY=VALUE override /etc/login.defs defaults\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -l, --no-log-init do not add the user to the lastlog and\n" " faillog databases\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -m, --create-home create the user's home directory\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -M, --no-create-home do not create the user's home directory\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -N, --no-user-group do not create a group with the same name as\n" " the user\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -o, --non-unique allow to create users with duplicate\n" " (non-unique) UID\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -p, --password PASSWORD encrypted password of the new account\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -r, --system create a system account\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -R, --root CHROOT_DIR directory to chroot into\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -P, --prefix PREFIX_DIR prefix directory where are located the /etc/* files\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -s, --shell SHELL login shell of the new account\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -u, --uid UID user ID of the new account\n"), usageout); (void) fputs (_(" -U, --user-group create a group with the same name as the user\n"), usageout); #ifdef WITH_SELINUX (void) fputs (_(" -Z, --selinux-user SEUSER use a specific SEUSER for the SELinux user mapping\n"), usageout); #endif /* WITH_SELINUX */ (void) fputs ("\n", usageout); exit (status); } /* * new_pwent - initialize the values in a password file entry * * new_pwent() takes all of the values that have been entered and * fills in a (struct passwd) with them. */ static void new_pwent (struct passwd *pwent) { memzero (pwent, sizeof *pwent); pwent->pw_name = (char *) user_name; if (is_shadow_pwd) { pwent->pw_passwd = (char *) SHADOW_PASSWD_STRING; } else { pwent->pw_passwd = (char *) user_pass; } pwent->pw_uid = user_id; pwent->pw_gid = user_gid; pwent->pw_gecos = (char *) user_comment; pwent->pw_dir = (char *) user_home; pwent->pw_shell = (char *) user_shell; } static long scale_age (long x) { if (x <= 0) { return x; } return x * (DAY / SCALE); } /* * new_spent - initialize the values in a shadow password file entry * * new_spent() takes all of the values that have been entered and * fills in a (struct spwd) with them. */ static void new_spent (struct spwd *spent) { memzero (spent, sizeof *spent); spent->sp_namp = (char *) user_name; spent->sp_pwdp = (char *) user_pass; spent->sp_lstchg = (long) gettime () / SCALE; if (0 == spent->sp_lstchg) { /* Better disable aging than requiring a password change */ spent->sp_lstchg = -1; } if (!rflg) { spent->sp_min = scale_age (getdef_num ("PASS_MIN_DAYS", -1)); spent->sp_max = scale_age (getdef_num ("PASS_MAX_DAYS", -1)); spent->sp_warn = scale_age (getdef_num ("PASS_WARN_AGE", -1)); spent->sp_inact = scale_age (def_inactive); spent->sp_expire = scale_age (user_expire); } else { spent->sp_min = -1; spent->sp_max = -1; spent->sp_warn = -1; spent->sp_inact = -1; spent->sp_expire = -1; } spent->sp_flag = SHADOW_SP_FLAG_UNSET; } /* * grp_update - add user to secondary group set * * grp_update() takes the secondary group set given in user_groups * and adds the user to each group given by that set. * * The group files are opened and locked in open_files(). * * close_files() should be called afterwards to commit the changes * and unlocking the group files. */ static void grp_update (void) { const struct group *grp; struct group *ngrp; #ifdef SHADOWGRP const struct sgrp *sgrp; struct sgrp *nsgrp; #endif /* * Scan through the entire group file looking for the groups that * the user is a member of. * FIXME: we currently do not check that all groups of user_groups * were completed with the new user. */ for (gr_rewind (), grp = gr_next (); NULL != grp; grp = gr_next ()) { /* * See if the user specified this group as one of their * concurrent groups. */ if (!is_on_list (user_groups, grp->gr_name)) { continue; } /* * Make a copy - gr_update() will free() everything * from the old entry, and we need it later. */ ngrp = __gr_dup (grp); if (NULL == ngrp) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: Out of memory. Cannot update %s.\n"), Prog, gr_dbname ()); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'", gr_dbname (), user_name)); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "adding user to group", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE); /* XXX */ } /* * Add the username to the list of group members and * update the group entry to reflect the change. */ ngrp->gr_mem = add_list (ngrp->gr_mem, user_name); if (gr_update (ngrp) == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"), Prog, gr_dbname (), ngrp->gr_name); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'", gr_dbname (), user_name)); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "adding user to group", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE); } #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "adding user to group", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS); #endif SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO, "add '%s' to group '%s'", user_name, ngrp->gr_name)); } #ifdef SHADOWGRP if (!is_shadow_grp) return; /* * Scan through the entire shadow group file looking for the groups * that the user is a member of. The administrative list isn't * modified. */ for (sgr_rewind (), sgrp = sgr_next (); NULL != sgrp; sgrp = sgr_next ()) { /* * See if the user specified this group as one of their * concurrent groups. * FIXME: is it really needed? * This would be important only if the group is in * user_groups. All these groups should be checked * for existence with gr_locate already. */ if (gr_locate (sgrp->sg_name) == NULL) { continue; } if (!is_on_list (user_groups, sgrp->sg_name)) { continue; } /* * Make a copy - sgr_update() will free() everything * from the old entry, and we need it later. */ nsgrp = __sgr_dup (sgrp); if (NULL == nsgrp) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: Out of memory. Cannot update %s.\n"), Prog, sgr_dbname ()); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'", sgr_dbname (), user_name)); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "adding user to shadow group", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE); /* XXX */ } /* * Add the username to the list of group members and * update the group entry to reflect the change. */ nsgrp->sg_mem = add_list (nsgrp->sg_mem, user_name); if (sgr_update (nsgrp) == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"), Prog, sgr_dbname (), nsgrp->sg_name); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'", sgr_dbname (), user_name)); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "adding user to shadow group", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE); } #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "adding user to shadow group", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS); #endif SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO, "add '%s' to shadow group '%s'", user_name, nsgrp->sg_name)); } #endif /* SHADOWGRP */ } /* * process_flags - perform command line argument setting * * process_flags() interprets the command line arguments and sets * the values that the user will be created with accordingly. The * values are checked for sanity. */ static void process_flags (int argc, char **argv) { const struct group *grp; bool anyflag = false; char *cp; struct stat st; { /* * Parse the command line options. */ int c; static struct option long_options[] = { {"base-dir", required_argument, NULL, 'b'}, #ifdef WITH_BTRFS {"btrfs-subvolume-home", no_argument, NULL, 200}, #endif {"badnames", no_argument, NULL, 201}, {"comment", required_argument, NULL, 'c'}, {"home-dir", required_argument, NULL, 'd'}, {"defaults", no_argument, NULL, 'D'}, {"expiredate", required_argument, NULL, 'e'}, {"inactive", required_argument, NULL, 'f'}, {"gid", required_argument, NULL, 'g'}, {"groups", required_argument, NULL, 'G'}, {"help", no_argument, NULL, 'h'}, {"skel", required_argument, NULL, 'k'}, {"key", required_argument, NULL, 'K'}, {"no-log-init", no_argument, NULL, 'l'}, {"create-home", no_argument, NULL, 'm'}, {"no-create-home", no_argument, NULL, 'M'}, {"no-user-group", no_argument, NULL, 'N'}, {"non-unique", no_argument, NULL, 'o'}, {"password", required_argument, NULL, 'p'}, {"system", no_argument, NULL, 'r'}, {"root", required_argument, NULL, 'R'}, {"prefix", required_argument, NULL, 'P'}, {"shell", required_argument, NULL, 's'}, {"uid", required_argument, NULL, 'u'}, {"user-group", no_argument, NULL, 'U'}, #ifdef WITH_SELINUX {"selinux-user", required_argument, NULL, 'Z'}, #endif /* WITH_SELINUX */ {NULL, 0, NULL, '\0'} }; while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv, #ifdef WITH_SELINUX "b:c:d:De:f:g:G:hk:K:lmMNop:rR:P:s:u:UZ:", #else /* !WITH_SELINUX */ "b:c:d:De:f:g:G:hk:K:lmMNop:rR:P:s:u:U", #endif /* !WITH_SELINUX */ long_options, NULL)) != -1) { switch (c) { case 'b': if ( ( !VALID (optarg) ) || ( optarg[0] != '/' )) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: invalid base directory '%s'\n"), Prog, optarg); exit (E_BAD_ARG); } def_home = optarg; bflg = true; break; case 200: subvolflg = true; break; case 201: allow_bad_names = true; break; case 'c': if (!VALID (optarg)) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: invalid comment '%s'\n"), Prog, optarg); exit (E_BAD_ARG); } user_comment = optarg; cflg = true; break; case 'd': if ( ( !VALID (optarg) ) || ( optarg[0] != '/' )) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: invalid home directory '%s'\n"), Prog, optarg); exit (E_BAD_ARG); } user_home = optarg; dflg = true; break; case 'D': if (anyflag) { usage (E_USAGE); } Dflg = true; break; case 'e': if ('\0' != *optarg) { user_expire = strtoday (optarg); if (user_expire < -1) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: invalid date '%s'\n"), Prog, optarg); exit (E_BAD_ARG); } } else { user_expire = -1; } /* * -e "" is allowed without /etc/shadow * (it's a no-op in such case) */ if ((-1 != user_expire) && !is_shadow_pwd) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: shadow passwords required for -e\n"), Prog); exit (E_USAGE); } if (Dflg) { def_expire = optarg; } eflg = true; break; case 'f': if ( (getlong (optarg, &def_inactive) == 0) || (def_inactive < -1)) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: invalid numeric argument '%s'\n"), Prog, optarg); exit (E_BAD_ARG); } /* * -f -1 is allowed * it's a no-op without /etc/shadow */ if ((-1 != def_inactive) && !is_shadow_pwd) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: shadow passwords required for -f\n"), Prog); exit (E_USAGE); } fflg = true; break; case 'g': grp = prefix_getgr_nam_gid (optarg); if (NULL == grp) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: group '%s' does not exist\n"), Prog, optarg); exit (E_NOTFOUND); } if (Dflg) { def_group = grp->gr_gid; def_gname = optarg; } else { user_gid = grp->gr_gid; } gflg = true; break; case 'G': if (get_groups (optarg) != 0) { exit (E_NOTFOUND); } if (NULL != user_groups[0]) { do_grp_update = true; } Gflg = true; break; case 'h': usage (E_SUCCESS); break; case 'k': def_template = optarg; kflg = true; break; case 'K': /* * override login.defs defaults (-K name=value) * example: -K UID_MIN=100 -K UID_MAX=499 * note: -K UID_MIN=10,UID_MAX=499 doesn't work yet */ cp = strchr (optarg, '='); if (NULL == cp) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: -K requires KEY=VALUE\n"), Prog); exit (E_BAD_ARG); } /* terminate name, point to value */ *cp = '\0'; cp++; if (putdef_str (optarg, cp) < 0) { exit (E_BAD_ARG); } break; case 'l': lflg = true; break; case 'm': mflg = true; break; case 'M': Mflg = true; break; case 'N': Nflg = true; break; case 'o': oflg = true; break; case 'p': /* set encrypted password */ if (!VALID (optarg)) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: invalid field '%s'\n"), Prog, optarg); exit (E_BAD_ARG); } user_pass = optarg; break; case 'r': rflg = true; break; case 'R': /* no-op, handled in process_root_flag () */ break; case 'P': /* no-op, handled in process_prefix_flag () */ break; case 's': if ( ( !VALID (optarg) ) || ( ('\0' != optarg[0]) && ('/' != optarg[0]) && ('*' != optarg[0]) )) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: invalid shell '%s'\n"), Prog, optarg); exit (E_BAD_ARG); } if ( '\0' != optarg[0] && '*' != optarg[0] && strcmp(optarg, "/sbin/nologin") != 0 && ( stat(optarg, &st) != 0 || S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) || access(optarg, X_OK) != 0)) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: Warning: missing or non-executable shell '%s'\n"), Prog, optarg); } user_shell = optarg; def_shell = optarg; sflg = true; break; case 'u': if ( (get_uid (optarg, &user_id) == 0) || (user_id == (gid_t)-1)) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: invalid user ID '%s'\n"), Prog, optarg); exit (E_BAD_ARG); } uflg = true; break; case 'U': Uflg = true; break; #ifdef WITH_SELINUX case 'Z': if (prefix[0]) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: -Z cannot be used with --prefix\n"), Prog); exit (E_BAD_ARG); } if (is_selinux_enabled () > 0) { user_selinux = optarg; } else { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: -Z requires SELinux enabled kernel\n"), Prog); exit (E_BAD_ARG); } break; #endif /* WITH_SELINUX */ default: usage (E_USAGE); } anyflag = true; } } if (!gflg && !Nflg && !Uflg) { /* Get the settings from login.defs */ Uflg = getdef_bool ("USERGROUPS_ENAB"); } /* * Certain options are only valid in combination with others. * Check it here so that they can be specified in any order. */ if (oflg && !uflg) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: %s flag is only allowed with the %s flag\n"), Prog, "-o", "-u"); usage (E_USAGE); } if (kflg && !mflg) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: %s flag is only allowed with the %s flag\n"), Prog, "-k", "-m"); usage (E_USAGE); } if (Uflg && gflg) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: options %s and %s conflict\n"), Prog, "-U", "-g"); usage (E_USAGE); } if (Uflg && Nflg) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: options %s and %s conflict\n"), Prog, "-U", "-N"); usage (E_USAGE); } if (mflg && Mflg) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: options %s and %s conflict\n"), Prog, "-m", "-M"); usage (E_USAGE); } /* * Either -D or username is required. Defaults can be set with -D * for the -b, -e, -f, -g, -s options only. */ if (Dflg) { if (optind != argc) { usage (E_USAGE); } if (uflg || Gflg || dflg || cflg || mflg) { usage (E_USAGE); } } else { if (optind != argc - 1) { usage (E_USAGE); } user_name = argv[optind]; if (!is_valid_user_name (user_name)) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: invalid user name '%s': use --badname to ignore\n"), Prog, user_name); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "adding user", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif exit (E_BAD_ARG); } if (!dflg) { char *uh; size_t len = strlen (def_home) + strlen (user_name) + 2; int wlen; uh = xmalloc (len); wlen = snprintf (uh, len, "%s/%s", def_home, user_name); assert (wlen == (int) len -1); user_home = uh; } if(prefix[0]) { size_t len = strlen(prefix) + strlen(user_home) + 2; int wlen; char* _prefix_user_home; /* to avoid const warning */ _prefix_user_home = xmalloc(len); wlen = snprintf(_prefix_user_home, len, "%s/%s", prefix, user_home); assert (wlen == (int) len -1); prefix_user_home = _prefix_user_home; } else { prefix_user_home = user_home; } } if (!eflg) { user_expire = strtoday (def_expire); } if (!gflg) { user_gid = def_group; } if (!sflg) { user_shell = def_shell; } create_mail_spool = def_create_mail_spool; if (!rflg) { /* for system accounts defaults are ignored and we * do not create a home dir */ if (getdef_bool ("CREATE_HOME")) { mflg = true; } } if (Mflg) { /* absolutely sure that we do not create home dirs */ mflg = false; } } /* * close_files - close all of the files that were opened * * close_files() closes all of the files that were opened for this * new user. This causes any modified entries to be written out. */ static void close_files (void) { if (pw_close () == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"), Prog, pw_dbname ()); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", pw_dbname ())); fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE); } if (is_shadow_pwd && (spw_close () == 0)) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"), Prog, spw_dbname ()); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", spw_dbname ())); fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE); } close_group_files (); #ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS if (is_sub_uid && (sub_uid_close () == 0)) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"), Prog, sub_uid_dbname ()); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", sub_uid_dbname ())); fail_exit (E_SUB_UID_UPDATE); } if (is_sub_gid && (sub_gid_close () == 0)) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"), Prog, sub_gid_dbname ()); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", sub_gid_dbname ())); fail_exit (E_SUB_GID_UPDATE); } #endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */ if (is_shadow_pwd) { if (spw_unlock () == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, spw_dbname ()); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", spw_dbname ())); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "unlocking shadow file", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif /* continue */ } spw_locked = false; } if (pw_unlock () == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, pw_dbname ()); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", pw_dbname ())); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "unlocking passwd file", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif /* continue */ } pw_locked = false; unlock_group_files (); #ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS if (is_sub_uid) { if (sub_uid_unlock () == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sub_uid_dbname ()); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sub_uid_dbname ())); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "unlocking subordinate user file", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif /* continue */ } sub_uid_locked = false; } if (is_sub_gid) { if (sub_gid_unlock () == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sub_gid_dbname ()); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sub_gid_dbname ())); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "unlocking subordinate group file", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif /* continue */ } sub_gid_locked = false; } #endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */ } /* * close_group_files - close all of the files that were opened * * close_group_files() closes all of the files that were opened related * with groups. This causes any modified entries to be written out. */ static void close_group_files (void) { if (do_grp_update) { if (gr_close () == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"), Prog, gr_dbname ()); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", gr_dbname ())); fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE); } #ifdef SHADOWGRP if (is_shadow_grp && (sgr_close () == 0)) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"), Prog, sgr_dbname ()); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", sgr_dbname ())); fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE); } #endif /* SHADOWGRP */ } } /* * unlock_group_files - unlock all of the files that were locked * * unlock_group_files() unlocks all of the files that were locked related * with groups. This causes any modified entries to be written out. */ static void unlock_group_files (void) { if (gr_unlock () == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, gr_dbname ()); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", gr_dbname ())); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "unlocking-group-file", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif /* WITH_AUDIT */ /* continue */ } gr_locked = false; #ifdef SHADOWGRP if (is_shadow_grp) { if (sgr_unlock () == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sgr_dbname ()); SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sgr_dbname ())); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "unlocking-gshadow-file", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif /* WITH_AUDIT */ /* continue */ } sgr_locked = false; } #endif /* SHADOWGRP */ } /* * open_files - lock and open the password files * * open_files() opens the two password files. */ static void open_files (void) { if (pw_lock () == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"), Prog, pw_dbname ()); exit (E_PW_UPDATE); } pw_locked = true; if (pw_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot open %s\n"), Prog, pw_dbname ()); fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE); } /* shadow file will be opened by open_shadow(); */ open_group_files (); #ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS if (is_sub_uid) { if (sub_uid_lock () == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"), Prog, sub_uid_dbname ()); fail_exit (E_SUB_UID_UPDATE); } sub_uid_locked = true; if (sub_uid_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot open %s\n"), Prog, sub_uid_dbname ()); fail_exit (E_SUB_UID_UPDATE); } } if (is_sub_gid) { if (sub_gid_lock () == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"), Prog, sub_gid_dbname ()); fail_exit (E_SUB_GID_UPDATE); } sub_gid_locked = true; if (sub_gid_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot open %s\n"), Prog, sub_gid_dbname ()); fail_exit (E_SUB_GID_UPDATE); } } #endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */ } static void open_group_files (void) { if (gr_lock () == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"), Prog, gr_dbname ()); fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE); } gr_locked = true; if (gr_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot open %s\n"), Prog, gr_dbname ()); fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE); } #ifdef SHADOWGRP if (is_shadow_grp) { if (sgr_lock () == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"), Prog, sgr_dbname ()); fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE); } sgr_locked = true; if (sgr_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot open %s\n"), Prog, sgr_dbname ()); fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE); } } #endif /* SHADOWGRP */ } static void open_shadow (void) { if (!is_shadow_pwd) { return; } if (spw_lock () == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"), Prog, spw_dbname ()); fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE); } spw_locked = true; if (spw_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot open %s\n"), Prog, spw_dbname ()); fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE); } } static char *empty_list = NULL; /* * new_grent - initialize the values in a group file entry * * new_grent() takes all of the values that have been entered and fills * in a (struct group) with them. */ static void new_grent (struct group *grent) { memzero (grent, sizeof *grent); grent->gr_name = (char *) user_name; #ifdef SHADOWGRP if (is_shadow_grp) { grent->gr_passwd = SHADOW_PASSWD_STRING; /* XXX warning: const */ } else #endif /* SHADOWGRP */ { grent->gr_passwd = "!"; /* XXX warning: const */ } grent->gr_gid = user_gid; grent->gr_mem = &empty_list; } #ifdef SHADOWGRP /* * new_sgent - initialize the values in a shadow group file entry * * new_sgent() takes all of the values that have been entered and fills * in a (struct sgrp) with them. */ static void new_sgent (struct sgrp *sgent) { memzero (sgent, sizeof *sgent); sgent->sg_name = (char *) user_name; sgent->sg_passwd = "!"; /* XXX warning: const */ sgent->sg_adm = &empty_list; sgent->sg_mem = &empty_list; } #endif /* SHADOWGRP */ /* * grp_add - add new group file entries * * grp_add() writes the new records to the group files. */ static void grp_add (void) { struct group grp; #ifdef SHADOWGRP struct sgrp sgrp; #endif /* SHADOWGRP */ /* * Create the initial entries for this new group. */ new_grent (&grp); #ifdef SHADOWGRP new_sgent (&sgrp); #endif /* SHADOWGRP */ /* * Write out the new group file entry. */ if (gr_update (&grp) == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"), Prog, gr_dbname (), grp.gr_name); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_GROUP, Prog, "adding group", grp.gr_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE); } #ifdef SHADOWGRP /* * Write out the new shadow group entries as well. */ if (is_shadow_grp && (sgr_update (&sgrp) == 0)) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"), Prog, sgr_dbname (), sgrp.sg_name); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_GROUP, Prog, "adding group", grp.gr_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE); } #endif /* SHADOWGRP */ SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO, "new group: name=%s, GID=%u", user_name, user_gid)); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_GROUP, Prog, "adding group", grp.gr_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS); #endif do_grp_update = true; } static void faillog_reset (uid_t uid) { struct faillog fl; int fd; off_t offset_uid = (off_t) (sizeof fl) * uid; if (access (FAILLOG_FILE, F_OK) != 0) { return; } memzero (&fl, sizeof (fl)); fd = open (FAILLOG_FILE, O_RDWR); if ( (-1 == fd) || (lseek (fd, offset_uid, SEEK_SET) != offset_uid) || (write (fd, &fl, sizeof (fl)) != (ssize_t) sizeof (fl)) || (fsync (fd) != 0) || (close (fd) != 0)) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to reset the faillog entry of UID %lu: %s\n"), Prog, (unsigned long) uid, strerror (errno)); SYSLOG ((LOG_WARN, "failed to reset the faillog entry of UID %lu", (unsigned long) uid)); /* continue */ } } static void lastlog_reset (uid_t uid) { struct lastlog ll; int fd; off_t offset_uid = (off_t) (sizeof ll) * uid; uid_t max_uid; if (access (LASTLOG_FILE, F_OK) != 0) { return; } max_uid = (uid_t) getdef_ulong ("LASTLOG_UID_MAX", 0xFFFFFFFFUL); if (uid > max_uid) { /* do not touch lastlog for large uids */ return; } memzero (&ll, sizeof (ll)); fd = open (LASTLOG_FILE, O_RDWR); if ( (-1 == fd) || (lseek (fd, offset_uid, SEEK_SET) != offset_uid) || (write (fd, &ll, sizeof (ll)) != (ssize_t) sizeof (ll)) || (fsync (fd) != 0) || (close (fd) != 0)) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to reset the lastlog entry of UID %lu: %s\n"), Prog, (unsigned long) uid, strerror (errno)); SYSLOG ((LOG_WARN, "failed to reset the lastlog entry of UID %lu", (unsigned long) uid)); /* continue */ } } static void tallylog_reset (const char *user_name) { const char pam_tally2[] = "/sbin/pam_tally2"; const char *pname; pid_t childpid; int failed; int status; if (access(pam_tally2, X_OK) == -1) return; failed = 0; switch (childpid = fork()) { case -1: /* error */ failed = 1; break; case 0: /* child */ pname = strrchr(pam_tally2, '/'); if (pname == NULL) pname = pam_tally2; else pname++; /* Skip the '/' */ execl(pam_tally2, pname, "--user", user_name, "--reset", "--quiet", NULL); /* If we come here, something has gone terribly wrong */ perror(pam_tally2); exit(42); /* don't continue, we now have 2 processes running! */ /* NOTREACHED */ break; default: /* parent */ if (waitpid(childpid, &status, 0) == -1 || !WIFEXITED(status) || WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0) failed = 1; break; } if (failed) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to reset the tallylog entry of user \"%s\"\n"), Prog, user_name); SYSLOG ((LOG_WARN, "failed to reset the tallylog entry of user \"%s\"", user_name)); } return; } /* * usr_update - create the user entries * * usr_update() creates the password file entries for this user * and will update the group entries if required. */ static void usr_update (void) { struct passwd pwent; struct spwd spent; char *tty; /* * Fill in the password structure with any new fields, making * copies of strings. */ new_pwent (&pwent); new_spent (&spent); /* * Create a syslog entry. We need to do this now in case anything * happens so we know what we were trying to accomplish. */ tty=ttyname (STDIN_FILENO); SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO, "new user: name=%s, UID=%u, GID=%u, home=%s, shell=%s, from=%s", user_name, (unsigned int) user_id, (unsigned int) user_gid, user_home, user_shell, tty ? tty : "none" )); /* * Initialize faillog and lastlog entries for this UID in case * it belongs to a previously deleted user. We do it only if * no user with this UID exists yet (entries for shared UIDs * are left unchanged). --marekm */ /* local, no need for xgetpwuid */ if ((!lflg) && (prefix_getpwuid (user_id) == NULL)) { faillog_reset (user_id); lastlog_reset (user_id); } /* * Put the new (struct passwd) in the table. */ if (pw_update (&pwent) == 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"), Prog, pw_dbname (), pwent.pw_name); fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE); } /* * Put the new (struct spwd) in the table. */ if (is_shadow_pwd && (spw_update (&spent) == 0)) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"), Prog, spw_dbname (), spent.sp_namp); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "adding shadow password", user_name, (unsigned int) user_id, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE); } #ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS if (is_sub_uid && (sub_uid_add(user_name, sub_uid_start, sub_uid_count) == 0)) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry\n"), Prog, sub_uid_dbname ()); fail_exit (E_SUB_UID_UPDATE); } if (is_sub_gid && (sub_gid_add(user_name, sub_gid_start, sub_gid_count) == 0)) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry\n"), Prog, sub_uid_dbname ()); fail_exit (E_SUB_GID_UPDATE); } #endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */ #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "adding user", user_name, (unsigned int) user_id, SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS); #endif /* * Do any group file updates for this user. */ if (do_grp_update) { grp_update (); } } /* * create_home - create the user's home directory * * create_home() creates the user's home directory if it does not * already exist. It will be created mode 755 owned by the user * with the user's default group. */ static void create_home (void) { if (access (prefix_user_home, F_OK) != 0) { char path[strlen (prefix_user_home) + 2]; char *bhome, *cp; path[0] = '\0'; bhome = strdup (prefix_user_home); if (!bhome) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: error while duplicating string %s\n"), Prog, user_home); fail_exit (E_HOMEDIR); } ++bhome; #ifdef WITH_SELINUX if (set_selinux_file_context (prefix_user_home) != 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot set SELinux context for home directory %s\n"), Prog, user_home); fail_exit (E_HOMEDIR); } #endif /* Check for every part of the path, if the directory exists. If not, create it with permissions 755 and owner root:root. */ cp = strtok (bhome, "/"); while (cp) { strcat (path, "/"); strcat (path, cp); if (access (path, F_OK) != 0) { /* Check if parent directory is BTRFS, fail if requesting subvolume but no BTRFS. The paths cound be different by the trailing slash */ #if WITH_BTRFS if (subvolflg && (strlen(prefix_user_home) - (int)strlen(path)) <= 1) { char *btrfs_check = strdup(path); if (!btrfs_check) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: error while duplicating string in BTRFS check %s\n"), Prog, path); fail_exit (E_HOMEDIR); } btrfs_check[strlen(path) - strlen(cp) - 1] = '\0'; if (is_btrfs(btrfs_check) <= 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: home directory \"%s\" must be mounted on BTRFS\n"), Prog, path); fail_exit (E_HOMEDIR); } // make subvolume to mount for user instead of directory if (btrfs_create_subvolume(path)) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to create BTRFS subvolume: %s\n"), Prog, path); fail_exit (E_HOMEDIR); } } else #endif if (mkdir (path, 0) != 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot create directory %s\n"), Prog, path); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "adding home directory", user_name, (unsigned int) user_id, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif fail_exit (E_HOMEDIR); } if (chown (path, 0, 0) < 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: warning: chown on `%s' failed: %m\n"), Prog, path); } if (chmod (path, 0755) < 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: warning: chmod on `%s' failed: %m\n"), Prog, path); } } cp = strtok (NULL, "/"); } (void) chown (prefix_user_home, user_id, user_gid); mode_t mode = getdef_num ("HOME_MODE", 0777 & ~getdef_num ("UMASK", GETDEF_DEFAULT_UMASK)); if (chmod (prefix_user_home, mode)) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: warning: chown on '%s' failed: %m\n"), Prog, path); } home_added = true; #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "adding home directory", user_name, (unsigned int) user_id, SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS); #endif #ifdef WITH_SELINUX /* Reset SELinux to create files with default contexts */ if (reset_selinux_file_context () != 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot reset SELinux file creation context\n"), Prog); fail_exit (E_HOMEDIR); } #endif } } /* * create_mail - create the user's mail spool * * create_mail() creates the user's mail spool if it does not already * exist. It will be created mode 660 owned by the user and group * 'mail' */ static void create_mail (void) { if (strcasecmp (create_mail_spool, "yes") == 0) { const char *spool; char *file; int fd; struct group *gr; gid_t gid; mode_t mode; spool = getdef_str ("MAIL_DIR"); if (NULL == spool) { spool = "/var/mail"; } file = alloca (strlen (prefix) + strlen (spool) + strlen (user_name) + 2); if(prefix[0]) sprintf (file, "%s/%s/%s", prefix, spool, user_name); else sprintf (file, "%s/%s", spool, user_name); #ifdef WITH_SELINUX if (set_selinux_file_context (file) != 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot set SELinux context for mailbox file %s\n"), Prog, file); fail_exit (E_MAILBOXFILE); } #endif fd = open (file, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_EXCL, 0); if (fd < 0) { perror (_("Creating mailbox file")); return; } gr = prefix_getgrnam ("mail"); /* local, no need for xgetgrnam */ if (NULL == gr) { fputs (_("Group 'mail' not found. Creating the user mailbox file with 0600 mode.\n"), stderr); gid = user_gid; mode = 0600; } else { gid = gr->gr_gid; mode = 0660; } if ( (fchown (fd, user_id, gid) != 0) || (fchmod (fd, mode) != 0)) { perror (_("Setting mailbox file permissions")); } fsync (fd); close (fd); #ifdef WITH_SELINUX /* Reset SELinux to create files with default contexts */ if (reset_selinux_file_context () != 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot reset SELinux file creation context\n"), Prog); fail_exit (E_MAILBOXFILE); } #endif } } static void check_uid_range(int rflg, uid_t user_id) { uid_t uid_min ; uid_t uid_max ; if(rflg){ uid_min = (uid_t)getdef_ulong("SYS_UID_MIN",101UL); uid_max = (uid_t)getdef_ulong("SYS_UID_MAX",getdef_ulong("UID_MIN",1000UL)-1); if(uid_min <= uid_max){ if(user_id < uid_min || user_id >uid_max) fprintf(stderr, _("%s warning: %s's uid %d outside of the SYS_UID_MIN %d and SYS_UID_MAX %d range.\n"), Prog, user_name, user_id, uid_min, uid_max); } }else{ uid_min = (uid_t)getdef_ulong("UID_MIN", 1000UL); uid_max = (uid_t)getdef_ulong("UID_MAX", 6000UL); if(uid_min <= uid_max){ if(user_id < uid_min || user_id >uid_max) fprintf(stderr, _("%s warning: %s's uid %d outside of the UID_MIN %d and UID_MAX %d range.\n"), Prog, user_name, user_id, uid_min, uid_max); } } } /* * main - useradd command */ int main (int argc, char **argv) { #ifdef ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID #ifdef USE_PAM pam_handle_t *pamh = NULL; int retval; #endif /* USE_PAM */ #endif /* ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID */ #ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS uid_t uid_min; uid_t uid_max; #endif /* * Get my name so that I can use it to report errors. */ Prog = Basename (argv[0]); (void) setlocale (LC_ALL, ""); (void) bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR); (void) textdomain (PACKAGE); process_root_flag ("-R", argc, argv); prefix = process_prefix_flag("-P", argc, argv); OPENLOG ("useradd"); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_help_open (); #endif sys_ngroups = sysconf (_SC_NGROUPS_MAX); user_groups = (char **) xmalloc ((1 + sys_ngroups) * sizeof (char *)); /* * Initialize the list to be empty */ user_groups[0] = (char *) 0; is_shadow_pwd = spw_file_present (); #ifdef SHADOWGRP is_shadow_grp = sgr_file_present (); #endif get_defaults (); process_flags (argc, argv); #ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS uid_min = (uid_t) getdef_ulong ("UID_MIN", 1000UL); uid_max = (uid_t) getdef_ulong ("UID_MAX", 60000UL); is_sub_uid = sub_uid_file_present () && !rflg && (!user_id || (user_id <= uid_max && user_id >= uid_min)); is_sub_gid = sub_gid_file_present () && !rflg && (!user_id || (user_id <= uid_max && user_id >= uid_min)); #endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */ if (run_parts ("/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-pre.d", (char*)user_name, "useradd")) { exit(1); } #ifdef ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID #ifdef USE_PAM { struct passwd *pampw; pampw = getpwuid (getuid ()); /* local, no need for xgetpwuid */ if (pampw == NULL) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: Cannot determine your user name.\n"), Prog); fail_exit (1); } retval = pam_start ("useradd", pampw->pw_name, &conv, &pamh); } if (PAM_SUCCESS == retval) { retval = pam_authenticate (pamh, 0); } if (PAM_SUCCESS == retval) { retval = pam_acct_mgmt (pamh, 0); } if (PAM_SUCCESS != retval) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: PAM: %s\n"), Prog, pam_strerror (pamh, retval)); SYSLOG((LOG_ERR, "%s", pam_strerror (pamh, retval))); if (NULL != pamh) { (void) pam_end (pamh, retval); } fail_exit (1); } (void) pam_end (pamh, retval); #endif /* USE_PAM */ #endif /* ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID */ /* * See if we are messing with the defaults file, or creating * a new user. */ if (Dflg) { if (gflg || bflg || fflg || eflg || sflg) { exit ((set_defaults () != 0) ? 1 : 0); } show_defaults (); exit (E_SUCCESS); } /* * Start with a quick check to see if the user exists. */ if (prefix_getpwnam (user_name) != NULL) { /* local, no need for xgetpwnam */ fprintf (stderr, _("%s: user '%s' already exists\n"), Prog, user_name); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "adding user", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif fail_exit (E_NAME_IN_USE); } /* * Don't blindly overwrite a group when a user is added... * If you already have a group username, and want to add the user * to that group, use useradd -g username username. * --bero */ if (Uflg) { /* local, no need for xgetgrnam */ if (prefix_getgrnam (user_name) != NULL) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: group %s exists - if you want to add this user to that group, use -g.\n"), Prog, user_name); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "adding group", user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif fail_exit (E_NAME_IN_USE); } } /* * Do the hard stuff: * - open the files, * - create the user entries, * - create the home directory, * - create user mail spool, * - flush nscd caches for passwd and group services, * - then close and update the files. */ open_files (); if (!oflg) { /* first, seek for a valid uid to use for this user. * We do this because later we can use the uid we found as * gid too ... --gafton */ if (!uflg) { if (find_new_uid (rflg, &user_id, NULL) < 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: can't create user\n"), Prog); fail_exit (E_UID_IN_USE); } } else { if (prefix_getpwuid (user_id) != NULL) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: UID %lu is not unique\n"), Prog, (unsigned long) user_id); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "adding user", user_name, (unsigned int) user_id, SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE); #endif fail_exit (E_UID_IN_USE); } } } if(uflg) check_uid_range(rflg,user_id); #ifdef WITH_TCB if (getdef_bool ("USE_TCB")) { if (shadowtcb_create (user_name, user_id) == SHADOWTCB_FAILURE) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: Failed to create tcb directory for %s\n"), Prog, user_name); fail_exit (E_UID_IN_USE); } } #endif open_shadow (); /* do we have to add a group for that user? This is why we need to * open the group files in the open_files() function --gafton */ if (Uflg) { if (find_new_gid (rflg, &user_gid, &user_id) < 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: can't create group\n"), Prog); fail_exit (4); } grp_add (); } #ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS if (is_sub_uid) { if (find_new_sub_uids(&sub_uid_start, &sub_uid_count) < 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: can't create subordinate user IDs\n"), Prog); fail_exit(E_SUB_UID_UPDATE); } } if (is_sub_gid) { if (find_new_sub_gids(&sub_gid_start, &sub_gid_count) < 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: can't create subordinate group IDs\n"), Prog); fail_exit(E_SUB_GID_UPDATE); } } #endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */ usr_update (); if (mflg) { create_home (); if (home_added) { copy_tree (def_template, prefix_user_home, false, false, (uid_t)-1, user_id, (gid_t)-1, user_gid); } else { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: warning: the home directory %s already exists.\n" "%s: Not copying any file from skel directory into it.\n"), Prog, user_home, Prog); } } /* Do not create mail directory for system accounts */ if (!rflg) { create_mail (); } close_files (); /* * tallylog_reset needs to be able to lookup * a valid existing user name, * so we cannot call it before close_files() */ if (!lflg && getpwuid (user_id) != NULL) { tallylog_reset (user_name); } #ifdef WITH_SELINUX if (Zflg) { if (set_seuser (user_name, user_selinux) != 0) { fprintf (stderr, _("%s: warning: the user name %s to %s SELinux user mapping failed.\n"), Prog, user_name, user_selinux); #ifdef WITH_AUDIT audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog, "adding SELinux user mapping", user_name, (unsigned int) user_id, 0); #endif /* WITH_AUDIT */ fail_exit (E_SE_UPDATE); } } #endif /* WITH_SELINUX */ if (run_parts ("/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-post.d", (char*)user_name, "useradd")) { exit(1); } nscd_flush_cache ("passwd"); nscd_flush_cache ("group"); sssd_flush_cache (SSSD_DB_PASSWD | SSSD_DB_GROUP); return E_SUCCESS; }