msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2013-08-23 01:54+0200\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #: vipw.8.xml:41(firstname) suauth.5.xml:39(firstname) pwconv.8.xml:45(firstname) login.access.5.xml:40(firstname) msgid "Marek" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:42(surname) suauth.5.xml:40(surname) pwconv.8.xml:46(surname) login.access.5.xml:41(surname) msgid "Michałkiewicz" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:43(contrib) limits.5.xml:43(contrib) msgid "Creation, 1997" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:46(firstname) usermod.8.xml:50(firstname) userdel.8.xml:50(firstname) useradd.8.xml:61(firstname) suauth.5.xml:44(firstname) su.1.xml:61(firstname) sg.1.xml:45(firstname) shadow.5.xml:44(firstname) shadow.3.xml:44(firstname) pwconv.8.xml:50(firstname) pwck.8.xml:50(firstname) porttime.5.xml:44(firstname) passwd.5.xml:44(firstname) passwd.1.xml:51(firstname) newusers.8.xml:59(firstname) newgrp.1.xml:45(firstname) logoutd.8.xml:44(firstname) login.defs.5.xml:109(firstname) login.access.5.xml:45(firstname) login.1.xml:77(firstname) limits.5.xml:46(firstname) lastlog.8.xml:45(firstname) grpck.8.xml:45(firstname) groups.1.xml:44(firstname) groupmod.8.xml:45(firstname) groupmems.8.xml:48(firstname) groupdel.8.xml:45(firstname) groupadd.8.xml:47(firstname) gpasswd.1.xml:49(firstname) faillog.8.xml:44(firstname) faillog.5.xml:44(firstname) expiry.1.xml:48(firstname) chsh.1.xml:47(firstname) chpasswd.8.xml:48(firstname) chgpasswd.8.xml:44(firstname) chfn.1.xml:47(firstname) chage.1.xml:45(firstname) msgid "Thomas" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:47(surname) usermod.8.xml:51(surname) userdel.8.xml:51(surname) useradd.8.xml:62(surname) suauth.5.xml:45(surname) su.1.xml:62(surname) sg.1.xml:46(surname) shadow.5.xml:45(surname) shadow.3.xml:45(surname) pwconv.8.xml:51(surname) pwck.8.xml:51(surname) porttime.5.xml:45(surname) passwd.5.xml:45(surname) passwd.1.xml:52(surname) newusers.8.xml:60(surname) newgrp.1.xml:46(surname) logoutd.8.xml:45(surname) login.defs.5.xml:110(surname) login.access.5.xml:46(surname) login.1.xml:78(surname) limits.5.xml:47(surname) lastlog.8.xml:46(surname) grpck.8.xml:46(surname) groups.1.xml:45(surname) groupmod.8.xml:46(surname) groupmems.8.xml:49(surname) groupdel.8.xml:46(surname) groupadd.8.xml:48(surname) gpasswd.1.xml:50(surname) faillog.8.xml:45(surname) faillog.5.xml:45(surname) expiry.1.xml:49(surname) chsh.1.xml:48(surname) chpasswd.8.xml:49(surname) chgpasswd.8.xml:45(surname) chfn.1.xml:48(surname) chage.1.xml:46(surname) msgid "Kłoczko" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:48(email) usermod.8.xml:52(email) userdel.8.xml:52(email) useradd.8.xml:63(email) suauth.5.xml:46(email) su.1.xml:63(email) sg.1.xml:47(email) shadow.5.xml:46(email) shadow.3.xml:46(email) pwconv.8.xml:52(email) pwck.8.xml:52(email) porttime.5.xml:46(email) passwd.5.xml:46(email) passwd.1.xml:53(email) newusers.8.xml:61(email) newgrp.1.xml:47(email) logoutd.8.xml:46(email) login.defs.5.xml:111(email) login.access.5.xml:47(email) login.1.xml:79(email) limits.5.xml:48(email) lastlog.8.xml:47(email) grpck.8.xml:47(email) groups.1.xml:46(email) groupmod.8.xml:47(email) groupmems.8.xml:50(email) groupdel.8.xml:47(email) groupadd.8.xml:49(email) gpasswd.1.xml:51(email) faillog.8.xml:46(email) faillog.5.xml:46(email) expiry.1.xml:50(email) chsh.1.xml:49(email) chpasswd.8.xml:50(email) chgpasswd.8.xml:46(email) chfn.1.xml:49(email) chage.1.xml:47(email) msgid "kloczek@pld.org.pl" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:49(contrib) usermod.8.xml:53(contrib) userdel.8.xml:53(contrib) useradd.8.xml:64(contrib) suauth.5.xml:47(contrib) su.1.xml:64(contrib) sg.1.xml:48(contrib) shadow.5.xml:47(contrib) shadow.3.xml:47(contrib) pwconv.8.xml:53(contrib) pwck.8.xml:53(contrib) porttime.5.xml:47(contrib) passwd.5.xml:47(contrib) passwd.1.xml:54(contrib) newusers.8.xml:62(contrib) newgrp.1.xml:48(contrib) logoutd.8.xml:47(contrib) login.defs.5.xml:112(contrib) login.access.5.xml:48(contrib) login.1.xml:80(contrib) limits.5.xml:49(contrib) lastlog.8.xml:48(contrib) grpck.8.xml:48(contrib) groups.1.xml:47(contrib) groupmod.8.xml:48(contrib) groupmems.8.xml:51(contrib) groupdel.8.xml:48(contrib) groupadd.8.xml:50(contrib) gpasswd.1.xml:52(contrib) faillog.8.xml:47(contrib) faillog.5.xml:47(contrib) expiry.1.xml:51(contrib) chsh.1.xml:50(contrib) chpasswd.8.xml:51(contrib) chfn.1.xml:50(contrib) chage.1.xml:48(contrib) msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:52(firstname) usermod.8.xml:56(firstname) userdel.8.xml:56(firstname) useradd.8.xml:67(firstname) suauth.5.xml:50(firstname) su.1.xml:67(firstname) sg.1.xml:51(firstname) shadow.5.xml:50(firstname) shadow.3.xml:50(firstname) pwconv.8.xml:56(firstname) pwck.8.xml:56(firstname) porttime.5.xml:50(firstname) passwd.5.xml:50(firstname) passwd.1.xml:57(firstname) nologin.8.xml:39(firstname) newusers.8.xml:65(firstname) newgrp.1.xml:51(firstname) logoutd.8.xml:50(firstname) login.defs.5.xml:115(firstname) login.access.5.xml:51(firstname) login.1.xml:83(firstname) limits.5.xml:52(firstname) lastlog.8.xml:51(firstname) gshadow.5.xml:38(firstname) grpck.8.xml:51(firstname) groups.1.xml:50(firstname) groupmod.8.xml:51(firstname) groupmems.8.xml:54(firstname) groupdel.8.xml:51(firstname) groupadd.8.xml:53(firstname) gpasswd.1.xml:55(firstname) faillog.8.xml:50(firstname) faillog.5.xml:50(firstname) expiry.1.xml:54(firstname) chsh.1.xml:53(firstname) chpasswd.8.xml:54(firstname) chgpasswd.8.xml:50(firstname) chfn.1.xml:53(firstname) chage.1.xml:51(firstname) msgid "Nicolas" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:53(surname) usermod.8.xml:57(surname) userdel.8.xml:57(surname) useradd.8.xml:68(surname) suauth.5.xml:51(surname) su.1.xml:68(surname) sg.1.xml:52(surname) shadow.5.xml:51(surname) shadow.3.xml:51(surname) pwconv.8.xml:57(surname) pwck.8.xml:57(surname) porttime.5.xml:51(surname) passwd.5.xml:51(surname) passwd.1.xml:58(surname) nologin.8.xml:40(surname) newusers.8.xml:66(surname) newgrp.1.xml:52(surname) logoutd.8.xml:51(surname) login.defs.5.xml:116(surname) login.access.5.xml:52(surname) login.1.xml:84(surname) limits.5.xml:53(surname) lastlog.8.xml:52(surname) gshadow.5.xml:39(surname) grpck.8.xml:52(surname) groups.1.xml:51(surname) groupmod.8.xml:52(surname) groupmems.8.xml:55(surname) groupdel.8.xml:52(surname) groupadd.8.xml:54(surname) gpasswd.1.xml:56(surname) faillog.8.xml:51(surname) faillog.5.xml:51(surname) expiry.1.xml:55(surname) chsh.1.xml:54(surname) chpasswd.8.xml:55(surname) chgpasswd.8.xml:51(surname) chfn.1.xml:54(surname) chage.1.xml:52(surname) msgid "François" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:54(email) usermod.8.xml:58(email) userdel.8.xml:58(email) useradd.8.xml:69(email) suauth.5.xml:52(email) su.1.xml:69(email) sg.1.xml:53(email) shadow.5.xml:52(email) shadow.3.xml:52(email) pwconv.8.xml:58(email) pwck.8.xml:58(email) porttime.5.xml:52(email) passwd.5.xml:52(email) passwd.1.xml:59(email) nologin.8.xml:41(email) newusers.8.xml:67(email) newgrp.1.xml:53(email) logoutd.8.xml:52(email) login.defs.5.xml:117(email) login.access.5.xml:53(email) login.1.xml:85(email) limits.5.xml:54(email) lastlog.8.xml:53(email) gshadow.5.xml:40(email) grpck.8.xml:53(email) groups.1.xml:52(email) groupmod.8.xml:53(email) groupmems.8.xml:56(email) groupdel.8.xml:53(email) groupadd.8.xml:55(email) gpasswd.1.xml:57(email) faillog.8.xml:52(email) faillog.5.xml:52(email) expiry.1.xml:56(email) chsh.1.xml:55(email) chpasswd.8.xml:56(email) chgpasswd.8.xml:52(email) chfn.1.xml:55(email) chage.1.xml:53(email) msgid "nicolas.francois@centraliens.net" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:55(contrib) usermod.8.xml:59(contrib) userdel.8.xml:59(contrib) useradd.8.xml:70(contrib) suauth.5.xml:53(contrib) su.1.xml:70(contrib) sg.1.xml:54(contrib) shadow.5.xml:53(contrib) shadow.3.xml:53(contrib) pwconv.8.xml:59(contrib) pwck.8.xml:59(contrib) porttime.5.xml:53(contrib) passwd.5.xml:53(contrib) passwd.1.xml:60(contrib) nologin.8.xml:42(contrib) newusers.8.xml:68(contrib) newgrp.1.xml:54(contrib) logoutd.8.xml:53(contrib) login.defs.5.xml:118(contrib) login.access.5.xml:54(contrib) login.1.xml:86(contrib) limits.5.xml:55(contrib) lastlog.8.xml:54(contrib) gshadow.5.xml:42(contrib) grpck.8.xml:54(contrib) groups.1.xml:53(contrib) groupmod.8.xml:54(contrib) groupmems.8.xml:57(contrib) groupdel.8.xml:54(contrib) groupadd.8.xml:56(contrib) gpasswd.1.xml:58(contrib) faillog.8.xml:53(contrib) faillog.5.xml:53(contrib) expiry.1.xml:57(contrib) chsh.1.xml:56(contrib) chpasswd.8.xml:57(contrib) chgpasswd.8.xml:53(contrib) chfn.1.xml:56(contrib) chage.1.xml:54(contrib) msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:59(refentrytitle) vipw.8.xml:66(refname) vipw.8.xml:75(command) login.defs.5.xml:507(term) msgid "vipw" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:60(manvolnum) usermod.8.xml:64(manvolnum) userdel.8.xml:64(manvolnum) userdel.8.xml:259(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:75(manvolnum) pwconv.8.xml:64(manvolnum) pwck.8.xml:64(manvolnum) nologin.8.xml:47(manvolnum) newusers.8.xml:73(manvolnum) logoutd.8.xml:58(manvolnum) lastlog.8.xml:59(manvolnum) grpck.8.xml:59(manvolnum) groupmod.8.xml:59(manvolnum) groupmems.8.xml:62(manvolnum) groupdel.8.xml:59(manvolnum) groupdel.8.xml:181(replaceable) groupadd.8.xml:61(manvolnum) faillog.8.xml:58(manvolnum) faillog.5.xml:111(manvolnum) chpasswd.8.xml:62(manvolnum) chgpasswd.8.xml:58(manvolnum) msgid "8" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:61(refmiscinfo) usermod.8.xml:65(refmiscinfo) userdel.8.xml:65(refmiscinfo) useradd.8.xml:76(refmiscinfo) pwconv.8.xml:65(refmiscinfo) pwck.8.xml:65(refmiscinfo) nologin.8.xml:48(refmiscinfo) newusers.8.xml:74(refmiscinfo) logoutd.8.xml:59(refmiscinfo) lastlog.8.xml:60(refmiscinfo) grpck.8.xml:60(refmiscinfo) groupmod.8.xml:60(refmiscinfo) groupmems.8.xml:63(refmiscinfo) groupdel.8.xml:60(refmiscinfo) groupadd.8.xml:62(refmiscinfo) faillog.8.xml:59(refmiscinfo) chpasswd.8.xml:63(refmiscinfo) chgpasswd.8.xml:59(refmiscinfo) msgid "System Management Commands" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:62(refmiscinfo) usermod.8.xml:66(refmiscinfo) userdel.8.xml:66(refmiscinfo) useradd.8.xml:77(refmiscinfo) suauth.5.xml:60(refmiscinfo) su.1.xml:77(refmiscinfo) sg.1.xml:61(refmiscinfo) shadow.5.xml:60(refmiscinfo) shadow.3.xml:60(refmiscinfo) pwconv.8.xml:66(refmiscinfo) pwck.8.xml:66(refmiscinfo) porttime.5.xml:60(refmiscinfo) passwd.5.xml:60(refmiscinfo) passwd.1.xml:67(refmiscinfo) nologin.8.xml:49(refmiscinfo) newusers.8.xml:75(refmiscinfo) newgrp.1.xml:61(refmiscinfo) logoutd.8.xml:60(refmiscinfo) login.defs.5.xml:125(refmiscinfo) login.access.5.xml:61(refmiscinfo) login.1.xml:93(refmiscinfo) limits.5.xml:62(refmiscinfo) lastlog.8.xml:61(refmiscinfo) gshadow.5.xml:49(refmiscinfo) grpck.8.xml:61(refmiscinfo) groups.1.xml:60(refmiscinfo) groupmod.8.xml:61(refmiscinfo) groupmems.8.xml:64(refmiscinfo) groupdel.8.xml:61(refmiscinfo) groupadd.8.xml:63(refmiscinfo) gpasswd.1.xml:65(refmiscinfo) faillog.8.xml:60(refmiscinfo) faillog.5.xml:60(refmiscinfo) expiry.1.xml:64(refmiscinfo) chsh.1.xml:63(refmiscinfo) chpasswd.8.xml:64(refmiscinfo) chgpasswd.8.xml:60(refmiscinfo) chfn.1.xml:63(refmiscinfo) chage.1.xml:61(refmiscinfo) msgid "shadow-utils" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:67(refname) vipw.8.xml:81(command) msgid "vigr" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:68(refpurpose) msgid "edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:77(replaceable) vipw.8.xml:83(replaceable) usermod.8.xml:78(replaceable) userdel.8.xml:76(arg) useradd.8.xml:88(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:100(replaceable) su.1.xml:88(replaceable) pwconv.8.xml:81(replaceable) pwconv.8.xml:87(replaceable) pwconv.8.xml:93(replaceable) pwconv.8.xml:99(replaceable) pwck.8.xml:77(arg) passwd.1.xml:79(replaceable) newusers.8.xml:87(replaceable) lastlog.8.xml:73(replaceable) grpck.8.xml:72(arg) groupmod.8.xml:73(replaceable) groupdel.8.xml:73(replaceable) groupadd.8.xml:75(replaceable) faillog.8.xml:72(replaceable) chsh.1.xml:75(replaceable) chpasswd.8.xml:76(replaceable) chgpasswd.8.xml:72(replaceable) chfn.1.xml:75(replaceable) chage.1.xml:72(replaceable) msgid "options" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:89(title) usermod.8.xml:85(title) userdel.8.xml:84(title) useradd.8.xml:106(title) suauth.5.xml:75(title) su.1.xml:99(title) sg.1.xml:81(title) shadow.5.xml:69(title) shadow.3.xml:118(title) shadow.3.xml:174(title) pwconv.8.xml:105(title) pwck.8.xml:92(title) porttime.5.xml:69(title) passwd.5.xml:69(title) passwd.1.xml:88(title) nologin.8.xml:64(title) newusers.8.xml:96(title) newgrp.1.xml:77(title) logoutd.8.xml:75(title) login.defs.5.xml:134(title) login.access.5.xml:70(title) login.1.xml:125(title) limits.5.xml:72(title) lastlog.8.xml:79(title) gshadow.5.xml:58(title) grpck.8.xml:83(title) groups.1.xml:78(title) groupmod.8.xml:80(title) groupmems.8.xml:85(title) groupdel.8.xml:80(title) groupadd.8.xml:84(title) gpasswd.1.xml:94(title) faillog.8.xml:78(title) faillog.5.xml:69(title) expiry.1.xml:82(title) chsh.1.xml:84(title) chpasswd.8.xml:82(title) chgpasswd.8.xml:78(title) chfn.1.xml:84(title) chage.1.xml:81(title) msgid "DESCRIPTION" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:90(para) msgid "The vipw and vigr commands edits the files /etc/passwd and /etc/group, respectively. With the flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files, /etc/shadow and /etc/gshadow, respectively. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable $VISUAL, then the environment variable $EDITOR, and finally the default editor, vi1." msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:107(title) usermod.8.xml:93(title) userdel.8.xml:93(title) useradd.8.xml:124(title) su.1.xml:145(title) pwconv.8.xml:187(title) pwck.8.xml:176(title) passwd.1.xml:174(title) newusers.8.xml:265(title) login.1.xml:210(title) lastlog.8.xml:91(title) grpck.8.xml:147(title) groupmod.8.xml:89(title) groupmems.8.xml:100(title) groupdel.8.xml:88(title) groupadd.8.xml:93(title) gpasswd.1.xml:134(title) faillog.8.xml:89(title) expiry.1.xml:91(title) chsh.1.xml:95(title) chpasswd.8.xml:130(title) chgpasswd.8.xml:105(title) chfn.1.xml:111(title) chage.1.xml:91(title) msgid "OPTIONS" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:108(para) msgid "The options which apply to the vipw and vigr commands are:" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:114(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:116(para) msgid "Edit group database." msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:120(term) userdel.8.xml:123(term) useradd.8.xml:266(term) pwconv.8.xml:195(term) pwck.8.xml:186(term) passwd.1.xml:214(term) newusers.8.xml:283(term) lastlog.8.xml:107(term) grpck.8.xml:157(term) groupmod.8.xml:129(term) groupmems.8.xml:142(term) groupdel.8.xml:95(term) groupadd.8.xml:131(term) gpasswd.1.xml:173(term) faillog.8.xml:122(term) expiry.1.xml:112(term) chsh.1.xml:101(term) chpasswd.8.xml:171(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:131(term) chage.1.xml:129(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:122(para) userdel.8.xml:125(para) useradd.8.xml:268(para) pwconv.8.xml:197(para) pwck.8.xml:188(para) passwd.1.xml:216(para) newusers.8.xml:285(para) lastlog.8.xml:111(para) grpck.8.xml:159(para) groupmod.8.xml:131(para) groupmems.8.xml:144(para) groupdel.8.xml:97(para) groupadd.8.xml:133(para) gpasswd.1.xml:175(para) faillog.8.xml:124(para) expiry.1.xml:114(para) chsh.1.xml:103(para) chpasswd.8.xml:173(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:133(para) chfn.1.xml:169(para) chage.1.xml:131(para) msgid "Display help message and exit." msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:126(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:128(para) msgid "Edit passwd database." msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:132(term) pwck.8.xml:192(term) passwd.1.xml:281(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:134(para) passwd.1.xml:285(para) msgid "Quiet mode." msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:138(term) usermod.8.xml:311(term) userdel.8.xml:146(term) useradd.8.xml:445(term) pwconv.8.xml:201(term) pwck.8.xml:209(term) passwd.1.xml:301(term) newusers.8.xml:308(term) lastlog.8.xml:115(term) grpck.8.xml:173(term) groupmod.8.xml:178(term) groupmems.8.xml:165(term) groupdel.8.xml:101(term) groupadd.8.xml:204(term) faillog.8.xml:180(term) chsh.1.xml:107(term) chpasswd.8.xml:188(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:146(term) chfn.1.xml:153(term) chage.1.xml:197(term) msgid ",  CHROOT_DIR" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:142(para) usermod.8.xml:315(para) userdel.8.xml:150(para) useradd.8.xml:449(para) pwconv.8.xml:205(para) pwck.8.xml:213(para) passwd.1.xml:305(para) newusers.8.xml:312(para) lastlog.8.xml:119(para) grpck.8.xml:177(para) groupmod.8.xml:182(para) groupmems.8.xml:169(para) groupdel.8.xml:105(para) groupadd.8.xml:208(para) gpasswd.1.xml:185(para) faillog.8.xml:184(para) chsh.1.xml:111(para) chpasswd.8.xml:192(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:150(para) chfn.1.xml:157(para) chage.1.xml:201(para) msgid "Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR directory." msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:150(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:152(para) msgid "Edit shadow or gshadow database." msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:156(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:158(para) msgid "Indicates which user's tcb shadow file to edit." msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:165(title) usermod.8.xml:497(title) userdel.8.xml:171(title) useradd.8.xml:647(title) su.1.xml:339(title) sg.1.xml:98(title) pwconv.8.xml:227(title) pwck.8.xml:252(title) passwd.1.xml:390(title) newusers.8.xml:362(title) newgrp.1.xml:109(title) login.1.xml:294(title) grpck.8.xml:209(title) groupmod.8.xml:193(title) groupmems.8.xml:199(title) groupdel.8.xml:128(title) groupadd.8.xml:219(title) gpasswd.1.xml:264(title) chsh.1.xml:154(title) chpasswd.8.xml:239(title) chgpasswd.8.xml:198(title) chfn.1.xml:193(title) chage.1.xml:244(title) msgid "CONFIGURATION" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:166(para) usermod.8.xml:498(para) userdel.8.xml:172(para) useradd.8.xml:648(para) su.1.xml:340(para) sg.1.xml:99(para) pwck.8.xml:253(para) passwd.1.xml:391(para) newusers.8.xml:363(para) newgrp.1.xml:110(para) login.1.xml:295(para) grpck.8.xml:210(para) groupmod.8.xml:194(para) groupmems.8.xml:200(para) groupdel.8.xml:129(para) groupadd.8.xml:220(para) gpasswd.1.xml:265(para) chsh.1.xml:155(para) chpasswd.8.xml:240(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:199(para) chfn.1.xml:194(para) chage.1.xml:245(para) msgid "The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:30(term) usermod.8.xml:30(term) userdel.8.xml:30(term) useradd.8.xml:30(term) pwconv.8.xml:30(term) pwck.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term) chage.1.xml:30(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:32(para) usermod.8.xml:32(para) userdel.8.xml:32(para) useradd.8.xml:32(para) pwconv.8.xml:32(para) pwck.8.xml:32(para) login.defs.5.xml:32(para) chage.1.xml:32(para) msgid "If yes, the tcb5 password shadowing scheme will be used." msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:177(title) msgid "ENVIRONMENT" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:180(option) msgid "VISUAL" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:182(para) msgid "Editor to be used." msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:186(option) msgid "EDITOR" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:188(para) msgid "Editor to be used if is not set." msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:195(title) usermod.8.xml:514(title) userdel.8.xml:188(title) useradd.8.xml:675(title) suauth.5.xml:193(title) su.1.xml:367(title) sg.1.xml:110(title) shadow.5.xml:255(title) shadow.3.xml:226(title) pwconv.8.xml:250(title) pwck.8.xml:269(title) porttime.5.xml:130(title) passwd.5.xml:141(title) passwd.1.xml:408(title) newusers.8.xml:397(title) newgrp.1.xml:121(title) logoutd.8.xml:89(title) login.access.5.xml:121(title) login.1.xml:338(title) limits.5.xml:196(title) lastlog.8.xml:182(title) gshadow.5.xml:156(title) grpck.8.xml:221(title) groups.1.xml:100(title) groupmod.8.xml:205(title) groupmems.8.xml:211(title) groupdel.8.xml:140(title) groupadd.8.xml:233(title) gpasswd.1.xml:279(title) faillog.8.xml:243(title) faillog.5.xml:96(title) expiry.1.xml:121(title) chsh.1.xml:167(title) chpasswd.8.xml:255(title) chgpasswd.8.xml:213(title) chfn.1.xml:207(title) chage.1.xml:256(title) msgid "FILES" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:198(filename) usermod.8.xml:517(filename) userdel.8.xml:191(filename) useradd.8.xml:690(filename) sg.1.xml:125(filename) pwck.8.xml:272(filename) newusers.8.xml:412(filename) newgrp.1.xml:136(filename) gshadow.5.xml:159(filename) grpck.8.xml:224(filename) groups.1.xml:103(filename) groupmod.8.xml:208(filename) groupmems.8.xml:214(filename) groupdel.8.xml:143(filename) groupadd.8.xml:236(filename) gpasswd.1.xml:72(filename) gpasswd.1.xml:75(filename) gpasswd.1.xml:282(filename) chgpasswd.8.xml:216(filename) msgid "/etc/group" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:200(para) usermod.8.xml:519(para) userdel.8.xml:193(para) useradd.8.xml:692(para) sg.1.xml:127(para) pwck.8.xml:274(para) newusers.8.xml:414(para) newgrp.1.xml:138(para) gshadow.5.xml:161(para) grpck.8.xml:226(para) groups.1.xml:105(para) groupmod.8.xml:210(para) groupmems.8.xml:216(para) groupdel.8.xml:145(para) groupadd.8.xml:238(para) gpasswd.1.xml:284(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:218(para) msgid "Group account information." msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:204(filename) usermod.8.xml:523(filename) useradd.8.xml:696(filename) sg.1.xml:131(filename) newusers.8.xml:418(filename) newgrp.1.xml:142(filename) gshadow.5.xml:165(filename) grpck.8.xml:230(filename) groupmod.8.xml:214(filename) groupmems.8.xml:220(filename) groupdel.8.xml:149(filename) groupadd.8.xml:242(filename) gpasswd.1.xml:76(filename) gpasswd.1.xml:288(filename) chgpasswd.8.xml:222(filename) msgid "/etc/gshadow" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:206(para) usermod.8.xml:525(para) useradd.8.xml:698(para) sg.1.xml:133(para) newusers.8.xml:420(para) newgrp.1.xml:144(para) gshadow.5.xml:167(para) grpck.8.xml:232(para) groupmod.8.xml:216(para) groupdel.8.xml:151(para) groupadd.8.xml:244(para) gpasswd.1.xml:290(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:224(para) msgid "Secure group account information." msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:210(filename) usermod.8.xml:535(filename) userdel.8.xml:203(filename) useradd.8.xml:678(filename) su.1.xml:370(filename) sg.1.xml:113(filename) shadow.5.xml:258(filename) pwck.8.xml:278(filename) passwd.5.xml:144(filename) passwd.1.xml:411(filename) newusers.8.xml:400(filename) newgrp.1.xml:124(filename) login.1.xml:353(filename) grpck.8.xml:236(filename) groupmod.8.xml:226(filename) expiry.1.xml:124(filename) chsh.1.xml:170(filename) chpasswd.8.xml:258(filename) chfn.1.xml:216(filename) chage.1.xml:260(filename) msgid "/etc/passwd" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:212(para) usermod.8.xml:537(para) userdel.8.xml:205(para) useradd.8.xml:680(para) su.1.xml:372(para) sg.1.xml:115(para) shadow.5.xml:260(para) pwck.8.xml:280(para) passwd.5.xml:146(para) passwd.1.xml:413(para) newusers.8.xml:402(para) newgrp.1.xml:126(para) login.1.xml:355(para) grpck.8.xml:238(para) groupmod.8.xml:228(para) expiry.1.xml:126(para) chsh.1.xml:172(para) chpasswd.8.xml:260(para) chfn.1.xml:218(para) chage.1.xml:263(para) msgid "User account information." msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:216(filename) usermod.8.xml:541(filename) userdel.8.xml:209(filename) useradd.8.xml:684(filename) su.1.xml:376(filename) sg.1.xml:119(filename) shadow.5.xml:264(filename) shadow.3.xml:229(filename) pwck.8.xml:284(filename) passwd.5.xml:150(filename) passwd.1.xml:417(filename) newusers.8.xml:406(filename) newgrp.1.xml:130(filename) login.1.xml:359(filename) expiry.1.xml:130(filename) chpasswd.8.xml:264(filename) chage.1.xml:268(filename) msgid "/etc/shadow" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:218(para) usermod.8.xml:543(para) userdel.8.xml:211(para) useradd.8.xml:686(para) su.1.xml:378(para) sg.1.xml:121(para) shadow.5.xml:266(para) shadow.3.xml:231(para) pwck.8.xml:286(para) passwd.1.xml:419(para) newusers.8.xml:408(para) newgrp.1.xml:132(para) login.1.xml:361(para) expiry.1.xml:132(para) chpasswd.8.xml:266(para) chage.1.xml:271(para) msgid "Secure user account information." msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:225(title) usermod.8.xml:562(title) userdel.8.xml:308(title) useradd.8.xml:804(title) suauth.5.xml:222(title) su.1.xml:438(title) sg.1.xml:140(title) shadow.5.xml:283(title) shadow.3.xml:238(title) pwconv.8.xml:262(title) pwck.8.xml:344(title) porttime.5.xml:142(title) passwd.5.xml:169(title) passwd.1.xml:489(title) nologin.8.xml:78(title) newusers.8.xml:451(title) newgrp.1.xml:151(title) login.defs.5.xml:534(title) login.access.5.xml:133(title) login.1.xml:398(title) limits.5.xml:206(title) gshadow.5.xml:174(title) grpck.8.xml:290(title) groups.1.xml:112(title) groupmod.8.xml:286(title) groupmems.8.xml:229(title) groupdel.8.xml:197(title) groupadd.8.xml:324(title) gpasswd.1.xml:297(title) faillog.8.xml:255(title) faillog.5.xml:108(title) expiry.1.xml:139(title) chsh.1.xml:191(title) chpasswd.8.xml:285(title) chgpasswd.8.xml:237(title) chfn.1.xml:225(title) chage.1.xml:311(title) msgid "SEE ALSO" msgstr "" #: vipw.8.xml:226(para) msgid "vi1, group5, gshadow5login.defs5, passwd5, tcb5, shadow5." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:45(firstname) userdel.8.xml:45(firstname) useradd.8.xml:56(firstname) su.1.xml:56(firstname) sg.1.xml:40(firstname) shadow.5.xml:39(firstname) shadow.3.xml:39(firstname) pwck.8.xml:45(firstname) porttime.5.xml:39(firstname) passwd.5.xml:39(firstname) passwd.1.xml:46(firstname) newusers.8.xml:54(firstname) newgrp.1.xml:40(firstname) logoutd.8.xml:39(firstname) login.defs.5.xml:104(firstname) login.1.xml:72(firstname) lastlog.8.xml:40(firstname) grpck.8.xml:40(firstname) groups.1.xml:39(firstname) groupmod.8.xml:40(firstname) groupdel.8.xml:40(firstname) groupadd.8.xml:42(firstname) faillog.8.xml:39(firstname) faillog.5.xml:39(firstname) expiry.1.xml:43(firstname) chsh.1.xml:42(firstname) chpasswd.8.xml:43(firstname) chfn.1.xml:42(firstname) chage.1.xml:40(firstname) msgid "Julianne Frances" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:46(surname) userdel.8.xml:46(surname) useradd.8.xml:57(surname) su.1.xml:57(surname) sg.1.xml:41(surname) shadow.5.xml:40(surname) shadow.3.xml:40(surname) pwck.8.xml:46(surname) porttime.5.xml:40(surname) passwd.5.xml:40(surname) passwd.1.xml:47(surname) newusers.8.xml:55(surname) newgrp.1.xml:41(surname) logoutd.8.xml:40(surname) login.defs.5.xml:105(surname) login.1.xml:73(surname) lastlog.8.xml:41(surname) grpck.8.xml:41(surname) groups.1.xml:40(surname) groupmod.8.xml:41(surname) groupdel.8.xml:41(surname) groupadd.8.xml:43(surname) faillog.8.xml:40(surname) faillog.5.xml:40(surname) expiry.1.xml:44(surname) chsh.1.xml:43(surname) chpasswd.8.xml:44(surname) chfn.1.xml:43(surname) chage.1.xml:41(surname) msgid "Haugh" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:47(contrib) userdel.8.xml:47(contrib) useradd.8.xml:58(contrib) sg.1.xml:42(contrib) newusers.8.xml:56(contrib) newgrp.1.xml:42(contrib) logoutd.8.xml:41(contrib) login.defs.5.xml:106(contrib) groups.1.xml:41(contrib) groupmod.8.xml:42(contrib) groupdel.8.xml:42(contrib) groupadd.8.xml:44(contrib) chpasswd.8.xml:45(contrib) msgid "Creation, 1991" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:63(refentrytitle) usermod.8.xml:70(refname) usermod.8.xml:76(command) login.defs.5.xml:498(term) msgid "usermod" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:71(refpurpose) msgid "modify a user account" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:80(replaceable) userdel.8.xml:78(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:90(replaceable) passwd.1.xml:82(replaceable) chsh.1.xml:78(replaceable) chfn.1.xml:78(replaceable) chage.1.xml:75(replaceable) msgid "LOGIN" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:86(para) msgid "The usermod command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:94(para) msgid "The options which apply to the usermod command are:" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:100(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:104(para) msgid "Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the option." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:111(term) useradd.8.xml:150(term) msgid ",  COMMENT" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:115(para) msgid "The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally modified using the chfn1 utility." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:124(term) msgid ",  HOME_DIR" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:128(para) msgid "The user's new login directory." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:131(para) msgid "If the option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:140(term) useradd.8.xml:188(term) useradd.8.xml:548(term) msgid ",  EXPIRE_DATE" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:144(para) useradd.8.xml:192(para) msgid "The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified in the format YYYY-MM-DD." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:148(para) msgid "An empty EXPIRE_DATE argument will disable the expiration of the account." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:152(para) usermod.8.xml:173(para) msgid "This option requires a /etc/shadow file. A /etc/shadow entry will be created if there were none." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:160(term) useradd.8.xml:205(term) useradd.8.xml:560(term) msgid ",  INACTIVE" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:164(para) msgid "The number of days after a password expires until the account is permanently disabled." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:168(para) msgid "A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the password has expired, and a value of -1 disables the feature." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:181(term) useradd.8.xml:224(term) useradd.8.xml:575(term) msgid ",  GROUP" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:185(para) msgid "The group name or number of the user's new initial login group. The group must exist." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:189(para) msgid "Any file from the user's home directory owned by the previous primary group of the user will be owned by this new group." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:193(para) msgid "The group ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be fixed manually." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:200(term) useradd.8.xml:251(term) msgid ",  GROUP1[,GROUP2,...[,GROUPN]]]" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:204(para) msgid "A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the option." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:211(para) msgid "If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:220(term) msgid ",  NEW_LOGIN" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:224(para) msgid "The name of the user will be changed from LOGIN to NEW_LOGIN. Nothing else is changed. In particular, the user's home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:234(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:238(para) msgid "Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with or ." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:244(para) msgid "Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the EXPIRE_DATE to 1." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:253(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:257(para) msgid "Move the content of the user's home directory to the new location." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:261(para) msgid "This option is only valid in combination with the (or ) option." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:265(para) msgid "usermod will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:273(term) useradd.8.xml:385(term) groupmod.8.xml:146(term) groupadd.8.xml:157(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:277(para) msgid "When used with the option, this option allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:284(term) useradd.8.xml:397(term) groupmod.8.xml:157(term) groupadd.8.xml:167(term) msgid ",  PASSWORD" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:288(para) groupmod.8.xml:161(para) msgid "The encrypted password, as returned by crypt3." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:293(para) useradd.8.xml:406(para) groupmod.8.xml:166(para) groupadd.8.xml:176(para) msgid "Note: This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:298(para) msgid "The password will be written in the local /etc/passwd or /etc/shadow file. This might differ from the password database configured in your PAM configuration." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:304(para) useradd.8.xml:411(para) groupmod.8.xml:171(para) groupadd.8.xml:181(para) msgid "You should make sure the password respects the system's password policy." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:323(term) useradd.8.xml:457(term) useradd.8.xml:595(term) su.1.xml:187(term) chsh.1.xml:119(term) msgid ",  SHELL" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:327(para) chsh.1.xml:123(para) msgid "The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank causes the system to select the default login shell." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:334(term) useradd.8.xml:471(term) msgid ",  UID" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:338(para) msgid "The new numerical value of the user's ID." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:341(para) msgid "This value must be unique, unless the option is used. The value must be non-negative." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:346(para) msgid "The user's mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are located in the user's home directory will have the file user ID changed automatically." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:351(para) msgid "The ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be fixed manually." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:355(para) msgid "No checks will be performed with regard to the , , , or from /etc/login.defs." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:364(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:368(para) msgid "Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted password. You can't use this option with or ." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:373(para) msgid "Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the EXPIRE_DATE (for example to 99999, or to the value from /etc/default/useradd)." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:384(term) msgid ",  FIRST-LAST" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:388(para) msgid "Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:391(para) usermod.8.xml:429(para) msgid "This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:394(para) usermod.8.xml:414(para) msgid "No checks will be performed with regard to , , or from /etc/login.defs." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:402(term) msgid ",  FIRST-LAST" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:406(para) msgid "Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:409(para) msgid "This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account. When both and are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:422(term) msgid ",  FIRST-LAST" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:426(para) msgid "Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:432(para) usermod.8.xml:452(para) msgid "No checks will be performed with regard to , , or from /etc/login.defs." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:440(term) msgid ",  FIRST-LAST" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:444(para) msgid "Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:447(para) msgid "This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account. When both and are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:460(term) useradd.8.xml:506(term) msgid ",  SEUSER" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:464(para) msgid "The new SELinux user for the user's login." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:467(para) msgid "A blank SEUSER will remove the SELinux user mapping for user LOGIN (if any)." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:478(title) userdel.8.xml:281(title) useradd.8.xml:623(title) su.1.xml:331(title) shadow.3.xml:218(title) passwd.1.xml:372(title) newusers.8.xml:350(title) login.1.xml:260(title) lastlog.8.xml:194(title) groupdel.8.xml:116(title) groupadd.8.xml:257(title) gpasswd.1.xml:252(title) faillog.8.xml:232(title) chpasswd.8.xml:231(title) chgpasswd.8.xml:186(title) msgid "CAVEATS" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:479(para) msgid "You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. usermod checks this on Linux, but only check if the user is logged in according to utmp on other architectures." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:487(para) msgid "You must change the owner of any crontab files or at jobs manually." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:491(para) msgid "You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS server." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:32(term) userdel.8.xml:32(term) useradd.8.xml:32(term) su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:34(para) userdel.8.xml:34(para) useradd.8.xml:34(para) su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "The mail spool directory. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted. If not specified, a compile-time default is used." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:41(term) userdel.8.xml:41(term) useradd.8.xml:41(term) su.1.xml:41(term) login.defs.5.xml:41(term) login.1.xml:41(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:43(para) userdel.8.xml:43(para) useradd.8.xml:43(para) su.1.xml:43(para) login.defs.5.xml:43(para) login.1.xml:43(para) msgid "Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home directory." msgstr "" #. FIXME: MAIL_FILE not used in useradd #: usermod.8.xml:50(para) userdel.8.xml:50(para) useradd.8.xml:50(para) su.1.xml:50(para) login.defs.5.xml:50(para) login.1.xml:50(para) msgid "The and variables are used by useradd, usermod, and userdel to create, move, or delete the user's mail spool." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:56(para) userdel.8.xml:56(para) useradd.8.xml:56(para) su.1.xml:56(para) login.defs.5.xml:56(para) login.1.xml:56(para) msgid "If is set to yes, they are also used to define the MAIL environment variable." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:30(term) userdel.8.xml:30(term) useradd.8.xml:30(term) pwconv.8.xml:30(term) newusers.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term) grpck.8.xml:30(term) groupmod.8.xml:30(term) groupmems.8.xml:30(term) groupdel.8.xml:30(term) groupadd.8.xml:30(term) gpasswd.1.xml:30(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:30(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:32(para) userdel.8.xml:32(para) useradd.8.xml:32(para) pwconv.8.xml:32(para) newusers.8.xml:32(para) login.defs.5.xml:32(para) grpck.8.xml:32(para) groupmod.8.xml:32(para) groupmems.8.xml:32(para) groupdel.8.xml:32(para) groupadd.8.xml:32(para) gpasswd.1.xml:32(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:32(para) msgid "Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in /etc/group (with the same name, same password, and same GID)." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:37(para) userdel.8.xml:37(para) useradd.8.xml:37(para) pwconv.8.xml:37(para) newusers.8.xml:37(para) login.defs.5.xml:37(para) grpck.8.xml:37(para) groupmod.8.xml:37(para) groupmems.8.xml:37(para) groupdel.8.xml:37(para) groupadd.8.xml:37(para) gpasswd.1.xml:37(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:37(para) msgid "The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group." msgstr "" #. Note: on HP, split groups have the same ID, but different #. names. #: usermod.8.xml:43(para) userdel.8.xml:43(para) useradd.8.xml:43(para) pwconv.8.xml:43(para) newusers.8.xml:43(para) login.defs.5.xml:43(para) grpck.8.xml:43(para) groupmod.8.xml:43(para) groupmems.8.xml:43(para) groupdel.8.xml:43(para) groupadd.8.xml:43(para) gpasswd.1.xml:43(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:43(para) msgid "This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:48(para) userdel.8.xml:48(para) useradd.8.xml:48(para) pwconv.8.xml:48(para) newusers.8.xml:48(para) login.defs.5.xml:48(para) grpck.8.xml:48(para) groupmod.8.xml:48(para) groupmems.8.xml:48(para) groupdel.8.xml:48(para) groupadd.8.xml:48(para) gpasswd.1.xml:48(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:48(para) msgid "If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:51(para) userdel.8.xml:51(para) useradd.8.xml:51(para) pwconv.8.xml:51(para) newusers.8.xml:51(para) login.defs.5.xml:51(para) grpck.8.xml:51(para) groupmod.8.xml:51(para) groupmems.8.xml:51(para) groupdel.8.xml:51(para) groupadd.8.xml:51(para) gpasswd.1.xml:51(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:51(para) msgid "Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite). You should not use this variable unless you really need it." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:30(term) useradd.8.xml:30(term) newusers.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:31(term) useradd.8.xml:31(term) newusers.8.xml:31(term) login.defs.5.xml:31(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:32(term) useradd.8.xml:32(term) newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:34(para) useradd.8.xml:34(para) newusers.8.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) msgid "If /etc/subuid exists, the commands useradd and newusers (unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate unused group IDs from the range to for each new user." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:42(para) useradd.8.xml:42(para) newusers.8.xml:42(para) login.defs.5.xml:42(para) msgid "The default values for , , are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 10000." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:30(term) useradd.8.xml:30(term) newusers.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:31(term) useradd.8.xml:31(term) newusers.8.xml:31(term) login.defs.5.xml:31(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:32(term) useradd.8.xml:32(term) newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:34(para) useradd.8.xml:34(para) newusers.8.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) msgid "If /etc/subuid exists, the commands useradd and newusers (unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate unused user IDs from the range to for each new user." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:42(para) useradd.8.xml:42(para) newusers.8.xml:42(para) login.defs.5.xml:42(para) msgid "The default values for , , are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 10000." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:30(term) userdel.8.xml:30(term) useradd.8.xml:30(term) pwck.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:37(programlisting) userdel.8.xml:37(programlisting) useradd.8.xml:37(programlisting) pwck.8.xml:37(programlisting) login.defs.5.xml:37(programlisting) #, no-wrap msgid "\nif ( UID is less than 1000) {\n use /etc/tcb/user\n} else if ( UID is less than 1000000) {\n kilos = UID / 1000\n use /etc/tcb/:kilos/user\n make symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory\n} else {\n megas = UID / 1000000\n kilos = ( UID / megas * 1000000 ) / 1000\n use /etc/tcb/:megas/:kilos/user\n make symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory\n}\n " msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:32(para) userdel.8.xml:32(para) useradd.8.xml:32(para) pwck.8.xml:32(para) login.defs.5.xml:32(para) msgid "If yes, the location of the user tcb directory to be created will not be automatically set to /etc/tcb/user, but will be computed depending on the UID of the user, according to the following algorithm: " msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:529(filename) userdel.8.xml:197(filename) useradd.8.xml:726(filename) su.1.xml:382(filename) pwconv.8.xml:253(filename) passwd.1.xml:423(filename) newusers.8.xml:424(filename) login.access.5.xml:124(filename) login.1.xml:389(filename) groupmod.8.xml:220(filename) groupadd.8.xml:248(filename) chsh.1.xml:182(filename) chpasswd.8.xml:270(filename) chgpasswd.8.xml:228(filename) chfn.1.xml:210(filename) msgid "/etc/login.defs" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:531(para) userdel.8.xml:199(para) useradd.8.xml:728(para) su.1.xml:384(para) pwconv.8.xml:255(para) passwd.1.xml:425(para) newusers.8.xml:426(para) login.access.5.xml:126(para) login.1.xml:391(para) groupmod.8.xml:222(para) groupadd.8.xml:250(para) chsh.1.xml:184(para) chpasswd.8.xml:272(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:230(para) chfn.1.xml:212(para) msgid "Shadow password suite configuration." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:547(filename) userdel.8.xml:215(filename) useradd.8.xml:714(filename) newusers.8.xml:436(filename) msgid "/etc/subgid" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:549(para) userdel.8.xml:217(para) useradd.8.xml:716(para) newusers.8.xml:438(para) msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:553(filename) userdel.8.xml:221(filename) useradd.8.xml:720(filename) newusers.8.xml:442(filename) msgid "/etc/subuid" msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:555(para) userdel.8.xml:223(para) useradd.8.xml:722(para) newusers.8.xml:444(para) msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs." msgstr "" #: usermod.8.xml:563(para) msgid "chfn1, chsh1, passwd1, crypt3, gpasswd8, groupadd8, groupdel8, groupmod8, login.defs5, subgid5, subuid5, useradd8, userdel8." msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:63(refentrytitle) userdel.8.xml:70(refname) userdel.8.xml:75(command) login.defs.5.xml:488(term) msgid "userdel" msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:71(refpurpose) msgid "delete a user account and related files" msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:85(para) msgid "The userdel command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name LOGIN. The named user must exist." msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:94(para) msgid "The options which apply to the userdel command are:" msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:99(term) groupadd.8.xml:100(term) expiry.1.xml:103(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:103(para) msgid "This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is still logged in. It also forces userdel to remove the user's home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user. If is defined to yes in /etc/login.defs and if a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user." msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:116(para) msgid "Note: This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state." msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:129(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:133(para) msgid "Files in the user's home directory will be removed along with the home directory itself and the user's mail spool. Files located in other file systems will have to be searched for and deleted manually." msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:139(para) msgid "The mail spool is defined by the variable in the login.defs file." msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:158(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:162(para) msgid "Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user's login." msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:33(term) login.defs.5.xml:33(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:35(para) login.defs.5.xml:35(para) msgid "If defined, this command is run when removing a user. It should remove any at/cron/print jobs etc. owned by the user to be removed (passed as the first argument)." msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:40(para) login.defs.5.xml:40(para) msgid "The return code of the script is not taken into account." msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:46(programlisting) login.defs.5.xml:46(programlisting) #, no-wrap msgid "\n#! /bin/sh\n\n# Check for the required argument.\nif [ $# != 1 ]; then\n\techo \"Usage: $0 username\"\n\texit 1\nfi\n\n# Remove cron jobs.\ncrontab -r -u $1\n\n# Remove at jobs.\n# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID,\n# even if it was shared by a different username.\nAT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs\nfind $AT_SPOOL_DIR -name \"[^.]*\" -type f -user $1 -delete \\;\n\n# Remove print jobs.\nlprm $1\n\n# All done.\nexit 0\n " msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:43(para) login.defs.5.xml:43(para) msgid "Here is an example script, which removes the user's cron, at and print jobs: " msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:32(term) useradd.8.xml:32(term) su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:34(para) useradd.8.xml:34(para) su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits (examples: 022 -> 002, 077 -> 007) for non-root users, if the uid is the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name." msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:39(para) useradd.8.xml:39(para) su.1.xml:39(para) login.defs.5.xml:39(para) login.1.xml:39(para) msgid "If set to yes, userdel will remove the user's group if it contains no more members, and useradd will create by default a group with the name of the user." msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:230(title) useradd.8.xml:735(title) su.1.xml:391(title) pwck.8.xml:293(title) passwd.1.xml:438(title) grpck.8.xml:245(title) groupmod.8.xml:235(title) groupdel.8.xml:158(title) groupadd.8.xml:279(title) chage.1.xml:278(title) msgid "EXIT VALUES" msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:235(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:740(replaceable) su.1.xml:410(replaceable) pwck.8.xml:298(replaceable) passwd.1.xml:443(replaceable) grpck.8.xml:250(replaceable) groupmod.8.xml:240(replaceable) groupdel.8.xml:163(replaceable) groupadd.8.xml:284(replaceable) chage.1.xml:283(replaceable) msgid "0" msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:237(para) useradd.8.xml:742(para) pwck.8.xml:300(para) passwd.1.xml:445(para) grpck.8.xml:252(para) groupmod.8.xml:242(para) groupdel.8.xml:165(para) groupadd.8.xml:286(para) chage.1.xml:285(para) msgid "success" msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:241(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:746(replaceable) su.1.xml:75(manvolnum) su.1.xml:416(replaceable) sg.1.xml:59(manvolnum) pwck.8.xml:304(replaceable) passwd.1.xml:65(manvolnum) passwd.1.xml:449(replaceable) newgrp.1.xml:59(manvolnum) login.1.xml:91(manvolnum) grpck.8.xml:256(replaceable) groups.1.xml:58(manvolnum) gpasswd.1.xml:63(manvolnum) expiry.1.xml:62(manvolnum) chsh.1.xml:61(manvolnum) chfn.1.xml:61(manvolnum) chage.1.xml:59(manvolnum) chage.1.xml:289(replaceable) msgid "1" msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:243(para) useradd.8.xml:748(para) msgid "can't update password file" msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:247(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:752(replaceable) pwck.8.xml:310(replaceable) passwd.1.xml:455(replaceable) grpck.8.xml:262(replaceable) groupmod.8.xml:246(replaceable) groupdel.8.xml:169(replaceable) groupadd.8.xml:290(replaceable) chage.1.xml:295(replaceable) msgid "2" msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:249(para) useradd.8.xml:754(para) pwck.8.xml:306(para) grpck.8.xml:258(para) groupmod.8.xml:248(para) groupdel.8.xml:171(para) groupadd.8.xml:292(para) chage.1.xml:297(para) msgid "invalid command syntax" msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:253(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:770(replaceable) pwck.8.xml:334(replaceable) passwd.1.xml:479(replaceable) groupmod.8.xml:264(replaceable) groupdel.8.xml:175(replaceable) msgid "6" msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:255(para) msgid "specified user doesn't exist" msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:261(para) msgid "user currently logged in" msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:265(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:782(replaceable) groupmod.8.xml:276(replaceable) groupdel.8.xml:187(replaceable) groupadd.8.xml:314(replaceable) msgid "10" msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:267(para) useradd.8.xml:784(para) groupmod.8.xml:278(para) groupdel.8.xml:189(para) groupadd.8.xml:316(para) msgid "can't update group file" msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:271(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:788(replaceable) msgid "12" msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:273(para) msgid "can't remove home directory" msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:231(para) msgid "The userdel command exits with the following values: " msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:282(para) msgid "userdel will not allow you to remove an account if there are running processes which belong to this account. In that case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user's password or account and remove the account later. The option can force the deletion of this account." msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:289(para) msgid "You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain owned by this user." msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:293(para) msgid "You may not remove any NIS attributes on a NIS client. This must be performed on the NIS server." msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:296(para) msgid "If is defined to yes in /etc/login.defs, userdel will delete the group with the same name as the user. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, userdel will check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise. The option can force the deletion of this group." msgstr "" #: userdel.8.xml:309(para) msgid "chfn1, chsh1, passwd1, login.defs5, gpasswd8, groupadd8, groupdel8, groupmod8, subgid5, subuid5, useradd8, usermod8." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:74(refentrytitle) useradd.8.xml:81(refname) useradd.8.xml:86(command) useradd.8.xml:93(command) useradd.8.xml:97(command) login.defs.5.xml:472(term) msgid "useradd" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:82(refpurpose) msgid "create a new user or update default new user information" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:94(arg) useradd.8.xml:98(arg) msgid "-D" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:107(para) msgid "When invoked without the option, the useradd command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system. Depending on command line options, the useradd command will update system files and may also create the new user's home directory and copy initial files." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:116(para) msgid "By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see , , , and )." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:125(para) msgid "The options which apply to the useradd command are:" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:129(term) useradd.8.xml:530(term) msgid ",  BASE_DIR" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:133(para) msgid "The default base directory for the system if  HOME_DIR is not specified. BASE_DIR is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory. If the option is not used, BASE_DIR must exist." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:140(para) msgid "If this option is not specified, useradd will use the base directory specified by the variable in /etc/default/useradd, or /home by default." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:154(para) msgid "Any text string. It is generally a short description of the login, and is currently used as the field for the user's full name." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:162(term) msgid ",  HOME_DIR" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:166(para) msgid "The new user will be created using HOME_DIR as the value for the user's login directory. The default is to append the LOGIN name to BASE_DIR and use that as the login directory name. The directory HOME_DIR does not have to exist but will not be created if it is missing." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:178(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:182(para) msgid "See below, the subsection \"Changing the default values\"." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:196(para) msgid "If not specified, useradd will use the default expiry date specified by the variable in /etc/default/useradd, or an empty string (no expiry) by default." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:209(para) msgid "The number of days after a password expires until the account is permanently disabled. A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the password has expired, and a value of -1 disables the feature." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:215(para) msgid "If not specified, useradd will use the default inactivity period specified by the variable in /etc/default/useradd, or -1 by default." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:228(para) msgid "The group name or number of the user's initial login group. The group name must exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:233(para) msgid "If not specified, the behavior of useradd will depend on the variable in /etc/login.defs. If this variable is set to yes (or is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname. If the variable is set to no (or is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the variable in /etc/default/useradd, or 100 by default." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:255(para) msgid "A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the option. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:272(term) msgid ",  SKEL_DIR" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:276(para) msgid "The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by useradd." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:281(para) msgid "This option is only valid if the (or ) option is specified." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:285(para) msgid "If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the variable in /etc/default/useradd or, by default, /etc/skel." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:291(para) msgid "If possible, the ACLs and extended attributes are copied." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:297(term) groupadd.8.xml:137(term) msgid ",  KEY=VALUE" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:301(para) msgid "Overrides /etc/login.defs defaults (, , , and others). Example:  PASS_MAX_DAYS=-1 can be used when creating system account to turn off password ageing, even though system account has no password at all. Multiple options can be specified, e.g.:  UID_MIN=100  UID_MAX=499" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:322(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:324(para) msgid "Do not add the user to the lastlog and faillog databases." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:327(para) msgid "By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are resetted to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:335(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:339(para) msgid "Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with the option) will be copied to the home directory." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:345(para) msgid "By default, if this option is not specified and is not enabled, no home directories are created." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:354(option) msgid "-M" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:357(para) msgid "Do no create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting from /etc/login.defs () is set to yes." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:366(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:370(para) msgid "Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the option or by the variable in /etc/default/useradd." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:376(para) useradd.8.xml:497(para) msgid "The default behavior (if the , , and options are not specified) is defined by the variable in /etc/login.defs." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:389(para) msgid "Allow the creation of a user account with a duplicate (non-unique) UID." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:390(para) msgid "This option is only valid in combination with the option." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:401(para) groupadd.8.xml:171(para) msgid "The encrypted password, as returned by crypt3. The default is to disable the password." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:418(term) newusers.8.xml:289(term) groupadd.8.xml:188(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:422(para) newusers.8.xml:293(para) msgid "Create a system account." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:425(para) msgid "System users will be created with no aging information in /etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the - range, defined in /etc/login.defs, instead of - (and their counterparts for the creation of groups)." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:434(para) msgid "Note that useradd will not create a home directory for such an user, regardless of the default setting in /etc/login.defs (). You have to specify the options if you want a home directory for a system account to be created." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:461(para) msgid "The name of the user's login shell. The default is to leave this field blank, which causes the system to select the default login shell specified by the variable in /etc/default/useradd, or an empty string by default." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:475(para) msgid "The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless the option is used. The value must be non-negative. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to and greater than every other user." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:482(para) msgid "See also the option and the description." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:489(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:493(para) msgid "Create a group with the same name as the user, and add the user to this group." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:510(para) msgid "The SELinux user for the user's login. The default is to leave this field blank, which causes the system to select the default SELinux user." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:520(title) msgid "Changing the default values" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:521(para) msgid "When invoked with only the option, useradd will display the current default values. When invoked with plus other options, useradd will update the default values for the specified options. Valid default-changing options are:" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:534(para) msgid "The path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will be affixed to the end of BASE_DIR to form the new user's home directory name, if the option is not used when creating a new account." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:541(para) msgid "This option sets the variable in /etc/default/useradd." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:552(para) msgid "The date on which the user account is disabled." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:553(para) msgid "This option sets the variable in /etc/default/useradd." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:564(para) msgid "The number of days after a password has expired before the account will be disabled." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:568(para) msgid "This option sets the variable in /etc/default/useradd." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:579(para) msgid "The group name or ID for a new user's initial group (when the is used or when the variable is set to no in /etc/login.defs). The named group must exist, and a numerical group ID must have an existing entry." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:588(para) msgid "This option sets the variable in /etc/default/useradd." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:599(para) msgid "The name of a new user's login shell." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:602(para) msgid "This option sets the variable in /etc/default/useradd." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:614(title) msgid "NOTES" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:615(para) msgid "The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the /etc/skel/ directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in /etc/default/useradd or on the command line)." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:624(para) msgid "You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the corresponding server." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:629(para) msgid "Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP, useradd will deny the user account creation request." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:635(para) msgid "Usernames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. In regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:641(para) msgid "Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:32(para) login.defs.5.xml:32(para) msgid "Indicate if a home directory should be created by default for new users." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:36(para) login.defs.5.xml:36(para) msgid "This setting does not apply to system users, and can be overridden on the command line." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:32(term) newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) groupadd.8.xml:32(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:33(term) newusers.8.xml:33(term) login.defs.5.xml:33(term) groupadd.8.xml:33(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:35(para) newusers.8.xml:35(para) login.defs.5.xml:35(para) groupadd.8.xml:35(para) msgid "Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by useradd, groupadd, or newusers." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:40(para) newusers.8.xml:40(para) login.defs.5.xml:40(para) groupadd.8.xml:40(para) msgid "The default value for (resp. ) is 1000 (resp. 60000)." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:32(term) pwconv.8.xml:32(term) pwck.8.xml:32(term) newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:34(para) pwconv.8.xml:34(para) pwck.8.xml:34(para) newusers.8.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) msgid "The maximum number of days a password may be used. If the password is older than this, a password change will be forced. If not specified, -1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:32(term) pwconv.8.xml:32(term) pwck.8.xml:32(term) newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:34(para) pwconv.8.xml:34(para) pwck.8.xml:34(para) newusers.8.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) msgid "The minimum number of days allowed between password changes. Any password changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected. If not specified, -1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:32(term) pwconv.8.xml:32(term) pwck.8.xml:32(term) newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:34(para) pwconv.8.xml:34(para) pwck.8.xml:34(para) newusers.8.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) msgid "The number of days warning given before a password expires. A zero means warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means no warning is given. If not specified, no warning will be provided." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:30(term) newusers.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term) groupadd.8.xml:30(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:31(term) newusers.8.xml:31(term) login.defs.5.xml:31(term) groupadd.8.xml:31(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:33(para) newusers.8.xml:33(para) login.defs.5.xml:33(para) groupadd.8.xml:33(para) msgid "Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by useradd, groupadd, or newusers." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:38(para) newusers.8.xml:38(para) login.defs.5.xml:38(para) groupadd.8.xml:38(para) msgid "The default value for (resp. ) is 101 (resp. -1)." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:30(term) newusers.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:31(term) newusers.8.xml:31(term) login.defs.5.xml:31(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:33(para) newusers.8.xml:33(para) login.defs.5.xml:33(para) msgid "Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by useradd or newusers." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:37(para) newusers.8.xml:37(para) login.defs.5.xml:37(para) msgid "The default value for (resp. ) is 101 (resp. -1)." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:30(term) pwck.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:32(para) pwck.8.xml:32(para) login.defs.5.xml:32(para) msgid "If yes, newly created tcb shadow files will be group owned by the auth group." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:32(term) newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:33(term) newusers.8.xml:33(term) login.defs.5.xml:33(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:35(para) newusers.8.xml:35(para) login.defs.5.xml:35(para) msgid "Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by useradd or newusers." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:39(para) newusers.8.xml:39(para) login.defs.5.xml:39(para) msgid "The default value for (resp. ) is 1000 (resp. 60000)." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:32(term) newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:34(para) newusers.8.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value. If not specified, the mask will be initialized to 022." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:38(para) newusers.8.xml:38(para) login.defs.5.xml:38(para) login.1.xml:38(para) msgid "useradd and newusers use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:42(para) newusers.8.xml:42(para) login.defs.5.xml:42(para) login.1.xml:42(para) msgid "It is also used by login to define users' initial umask. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user's GECOS line (if is set) or by the specification of a limit with the K identifier in limits5." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:50(para) newusers.8.xml:50(para) login.defs.5.xml:50(para) login.1.xml:50(para) msgid "It is also used by pam_umask as the default umask value." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:702(filename) msgid "/etc/default/useradd" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:704(para) msgid "Default values for account creation." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:708(filename) msgid "/etc/skel/" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:710(para) msgid "Directory containing default files." msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:758(replaceable) shadow.3.xml:58(manvolnum) pwck.8.xml:316(replaceable) passwd.1.xml:461(replaceable) grpck.8.xml:268(replaceable) groupmod.8.xml:252(replaceable) groupadd.8.xml:296(replaceable) msgid "3" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:760(para) passwd.1.xml:481(para) groupmod.8.xml:254(para) groupadd.8.xml:298(para) msgid "invalid argument to option" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:764(replaceable) pwck.8.xml:322(replaceable) passwd.1.xml:467(replaceable) grpck.8.xml:274(replaceable) groupmod.8.xml:258(replaceable) groupadd.8.xml:302(replaceable) msgid "4" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:766(para) msgid "UID already in use (and no )" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:772(para) groupmod.8.xml:260(para) groupmod.8.xml:266(para) groupdel.8.xml:177(para) msgid "specified group doesn't exist" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:776(replaceable) groupmod.8.xml:270(replaceable) groupadd.8.xml:308(replaceable) msgid "9" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:778(para) msgid "username already in use" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:790(para) msgid "can't create home directory" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:794(replaceable) msgid "14" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:796(para) msgid "can't update SELinux user mapping" msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:736(para) msgid "The useradd command exits with the following values: " msgstr "" #: useradd.8.xml:805(para) msgid "chfn1, chsh1, passwd1, crypt3, groupadd8, groupdel8, groupmod8, login.defs5, newusers8, subgid5, subuid5, userdel8, usermod8." msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:41(contrib) pwconv.8.xml:47(contrib) login.access.5.xml:42(contrib) gpasswd.1.xml:46(contrib) msgid "Creation, 1996" msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:57(refentrytitle) suauth.5.xml:64(refname) msgid "suauth" msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:58(manvolnum) shadow.5.xml:58(manvolnum) pwck.8.xml:328(replaceable) porttime.5.xml:58(manvolnum) passwd.5.xml:58(manvolnum) passwd.1.xml:473(replaceable) login.defs.5.xml:123(manvolnum) login.access.5.xml:59(manvolnum) limits.5.xml:60(manvolnum) gshadow.5.xml:47(manvolnum) grpck.8.xml:280(replaceable) faillog.5.xml:58(manvolnum) msgid "5" msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:59(refmiscinfo) shadow.5.xml:59(refmiscinfo) porttime.5.xml:59(refmiscinfo) passwd.5.xml:59(refmiscinfo) login.defs.5.xml:124(refmiscinfo) login.access.5.xml:60(refmiscinfo) limits.5.xml:61(refmiscinfo) gshadow.5.xml:48(refmiscinfo) faillog.5.xml:59(refmiscinfo) msgid "File Formats and Conversions" msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:65(refpurpose) msgid "detailed su control file" msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:70(command) suauth.5.xml:196(filename) msgid "/etc/suauth" msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:76(para) msgid "The file /etc/suauth is referenced whenever the su command is called. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:" msgstr "" #. .RS #: suauth.5.xml:83(literallayout) #, no-wrap msgid "\n 1) the user su is targetting\n " msgstr "" #. .fi #: suauth.5.xml:87(para) msgid "2) the user executing the su command (or any groups he might be a member of)" msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:92(para) msgid "The file is formatted like this, with lines starting with a # being treated as comment lines and ignored;" msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:97(literallayout) #, no-wrap msgid "\n to-id:from-id:ACTION\n " msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:101(para) msgid "Where to-id is either the word ALL, a list of usernames delimited by \",\" or the words ALL EXCEPT followed by a list of usernames delimited by \",\"." msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:107(para) msgid "from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word GROUP is recognised. ALL EXCEPT GROUP is perfectly valid too. Following GROUP appears one or more group names, delimited by \",\". It is not sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in /etc/group5 is neccessary." msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:118(para) msgid "Action can be one only of the following currently supported options." msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:124(emphasis) msgid "DENY" msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:127(para) msgid "The attempt to su is stopped before a password is even asked for." msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:134(emphasis) msgid "NOPASS" msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:137(para) msgid "The attempt to su is automatically successful; no password is asked for." msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:145(emphasis) msgid "OWNPASS" msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:148(para) msgid "For the su command to be successful, the user must enter his or her own password. They are told this." msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:156(para) msgid "Note there are three separate fields delimited by a colon. No whitespace must surround this colon. Also note that the file is examined sequentially line by line, and the first applicable rule is used without examining the file further. This makes it possible for a system administrator to exercise as fine control as he or she wishes." msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:166(title) msgid "EXAMPLE" msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:167(literallayout) #, no-wrap msgid "\n # sample /etc/suauth file\n #\n # A couple of privileged usernames may\n # su to root with their own password.\n #\n root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS\n #\n # Anyone else may not su to root unless in\n # group wheel. This is how BSD does things.\n #\n root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY\n #\n # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts\n # owned by the same person.\n # Access can be arranged between them\n # with no password.\n #\n terry:birddog:NOPASS\n birddog:terry:NOPASS\n #\n " msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:203(title) pwconv.8.xml:216(title) login.defs.5.xml:518(title) msgid "BUGS" msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:204(para) msgid "There could be plenty lurking. The file parser is particularly unforgiving about syntax errors, expecting no spurious whitespace (apart from beginning and end of lines), and a specific token delimiting different things." msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:213(title) shadow.3.xml:208(title) msgid "DIAGNOSTICS" msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:214(para) msgid "An error parsing the file is reported using syslogd8 as level ERR on facility AUTH." msgstr "" #: suauth.5.xml:223(para) msgid "su1." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:58(contrib) shadow.5.xml:41(contrib) shadow.3.xml:41(contrib) porttime.5.xml:41(contrib) passwd.5.xml:41(contrib) passwd.1.xml:48(contrib) login.1.xml:74(contrib) faillog.8.xml:41(contrib) faillog.5.xml:41(contrib) msgid "Creation, 1989" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:74(refentrytitle) su.1.xml:81(refname) su.1.xml:86(command) login.defs.5.xml:446(term) msgid "su" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:76(refmiscinfo) sg.1.xml:60(refmiscinfo) passwd.1.xml:66(refmiscinfo) newgrp.1.xml:60(refmiscinfo) login.1.xml:92(refmiscinfo) groups.1.xml:59(refmiscinfo) gpasswd.1.xml:64(refmiscinfo) expiry.1.xml:63(refmiscinfo) chsh.1.xml:62(refmiscinfo) chfn.1.xml:62(refmiscinfo) chage.1.xml:60(refmiscinfo) msgid "User Commands" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:82(refpurpose) msgid "change user ID or become superuser" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:92(replaceable) login.1.xml:107(replaceable) login.1.xml:115(replaceable) msgid "username" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:100(para) msgid "The su command is used to become another user during a login session. Invoked without a , su defaults to becoming the superuser. The optional argument may be used to provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:109(para) msgid "Additional arguments may be provided after the username, in which case they are supplied to the user's login shell. In particular, an argument of will cause the next argument to be treated as a command by most command interpreters. The command will be executed by the shell specified in /etc/passwd for the target user." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:118(para) msgid "You can use the argument to separate su options from the arguments supplied to the shell." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:123(para) msgid "The user will be prompted for a password, if appropriate. Invalid passwords will produce an error message. All attempts, both valid and invalid, are logged to detect abuse of the system." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:128(para) msgid "The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of $PATH is reset to /bin:/usr/bin for normal users, or /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin for the superuser. This may be changed with the and definitions in /etc/login.defs." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:137(para) login.1.xml:188(para) msgid "A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a \"*\" as the first character of the login shell. The given home directory will be used as the root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:146(para) msgid "The options which apply to the su command are:" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:150(term) msgid ",  COMMAND" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:154(para) msgid "Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its ." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:158(para) msgid "The executed command will have no controlling terminal. This option cannot be used to execute interractive programs which need a controlling TTY." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:168(term) msgid ", , " msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:172(para) msgid "Provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:176(para) msgid "When is used, it must be specified before any . For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any . The other forms ( and ) do not have this restriction." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:191(para) msgid "The shell that will be invoked." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:199(para) msgid "The shell specified with --shell." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:202(para) msgid "If is used, the shell specified by the $SHELL environment variable." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:209(para) msgid "The shell indicated in the /etc/passwd entry for the target user." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:215(para) msgid "/bin/sh if a shell could not be found by any above method." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:192(para) msgid "The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): " msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:220(para) msgid "If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of this user's entry in /etc/passwd is not listed in /etc/shells), then the option or the $SHELL environment variable won't be taken into account, unless su is called by root." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:231(term) msgid ", , " msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:240(envar) msgid "$PATH" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:242(para) msgid "reset according to the /etc/login.defs options or (see below);" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:251(envar) msgid "$IFS" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:253(para) msgid "reset to <space><tab><newline>, if it was set." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:236(para) msgid "Preserve the current environment, except for: " msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:262(para) msgid "If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless su is called by root)." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:271(para) msgid "The $HOME, $SHELL, $USER, $LOGNAME, $PATH, and $IFS environment variables are reset." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:280(para) msgid "If is not used, the environment is copied, except for the variables above." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:287(para) msgid "If is used, the $TERM, $COLORTERM, $DISPLAY, and $XAUTHORITY environment variables are copied if they were set." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:297(para) msgid "If is used, the $TZ, $HZ, and $MAIL environment variables are set according to the /etc/login.defs options , , , and (see below)." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:310(para) msgid "If is used, other environment variables might be set by the file (see below)." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:318(para) msgid "Other environments might be set by PAM modules." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:266(para) msgid "Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: " msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:332(para) msgid "This version of su has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "If defined, either full pathname of a file containing device names (one per line) or a \":\" delimited list of device names. Root logins will be allowed only upon these devices." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:39(para) login.defs.5.xml:39(para) login.1.xml:39(para) msgid "If not defined, root will be allowed on any device." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:42(para) login.defs.5.xml:42(para) login.1.xml:42(para) msgid "The device should be specified without the /dev/ prefix." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "List of groups to add to the user's supplementary groups set when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting). Default is none. Use with caution - it is possible for users to gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "Indicate if login is allowed if we can't cd to the home directory. Default is no." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:38(para) login.defs.5.xml:38(para) login.1.xml:38(para) msgid "If set to yes, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory." msgstr "" #. XXX: When compiled with PAM support, only sulogin uses ENV_HZ #: su.1.xml:33(term) login.defs.5.xml:33(term) login.1.xml:33(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:35(para) login.defs.5.xml:35(para) login.1.xml:35(para) msgid "If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login. The value must be preceded by HZ=. A common value on Linux is HZ=100." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:41(para) login.defs.5.xml:41(para) login.1.xml:41(para) msgid "The HZ environment variable is only set when the user (the superuser) logs in with sulogin." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "If this file exists and is readable, login environment will be read from it. Every line should be in the form name=value." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:38(para) login.defs.5.xml:38(para) login.1.xml:38(para) msgid "Lines starting with a # are treated as comment lines and ignored." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a regular user login. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example /bin:/usr/bin) and can be preceded by PATH=. The default value is PATH=/bin:/usr/bin." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superuser login. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin) and can be preceded by PATH=. The default value is PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by TZ= (for example TZ=CST6CDT), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example /etc/tzname)." msgstr "" #. TODO: it can in fact be used to set any other variable #: su.1.xml:43(para) login.defs.5.xml:43(para) login.1.xml:43(para) msgid "If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use TZ=CST6CDT." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) chsh.1.xml:32(term) chfn.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) chsh.1.xml:34(para) chfn.1.xml:34(para) msgid "The string used for prompting a password. The default is to use \"Password: \", or a translation of that string. If you set this variable, the prompt will not be translated." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:39(para) login.defs.5.xml:39(para) login.1.xml:39(para) chsh.1.xml:39(para) chfn.1.xml:39(para) msgid "If the string contains %s, this will be replaced by the user's name." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "Enable checking and display of mailbox status upon login." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:37(para) login.defs.5.xml:37(para) login.1.xml:37(para) msgid "You should disable it if the shell startup files already check for mail (\"mailx -e\" or equivalent)." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "Enable setting of resource limits from /etc/limits and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user's passwd gecos field." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) msgid "If defined, all su activity is logged to this file." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) msgid "If defined, the command name to display when running \"su -\". For example, if this is defined as \"su\" then a \"ps\" will display the command is \"-su\". If not defined, then \"ps\" would display the name of the shell actually being run, e.g. something like \"-sh\"." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:33(term) login.defs.5.xml:33(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:35(para) login.defs.5.xml:35(para) msgid "If yes, the user must be listed as a member of the first gid 0 group in /etc/group (called root on most Linux systems) to be able to su to uid 0 accounts. If the group doesn't exist or is empty, no one will be able to su to uid 0." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) msgid "Enable \"syslog\" logging of su activity - in addition to sulog file logging." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:392(para) msgid "On success, su returns the exit value of the command it executed." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:396(para) msgid "If this command was terminated by a signal, su returns the number of this signal plus 128." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:400(para) msgid "If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the command did not terminate in time), su returns 255." msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:412(para) msgid "success ( only)" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:418(para) msgid "System or authentication failure" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:422(replaceable) msgid "126" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:424(para) msgid "The requested command was not found" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:428(replaceable) msgid "127" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:430(para) msgid "The requested command could not be executed" msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:405(para) msgid "Some exit values from su are independent from the executed command: " msgstr "" #: su.1.xml:439(para) msgid "login1, login.defs5, sg1, sh1." msgstr "" #: sg.1.xml:58(refentrytitle) sg.1.xml:65(refname) sg.1.xml:71(command) msgid "sg" msgstr "" #: sg.1.xml:66(refpurpose) msgid "execute command as different group ID" msgstr "" #: sg.1.xml:72(arg) newgrp.1.xml:71(arg) msgid "-" msgstr "" #: sg.1.xml:74(arg) msgid "-c" msgstr "" #: sg.1.xml:73(arg) msgid "group command" msgstr "" #: sg.1.xml:82(para) msgid "The sg command works similar to newgrp but accepts a command. The command will be executed with the /bin/sh shell. With most shells you may run sg from, you need to enclose multi-word commands in quotes. Another difference between newgrp and sg is that some shells treat newgrp specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that newgrp creates. This doesn't happen with sg, so upon exit from a sg command you are returned to your previous group ID." msgstr "" #: sg.1.xml:32(term) newgrp.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: sg.1.xml:34(para) newgrp.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) msgid "Enable \"syslog\" logging of sg activity." msgstr "" #: sg.1.xml:141(para) msgid "id1, login1, newgrp1, su1, gpasswd1, group5, gshadow5." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:57(refentrytitle) shadow.5.xml:64(refname) shadow.3.xml:57(refentrytitle) shadow.3.xml:64(refname) pwck.8.xml:84(replaceable) grpck.8.xml:76(replaceable) msgid "shadow" msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:65(refpurpose) msgid "shadowed password file" msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:70(para) msgid "shadow is a file which contains the password information for the system's accounts and optional aging information." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:76(para) gshadow.5.xml:64(para) msgid "This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to be maintained." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:81(para) msgid "Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (:), in the following order:" msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:88(emphasis) passwd.5.xml:78(para) msgid "login name" msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:90(para) msgid "It must be a valid account name, which exist on the system." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:96(emphasis) gshadow.5.xml:83(emphasis) msgid "encrypted password" msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:98(para) gshadow.5.xml:85(para) msgid "Refer to crypt3 for details on how this string is interpreted." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:103(para) msgid "If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of crypt3, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:110(para) msgid "This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications which read the /etc/shadow file may decide not to permit any access at all if the password field is empty." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:117(para) gshadow.5.xml:107(para) msgid "A password field which starts with a exclamation mark means that the password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:127(emphasis) msgid "date of last password change" msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:130(para) msgid "The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:134(para) msgid "The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her pasword the next time she will log in the system." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:139(para) msgid "An empty field means that password aging features are disabled." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:146(emphasis) msgid "minimum password age" msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:148(para) msgid "The minimum password age is the number of days the user will have to wait before she will be allowed to change her password again." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:153(para) msgid "An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no minimum password age." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:160(emphasis) msgid "maximum password age" msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:162(para) msgid "The maximum password age is the number of days after which the user will have to change her password." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:166(para) msgid "After this number of days is elapsed, the password may still be valid. The user should be asked to change her password the next time she will log in." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:171(para) msgid "An empty field means that there are no maximum password age, no password warning period, and no password inactivity period (see below)." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:176(para) msgid "If the maximum password age is lower than the minimum password age, the user cannot change her password." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:184(emphasis) msgid "password warning period" msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:187(para) msgid "The number of days before a password is going to expire (see the maximum password age above) during which the user should be warned." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:192(para) msgid "An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no password warning period." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:200(emphasis) msgid "password inactivity period" msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:203(para) msgid "The number of days after a password has expired (see the maximum password age above) during which the password should still be accepted (and the user should update her password during the next login)." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:209(para) msgid "After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no login is possible using the current user's password. The user should contact her administrator." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:214(para) msgid "An empty field means that there are no enforcement of an inactivity period." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:222(emphasis) msgid "account expiration date" msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:225(para) msgid "The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:229(para) msgid "Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration. In case of an acount expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login. In case of a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:235(para) msgid "An empty field means that the account will never expire." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:238(para) msgid "The value 0 should not be used as it is interpreted as either an account with no expiration, or as an expiration on Jan 1, 1970." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:246(emphasis) msgid "reserved field" msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:248(para) msgid "This field is reserved for future use." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:270(filename) msgid "/etc/shadow-" msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:272(para) msgid "Backup file for /etc/shadow." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:273(para) passwd.5.xml:159(para) msgid "Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by all user and password management tools." msgstr "" #: shadow.5.xml:284(para) msgid "chage1, login1, passwd1, passwd5, pwck8, pwconv8, pwunconv8, su1, sulogin8." msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:59(refmiscinfo) msgid "Library Calls" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:65(refname) msgid "getspnam" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:66(refpurpose) msgid "encrypted password file routines" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:70(title) msgid "SYNTAX" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:72(emphasis) msgid "#include <shadow.h>" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:76(emphasis) msgid "struct spwd *getspent();" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:80(emphasis) msgid "struct spwd *getspnam(char" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:81(emphasis) msgid "*name" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:81(emphasis) shadow.3.xml:94(emphasis) shadow.3.xml:99(emphasis) shadow.3.xml:105(emphasis) msgid ");" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:85(emphasis) msgid "void setspent();" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:89(emphasis) msgid "void endspent();" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:93(emphasis) msgid "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:94(emphasis) shadow.3.xml:105(emphasis) msgid "*fp" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:98(emphasis) msgid "struct spwd *sgetspent(char" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:99(emphasis) msgid "*cp" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:103(emphasis) msgid "int putspent(struct spwd" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:104(emphasis) msgid "*p," msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:104(emphasis) msgid "FILE" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:109(emphasis) msgid "int lckpwdf();" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:113(emphasis) msgid "int ulckpwdf();" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:119(para) msgid "shadow manipulates the contents of the shadow password file, /etc/shadow. The structure in the #include file is:" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:124(programlisting) #, no-wrap msgid "struct spwd {\n char\t\t*sp_namp; /* user login name */\n char\t\t*sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */\n long int\t\tsp_lstchg; /* last password change */\n long int\t\tsp_min; /* days until change allowed. */\n long int\t\tsp_max; /* days before change required */\n long int\t\tsp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */\n long int\t\tsp_inact; /* days before account inactive */\n long int\t\tsp_expire; /* date when account expires */\n unsigned long int\tsp_flag; /* reserved for future use */\n}\n " msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:136(para) msgid "The meanings of each field are:" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:139(para) msgid "sp_namp - pointer to null-terminated user name" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:142(para) msgid "sp_pwdp - pointer to null-terminated password" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:145(para) msgid "sp_lstchg - days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:148(para) msgid "sp_min - days before which password may not be changed" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:151(para) msgid "sp_max - days after which password must be changed" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:154(para) msgid "sp_warn - days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending password expiration" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:159(para) msgid "sp_inact - days after password expires that account is considered inactive and disabled" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:164(para) msgid "sp_expire - days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:167(para) msgid "sp_flag - reserved for future use" msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:175(para) msgid "getspent, getspname, fgetspent, and sgetspent each return a pointer to a struct spwd. getspent returns the next entry from the file, and fgetspent returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format. sgetspent returns a pointer to a struct spwd using the provided string as input. getspnam searches from the current position in the file for an entry matching name." msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:188(para) msgid "setspent and endspent may be used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file." msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:194(para) msgid "The lckpwdf and ulckpwdf routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the /etc/shadow file. lckpwdf attempts to acquire a lock using pw_lock for up to 15 seconds. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using spw_lock for the remainder of the initial 15 seconds. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds, lckpwdf returns -1. When both locks are acquired 0 is returned." msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:209(para) msgid "Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing. Routines which have int as the return value return 0 for success and -1 for failure." msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:219(para) msgid "These routines may only be used by the superuser as access to the shadow password file is restricted." msgstr "" #: shadow.3.xml:239(para) msgid "getpwent3, shadow5." msgstr "" #: pwconv.8.xml:63(refentrytitle) pwconv.8.xml:70(refname) pwconv.8.xml:79(command) login.defs.5.xml:429(term) msgid "pwconv" msgstr "" #: pwconv.8.xml:71(refname) pwconv.8.xml:85(command) login.defs.5.xml:438(term) msgid "pwunconv" msgstr "" #: pwconv.8.xml:72(refname) pwconv.8.xml:91(command) login.defs.5.xml:340(term) msgid "grpconv" msgstr "" #: pwconv.8.xml:73(refname) pwconv.8.xml:97(command) login.defs.5.xml:346(term) msgid "grpunconv" msgstr "" #: pwconv.8.xml:74(refpurpose) msgid "convert to and from shadow passwords and groups" msgstr "" #: pwconv.8.xml:106(para) msgid "The pwconv command creates shadow from passwd and an optionally existing shadow." msgstr "" #: pwconv.8.xml:111(para) msgid "pwconv does not work with enabled. To convert to tcb passwords, you should first use pwconv to convert to shadowed passwords by disabling in login.defs and then convert to tcb password using tcb_convert (and re-enable in login.defs.)" msgstr "" #: pwconv.8.xml:121(para) msgid "The pwunconv command creates passwd from passwd and shadow and then removes shadow." msgstr "" #: pwconv.8.xml:127(para) msgid "pwunconv does not work with enabled. You should first switch back from tcb to shadowed passwords using tcb_unconvert, and then disable in login.defs before using pwunconv." msgstr "" #: pwconv.8.xml:136(para) msgid "The grpconv command creates gshadow from group and an optionally existing gshadow." msgstr "" #: pwconv.8.xml:142(para) msgid "The grpunconv command creates group from group and gshadow and then removes gshadow." msgstr "" #: pwconv.8.xml:149(para) msgid "These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files: /etc/passwd, /etc/group, /etc/shadow, and /etc/gshadow." msgstr "" #: pwconv.8.xml:156(para) msgid "Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. pwconv and grpconv are similar. First, entries in the shadowed file which don't exist in the main file are removed. Then, shadowed entries which don't have `x' as the password in the main file are updated. Any missing shadowed entries are added. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x'. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand." msgstr "" #: pwconv.8.xml:167(para) msgid "pwconv will use the values of PASS_MIN_DAYS, PASS_MAX_DAYS, and PASS_WARN_AGE from /etc/login.defs when adding new entries to /etc/shadow." msgstr "" #: pwconv.8.xml:176(para) msgid "Likewise pwunconv and grpunconv are similar. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file. Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone. Finally, the shadowed file is removed. Some password aging information is lost by pwunconv. It will convert what it can." msgstr "" #: pwconv.8.xml:188(para) msgid "The options which apply to the pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, and grpunconv commands are:" msgstr "" #: pwconv.8.xml:217(para) msgid "Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways. Please run pwck and grpck to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups." msgstr "" #: pwconv.8.xml:228(para) msgid "The following configuration variable in /etc/login.defs changes the behavior of grpconv and grpunconv:" msgstr "" #: pwconv.8.xml:236(para) msgid "The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of pwconv:" msgstr "" #: pwconv.8.xml:263(para) msgid "grpck8, login.defs5, pwck8, tcb_convert8, tcb_unconvert8." msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:47(contrib) lastlog.8.xml:42(contrib) grpck.8.xml:42(contrib) msgid "Creation, 1992" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:63(refentrytitle) pwck.8.xml:70(refname) pwck.8.xml:76(command) login.defs.5.xml:420(term) msgid "pwck" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:71(refpurpose) msgid "verify integrity of password files" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:80(replaceable) passwd.5.xml:57(refentrytitle) passwd.5.xml:64(refname) passwd.1.xml:64(refentrytitle) passwd.1.xml:71(refname) passwd.1.xml:77(command) login.defs.5.xml:409(term) msgid "passwd" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:93(para) msgid "The pwck command verifies the integrity of the users and authentication information. It checks that all entries in /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow(or the files in /etc/tcb, when is enabled) have the proper format and contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors." msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:105(para) grpck.8.xml:94(para) msgid "Checks are made to verify that each entry has:" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:108(para) grpck.8.xml:98(para) msgid "the correct number of fields" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:111(para) msgid "a unique and valid user name" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:114(para) msgid "a valid user and group identifier" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:117(para) msgid "a valid primary group" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:120(para) msgid "a valid home directory" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:123(para) msgid "a valid login shell" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:127(para) msgid "shadow checks are enabled when a second file parameter is specified or when /etc/shadow exists on the system." msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:132(para) msgid "These checks are the following:" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:137(para) msgid "every passwd entry has a matching shadow entry, and every shadow entry has a matching passwd entry" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:143(para) msgid "passwords are specified in the shadowed file" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:146(para) msgid "shadow entries have the correct number of fields" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:149(para) msgid "shadow entries are unique in shadow" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:152(para) msgid "the last password changes are not in the future" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:156(para) msgid "The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All other errors are warning and the user is encouraged to run the usermod command to correct the error." msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:167(para) msgid "The commands which operate on the /etc/passwd file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. pwck should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry." msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:177(para) grpck.8.xml:148(para) msgid "The and options cannot be combined." msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:181(para) msgid "The options which apply to the pwck command are:" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:194(para) msgid "Report errors only. The warnings which do not require any action from the user won't be displayed." msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:201(term) grpck.8.xml:163(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:203(para) msgid "Execute the pwck command in read-only mode." msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:221(term) grpck.8.xml:185(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:223(para) msgid "Sort entries in /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow by UID." msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:227(para) msgid "This option has no effect when is enabled." msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:234(para) msgid "By default, pwck operates on the files /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow (or the files in /etc/tcb). The user may select alternate files with the passwd and shadow parameters." msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:243(para) msgid "Note that when is enabled, you cannot specify an alternative shadow file. In future releases, this paramater could be replaced by an alternate TCB directory." msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:312(para) msgid "one or more bad password entries" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:318(para) msgid "can't open password files" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:324(para) msgid "can't lock password files" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:330(para) msgid "can't update password files" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:336(para) msgid "can't sort password files" msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:294(para) msgid "The pwck command exits with the following values: " msgstr "" #: pwck.8.xml:345(para) msgid "group5, grpck8, passwd5, shadow5, usermod8." msgstr "" #: porttime.5.xml:57(refentrytitle) porttime.5.xml:64(refname) msgid "porttime" msgstr "" #: porttime.5.xml:65(refpurpose) msgid "port access time file" msgstr "" #: porttime.5.xml:70(para) msgid "porttime contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted login times." msgstr "" #: porttime.5.xml:75(para) msgid "Each entry consists of three colon separated fields. The first field is a comma separated list of tty devices, or an asterisk to indicate that all tty devices are matched by this entry. The second field is a comma separated list of user names, or an asterisk to indicated that all user names are matched by this entry. The third field is a comma separated list of permitted access times." msgstr "" #: porttime.5.xml:84(para) msgid "Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, abbreviated Su, Mo, Tu, We, Th, Fr, and Sa, followed by a pair of times separated by a hyphen. The abbreviation Wk may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and Al may be used to indicate every day. If no days are given, Al is assumed." msgstr "" #: porttime.5.xml:98(title) msgid "EXAMPLES" msgstr "" #: porttime.5.xml:99(para) msgid "The following entry allows access to user jfh on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm." msgstr "" #: porttime.5.xml:105(para) msgid "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700" msgstr "" #: porttime.5.xml:107(para) msgid "The following entries allow access only to the users root and oper on /dev/console at any time. This illustrates how the /etc/porttime file is an ordered list of access times. Any other user would match the second entry which does not permit access at any time." msgstr "" #: porttime.5.xml:116(programlisting) #, no-wrap msgid "\n console:root,oper:Al0000-2400\n console:*:\n " msgstr "" #: porttime.5.xml:121(para) msgid "The following entry allows access for the user games on any port during non-working hours." msgstr "" #: porttime.5.xml:126(para) msgid "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400" msgstr "" #: porttime.5.xml:133(filename) logoutd.8.xml:92(filename) msgid "/etc/porttime" msgstr "" #: porttime.5.xml:135(para) logoutd.8.xml:94(para) msgid "File containing port access." msgstr "" #: porttime.5.xml:143(para) login.access.5.xml:134(para) msgid "login1." msgstr "" #: passwd.5.xml:65(refpurpose) msgid "the password file" msgstr "" #: passwd.5.xml:70(para) msgid "/etc/passwd contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (:). These fields are:" msgstr "" #: passwd.5.xml:81(para) msgid "optional encrypted password" msgstr "" #: passwd.5.xml:84(para) msgid "numerical user ID" msgstr "" #: passwd.5.xml:87(para) msgid "numerical group ID" msgstr "" #: passwd.5.xml:90(para) msgid "user name or comment field" msgstr "" #: passwd.5.xml:93(para) msgid "user home directory" msgstr "" #: passwd.5.xml:96(para) msgid "optional user command interpreter" msgstr "" #: passwd.5.xml:100(para) msgid "The encrypted password field may be blank, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications which read the /etc/passwd file may decide not to permit any access at all if the password field is blank. If the password field is a lower-case x, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the shadow5 file instead; there must be a corresponding line in the /etc/shadow file, or else the user account is invalid. If the password field is any other string, then it will be treated as an encrypted password, as specified by crypt3." msgstr "" #: passwd.5.xml:119(para) msgid "The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as finger1." msgstr "" #: passwd.5.xml:125(para) msgid "The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory. The login program uses this information to set the value of the $HOME environmental variable." msgstr "" #: passwd.5.xml:131(para) msgid "The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The login program uses this information to set the value of the $SHELL environmental variable. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value /bin/sh." msgstr "" #: passwd.5.xml:152(para) msgid "optional encrypted password file" msgstr "" #: passwd.5.xml:156(filename) msgid "/etc/passwd-" msgstr "" #: passwd.5.xml:158(para) msgid "Backup file for /etc/passwd." msgstr "" #: passwd.5.xml:170(para) msgid "crypt3, getent1, getpwnam3, login1, passwd1, pwck8, pwconv8, pwunconv8, shadow5, su1, sulogin8." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:72(refpurpose) msgid "change user password" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:89(para) msgid "The passwd command changes passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only change the password for his/her own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account. passwd also changes the account or associated password validity period." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:98(title) msgid "Password Changes" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:99(para) msgid "The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is present. This password is then encrypted and compared against the stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct password. The superuser is permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten passwords may be changed." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:107(para) msgid "After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time. If not, passwd refuses to change the password and exits." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:114(para) msgid "The user is then prompted twice for a replacement password. The second entry is compared against the first and both are required to match in order for the password to be changed." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:120(para) msgid "Then, the password is tested for complexity. As a general guideline, passwords should consist of 6 to 8 characters including one or more characters from each of the following sets:" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:128(para) msgid "lower case alphabetics" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:131(para) msgid "digits 0 thru 9" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:134(para) msgid "punctuation marks" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:138(para) msgid "Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill characters. passwd will reject any password which is not suitably complex." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:147(title) msgid "Hints for user passwords" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:148(para) msgid "The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy UNIX System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm. More recent methods are now recommended (see ). The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:157(para) msgid "Compromises in password security normally result from careless password selection or handling. For this reason, you should not select a password which appears in a dictionary or which must be written down. The password should also not be a proper name, your license number, birth date, or street address. Any of these may be used as guesses to violate system security." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:166(para) msgid "You can find advices on how to choose a strong password on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:175(para) msgid "The options which apply to the passwd command are:" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:180(term) faillog.8.xml:96(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:184(para) msgid "This option can be used only with and causes show status for all users." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:191(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:195(para) msgid "Delete a user's password (make it empty). This is a quick way to disable a password for an account. It will set the named account passwordless." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:203(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:207(para) msgid "Immediately expire an account's password. This in effect can force a user to change his/her password at the user's next login." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:220(term) msgid ",  INACTIVE" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:224(para) msgid "This option is used to disable an account after the password has been expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired password for INACTIVE days, the user may no longer sign on to the account." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:233(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:237(para) msgid "Indicate password change should be performed only for expired authentication tokens (passwords). The user wishes to keep their non-expired tokens as before." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:245(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:249(para) msgid "Lock the password of the named account. This option disables a password by changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it adds a ´!´ at the beginning of the password)." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:255(para) msgid "Note that this does not disable the account. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e.g. an SSH key). To disable the account, administrators should use usermod --expiredate 1 (this set the account's expire date to Jan 2, 1970)." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:262(para) msgid "Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their password." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:269(term) msgid ",  MIN_DAYS" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:273(para) chage.1.xml:168(para) msgid "Set the minimum number of days between password changes to MIN_DAYS. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change his/her password at any time." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:291(term) msgid ",  REPOSITORY" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:295(para) msgid "change password in REPOSITORY repository" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:313(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:317(para) msgid "Display account status information. The status information consists of 7 fields. The first field is the user's login name. The second field indicates if the user account has a locked password (L), has no password (NP), or has a usable password (P). The third field gives the date of the last password change. The next four fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning period, and inactivity period for the password. These ages are expressed in days." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:331(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:335(para) msgid "Unlock the password of the named account. This option re-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the option)." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:344(term) msgid ",  WARN_DAYS" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:348(para) msgid "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The WARN_DAYS option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that his/her password is about to expire." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:357(term) msgid ",  MAX_DAYS" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:361(para) msgid "Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After MAX_DAYS, the password is required to be changed." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:373(para) msgid "Password complexity checking may vary from site to site. The user is urged to select a password as complex as he or she feels comfortable with." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:378(para) msgid "Users may not be able to change their password on a system if NIS is enabled and they are not logged into the NIS server." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:383(para) msgid "passwd uses PAM to authenticate users and to change their passwords." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:30(term) newusers.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term) gpasswd.1.xml:30(term) chpasswd.8.xml:30(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:30(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:32(para) newusers.8.xml:32(para) login.defs.5.xml:32(para) gpasswd.1.xml:32(para) chpasswd.8.xml:32(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:32(para) msgid "This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:36(para) newusers.8.xml:36(para) login.defs.5.xml:36(para) gpasswd.1.xml:36(para) chpasswd.8.xml:36(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:36(para) msgid "It can take one of these values: DES (default), MD5, SHA256, SHA512." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:43(para) newusers.8.xml:43(para) login.defs.5.xml:43(para) gpasswd.1.xml:43(para) chpasswd.8.xml:43(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:43(para) msgid "Note: this parameter overrides the variable." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:47(para) passwd.1.xml:53(para) passwd.1.xml:62(para) newusers.8.xml:47(para) newusers.8.xml:53(para) newusers.8.xml:62(para) login.defs.5.xml:47(para) login.defs.5.xml:53(para) login.defs.5.xml:62(para) gpasswd.1.xml:47(para) gpasswd.1.xml:53(para) gpasswd.1.xml:62(para) chpasswd.8.xml:47(para) chpasswd.8.xml:53(para) chpasswd.8.xml:62(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:47(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:53(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:62(para) msgid "Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords. The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration. It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:32(term) newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) gpasswd.1.xml:32(term) chpasswd.8.xml:32(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:32(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:34(para) newusers.8.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) gpasswd.1.xml:34(para) chpasswd.8.xml:34(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:34(para) msgid "Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5-based algorithm. If set to yes, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings. Set to no if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don't understand the new algorithm. Default is no." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:44(para) newusers.8.xml:44(para) login.defs.5.xml:44(para) gpasswd.1.xml:44(para) chpasswd.8.xml:44(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:44(para) msgid "This variable is superseded by the variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:49(para) newusers.8.xml:49(para) login.defs.5.xml:49(para) gpasswd.1.xml:49(para) chpasswd.8.xml:49(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:49(para) msgid "This variable is deprecated. You should use ." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) msgid "Enable additional checks upon password changes." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) msgid "Warn about weak passwords (but still allow them) if you are root." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) msgid "Maximum number of attempts to change password if rejected (too easy)." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:33(term) login.defs.5.xml:33(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:35(para) login.defs.5.xml:35(para) msgid "Number of significant characters in the password for crypt(). is 8 by default. Don't change unless your crypt() is better. This is ignored if set to yes." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:30(term) newusers.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term) gpasswd.1.xml:30(term) chpasswd.8.xml:30(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:30(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:31(term) newusers.8.xml:31(term) login.defs.5.xml:31(term) gpasswd.1.xml:31(term) chpasswd.8.xml:31(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:31(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:33(para) newusers.8.xml:33(para) login.defs.5.xml:33(para) gpasswd.1.xml:33(para) chpasswd.8.xml:33(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:33(para) msgid "When is set to SHA256 or SHA512, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:40(para) newusers.8.xml:40(para) login.defs.5.xml:40(para) gpasswd.1.xml:40(para) chpasswd.8.xml:40(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:40(para) msgid "With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:45(para) newusers.8.xml:45(para) login.defs.5.xml:45(para) gpasswd.1.xml:45(para) chpasswd.8.xml:45(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:45(para) msgid "If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000)." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:49(para) newusers.8.xml:49(para) login.defs.5.xml:49(para) gpasswd.1.xml:49(para) chpasswd.8.xml:49(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:49(para) msgid "The values must be inside the 1000-999,999,999 range." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:52(para) newusers.8.xml:52(para) login.defs.5.xml:52(para) gpasswd.1.xml:52(para) chpasswd.8.xml:52(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:52(para) msgid "If only one of the or values is set, then this value will be used." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:57(para) newusers.8.xml:57(para) login.defs.5.xml:57(para) gpasswd.1.xml:57(para) chpasswd.8.xml:57(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:57(para) msgid "If > , the highest value will be used." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:429(filename) msgid "/etc/pam.d/passwd" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:431(para) msgid "PAM configuration for passwd." msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:451(para) chage.1.xml:291(para) msgid "permission denied" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:457(para) msgid "invalid combination of options" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:463(para) msgid "unexpected failure, nothing done" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:469(para) msgid "unexpected failure, passwd file missing" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:475(para) msgid "passwd file busy, try again" msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:439(para) msgid "The passwd command exits with the following values: " msgstr "" #: passwd.1.xml:490(para) msgid "chpasswd8, passwd5, shadow5, login.defs5, usermod8." msgstr "" #: nologin.8.xml:46(refentrytitle) nologin.8.xml:53(refname) nologin.8.xml:59(command) msgid "nologin" msgstr "" #: nologin.8.xml:54(refpurpose) msgid "politely refuse a login" msgstr "" #: nologin.8.xml:65(para) msgid "The nologin command displays a message that an account is not available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled." msgstr "" #: nologin.8.xml:70(para) msgid "To disable all logins, investigate nologin5." msgstr "" #: nologin.8.xml:79(para) msgid "login1, nologin5." msgstr "" #: nologin.8.xml:90(title) msgid "HISTORY" msgstr "" #: nologin.8.xml:91(para) msgid "The nologin command appearred in BSD 4.4." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:72(refentrytitle) newusers.8.xml:79(refname) newusers.8.xml:85(command) login.defs.5.xml:391(term) msgid "newusers" msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:80(refpurpose) msgid "update and create new users in batch" msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:90(replaceable) msgid "file" msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:97(para) msgid "The newusers command reads a file (or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see passwd5) with the exceptions explained below:" msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:105(para) msgid "pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell" msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:110(emphasis) msgid "pw_name" msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:113(para) msgid "This is the name of the user." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:116(para) msgid "It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or an user created before by newusers). In case of an existing user, the user's information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:127(emphasis) msgid "pw_passwd" msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:130(para) msgid "This field will be encrypted and used as the new value of the encrypted password." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:138(emphasis) msgid "pw_uid" msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:141(para) msgid "This field is used to define the UID of the user." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:144(para) msgid "If the field is empty, an new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by newusers." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:148(para) msgid "If this field contains a number, this number will be used as the UID." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:152(para) msgid "If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of an user created before by newusers), the UID of the specified user will be used." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:158(para) msgid "If the UID of an existing user is changed, the files ownership of the user's file should be fixed manually." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:166(emphasis) msgid "pw_gid" msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:169(para) msgid "This field is used to define the primary group ID for the user." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:172(para) msgid "If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by newusers), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:178(para) msgid "If this field is a number, this number will be used as the primary group ID of the user. If no groups exist with this GID, a new group will be created with this GID, and the name of the user." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:184(para) msgid "If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by newusers to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:190(para) msgid "If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by newusers), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by newusers to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:202(emphasis) msgid "pw_gecos" msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:205(para) msgid "This field is copied in the GECOS field of the user." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:212(emphasis) msgid "pw_dir" msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:215(para) msgid "This field is used to define the home directory of the user." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:218(para) msgid "If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or updated and its primary group." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:223(para) msgid "If the home directory of an existing user is changed, newusers does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location. This should be done manually." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:233(emphasis) msgid "pw_shell" msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:236(para) msgid "This field defines the shell of the user. No checks are performed on this field." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:244(para) msgid "newusers first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:250(para) msgid "During this first pass, users are created with a locked password (and passwords are not changed for the users which are not created). A second pass is used to update the passwords using PAM. Failures to update a password are reported, but will not stop the other password updates." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:258(para) msgid "This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many accounts are updated at a single time." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:266(para) msgid "The options which apply to the newusers command are:" msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:271(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:112(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:273(para) chpasswd.8.xml:141(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:114(para) msgid "Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:274(para) chpasswd.8.xml:145(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:118(para) msgid "The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc support these methods." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:296(para) msgid "System users will be created with no aging information in /etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the - range, defined in login.defs, instead of - (and their counterparts for the creation of groups)." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:322(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:158(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:324(para) chpasswd.8.xml:204(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:160(para) msgid "Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:327(para) chpasswd.8.xml:207(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:163(para) msgid "The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number of rounds for the crypt method (5000)." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:331(para) chpasswd.8.xml:211(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:167(para) msgid "A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:335(para) chpasswd.8.xml:215(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:171(para) msgid "You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt method." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:339(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:175(para) msgid "By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in /etc/login.defs." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:351(para) msgid "The input file must be protected since it contains unencrypted passwords." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:355(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:191(para) msgid "You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect the system's password policy." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:430(filename) msgid "/etc/pam.d/newusers" msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:432(para) msgid "PAM configuration for newusers." msgstr "" #: newusers.8.xml:452(para) msgid "login.defs5, passwd1, subgid5, subuid5, useradd8." msgstr "" #: newgrp.1.xml:58(refentrytitle) newgrp.1.xml:65(refname) newgrp.1.xml:71(command) msgid "newgrp" msgstr "" #: newgrp.1.xml:66(refpurpose) msgid "log in to a new group" msgstr "" #: newgrp.1.xml:72(replaceable) grpck.8.xml:74(replaceable) groupadd.8.xml:78(replaceable) gpasswd.1.xml:88(replaceable) msgid "group" msgstr "" #: newgrp.1.xml:78(para) msgid "The newgrp command is used to change the current group ID during a login session. If the optional flag is given, the user's environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged." msgstr "" #: newgrp.1.xml:86(para) msgid "newgrp changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in /etc/passwd if no group name is given. newgrp also tries to add the group to the user groupset. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in /etc/shadow if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in /etc/passwd otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member." msgstr "" #: newgrp.1.xml:100(para) msgid "If there is an entry for this group in /etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in /etc/group is considered." msgstr "" #: newgrp.1.xml:152(para) msgid "id1, login1, su1, sg1, gpasswd1, group5, gshadow5." msgstr "" #: logoutd.8.xml:57(refentrytitle) logoutd.8.xml:64(refname) logoutd.8.xml:70(command) msgid "logoutd" msgstr "" #: logoutd.8.xml:65(refpurpose) msgid "enforce login time restrictions" msgstr "" #: logoutd.8.xml:76(para) msgid "logoutd enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in /etc/porttime. logoutd should be started from /etc/rc. The /var/run/utmp file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in /etc/porttime is terminated." msgstr "" #: logoutd.8.xml:98(filename) login.1.xml:341(filename) msgid "/var/run/utmp" msgstr "" #: logoutd.8.xml:100(para) login.1.xml:343(para) msgid "List of current login sessions." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:122(refentrytitle) login.defs.5.xml:129(refname) msgid "login.defs" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:130(refpurpose) msgid "shadow password suite configuration" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:135(para) msgid "The /etc/login.defs file defines the site-specific configuration for the shadow password suite. This file is required. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:142(para) msgid "This file is a readable text file, each line of the file describing one configuration parameter. The lines consist of a configuration name and value, separated by whitespace. Blank lines and comment lines are ignored. Comments are introduced with a \"#\" pound sign and the pound sign must be the first non-white character of the line." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:150(para) msgid "Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters. A boolean should be either the value yes or no. An undefined boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a no value. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, octal values (precede the value with 0) or hexadecimal values (precede the value with 0x). The maximum value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine-dependent." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:165(para) msgid "The following configuration items are provided:" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) chfn.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) chfn.1.xml:34(para) msgid "If yes, the chfn program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) chfn.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) chfn.1.xml:34(para) msgid "This parameter specifies which values in the gecos field of the /etc/passwd file may be changed by regular users using the chfn program. It can be any combination of letters f, r, w, h, for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and Home phone, respectively. For backward compatibility, yes is equivalent to rwh and no is equivalent to frwh. If not specified, only the superuser can make any changes. The most restrictive setting is better achieved by not installing chfn SUID." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) chsh.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) chsh.1.xml:34(para) msgid "If yes, the chsh program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "Terminal ERASE character (010 = backspace, 0177 = DEL)." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:38(para) login.defs.5.xml:37(para) login.1.xml:38(para) login.1.xml:37(para) msgid "The value can be prefixed \"0\" for an octal value, or \"0x\" for an hexadecimal value." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "Delay in seconds before being allowed another attempt after a login failure." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "Enable logging and display of /var/log/faillog login failure info." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "If set, login will execute this shell instead of the users' shell specified in /etc/passwd." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "If defined, login failures will be logged in this file in a utmp format." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "If defined, this file can inhibit all the usual chatter during the login sequence. If a full pathname is specified, then hushed mode will be enabled if the user's name or shell are found in the file. If not a full pathname, then hushed mode will be enabled if the file exists in the user's home directory." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "If defined, this file will be displayed before each login prompt." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "Terminal KILL character (025 = CTRL/U)." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "Enable logging and display of /var/log/lastlog login time info." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "Enable logging of successful logins." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "Enable display of unknown usernames when login failures are recorded." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:38(para) login.1.xml:38(para) msgid "Note: logging unknown usernames may be a security issue if an user enter her password instead of her login name." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "Maximum number of login retries in case of bad password." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:37(para) login.1.xml:37(para) msgid "This will most likely be overridden by PAM, since the default pam_unix module has its own built in of 3 retries. However, this is a safe fallback in case you are using an authentication module that does not enforce PAM_MAXTRIES." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "Max time in seconds for login." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "If defined, \":\" delimited list of \"message of the day\" files to be displayed upon login." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "If defined, name of file whose presence will inhibit non-root logins. The contents of this file should be a message indicating why logins are inhibited." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:208(para) msgid ", and are only used at the time of account creation. Any changes to these settings won't affect existing accounts." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (boolean)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "Enable checking of time restrictions specified in /etc/porttime." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:33(term) login.1.xml:33(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:35(para) login.1.xml:35(para) msgid "The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the group, and the permissions will be set to ." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:40(para) login.1.xml:40(para) msgid "By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user's primary group and the permissions are set to 0600." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:45(para) login.1.xml:45(para) msgid " can be either the name of a group or a numeric group identifier." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:49(para) login.1.xml:49(para) msgid "If you have a write program which is \"setgid\" to a special group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the group number and TTYPERM to 0620. Otherwise leave TTYGROUP commented out and assign TTYPERM to either 622 or 600." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (string)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "If defined, file which maps tty line to TERM environment parameter. Each line of the file is in a format something like \"vt100 tty01\"." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) msgid " (number)" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) msgid "Default ulimit value." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:241(title) msgid "CROSS REFERENCES" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:242(para) msgid "The following cross references show which programs in the shadow password suite use which parameters." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:249(term) chage.1.xml:58(refentrytitle) chage.1.xml:65(refname) chage.1.xml:70(command) msgid "chage" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:251(para) login.defs.5.xml:441(phrase) login.defs.5.xml:510(phrase) msgid "USE_TCB" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:255(term) chfn.1.xml:60(refentrytitle) chfn.1.xml:67(refname) chfn.1.xml:73(command) msgid "chfn" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:257(para) msgid "CHFN_AUTH CHFN_RESTRICT LOGIN_STRING" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:265(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:57(refentrytitle) chgpasswd.8.xml:64(refname) chgpasswd.8.xml:70(command) msgid "chgpasswd" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:267(para) login.defs.5.xml:298(para) msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:275(term) chpasswd.8.xml:61(refentrytitle) chpasswd.8.xml:68(refname) chpasswd.8.xml:74(command) msgid "chpasswd" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:278(phrase) msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:280(phrase) msgid "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:286(term) chsh.1.xml:60(refentrytitle) chsh.1.xml:67(refname) chsh.1.xml:73(command) msgid "chsh" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:288(para) msgid "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:296(term) gpasswd.1.xml:62(refentrytitle) gpasswd.1.xml:69(refname) gpasswd.1.xml:83(command) msgid "gpasswd" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:306(term) groupadd.8.xml:60(refentrytitle) groupadd.8.xml:67(refname) groupadd.8.xml:73(command) msgid "groupadd" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:308(para) msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:315(term) groupdel.8.xml:58(refentrytitle) groupdel.8.xml:65(refname) groupdel.8.xml:71(command) msgid "groupdel" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:317(para) login.defs.5.xml:323(para) login.defs.5.xml:329(para) login.defs.5.xml:336(para) login.defs.5.xml:342(para) login.defs.5.xml:348(para) msgid "MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:321(term) groupmems.8.xml:61(refentrytitle) groupmems.8.xml:68(refname) groupmems.8.xml:74(command) msgid "groupmems" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:327(term) groupmod.8.xml:58(refentrytitle) groupmod.8.xml:65(refname) groupmod.8.xml:71(command) msgid "groupmod" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:334(term) grpck.8.xml:58(refentrytitle) grpck.8.xml:65(refname) grpck.8.xml:71(command) msgid "grpck" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:354(term) login.1.xml:90(refentrytitle) login.1.xml:97(refname) login.1.xml:103(command) login.1.xml:111(command) login.1.xml:118(command) msgid "login" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:356(para) msgid "CONSOLE CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY FAILLOG_ENAB FAKE_SHELL FTMP_FILE HUSHLOGIN_FILE ISSUE_FILE KILLCHAR LASTLOG_ENAB LOGIN_RETRIES LOGIN_STRING LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE ULIMIT UMASK USERGROUPS_ENAB" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:383(term) msgid "newgrp / sg" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:385(para) msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:393(para) msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:411(para) msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:422(para) msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:431(para) msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE USE_TCB" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:448(para) msgid "CONSOLE CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB SULOG_FILE SU_NAME SU_WHEEL_ONLY SYSLOG_SU_ENAB USERGROUPS_ENAB" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:463(term) msgid "sulogin" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:465(para) msgid "ENV_HZ ENV_TZ" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:474(para) msgid "CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:490(para) msgid "MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:500(para) msgid "MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB" msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:519(para) msgid "Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow password suite is now handled by PAM. Thus, /etc/login.defs is no longer used by passwd1, or less used by login1, and su1. Please refer to the corresponding PAM configuration files instead." msgstr "" #: login.defs.5.xml:535(para) msgid "login1, passwd1, su1, passwd5, shadow5, pam8." msgstr "" #: login.access.5.xml:58(refentrytitle) login.access.5.xml:65(refname) msgid "login.access" msgstr "" #: login.access.5.xml:66(refpurpose) msgid "login access control table" msgstr "" #: login.access.5.xml:71(para) msgid "The login.access file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused." msgstr "" #: login.access.5.xml:77(para) msgid "When someone logs in, the login.access is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non-networked logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination. The permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be accepted or refused." msgstr "" #: login.access.5.xml:85(para) msgid "Each line of the login access control table has three fields separated by a \":\" character:" msgstr "" #: login.access.5.xml:90(para) msgid "permission:users:origins" msgstr "" #: login.access.5.xml:94(para) msgid "The first field should be a \"+\" (access granted) or \"-\" (access denied) character. The second field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or ALL (always matches). The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non-networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with \".\"), host addresses, internet network numbers (end with \".\"), ALL (always matches) or LOCAL (matches any string that does not contain a \".\" character). If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user patterns." msgstr "" #: login.access.5.xml:108(para) msgid "The EXCEPT operator makes it possible to write very compact rules." msgstr "" #: login.access.5.xml:113(para) msgid "The group file is searched only when a name does not match that of the logged-in user. Only groups are matched in which users are explicitly listed: the program does not look at a user's primary group id value." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:98(refpurpose) msgid "begin session on the system" msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:104(arg) login.1.xml:112(arg) login.1.xml:119(arg) login.1.xml:236(option) groupmems.8.xml:79(arg) msgid "-p" msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:105(replaceable) login.1.xml:113(replaceable) login.1.xml:120(replaceable) msgid "host" msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:105(arg) login.1.xml:113(arg) msgid "-h " msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:108(replaceable) msgid "ENV=VAR" msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:114(arg) login.1.xml:214(option) msgid "-f" msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:120(arg) msgid "-r " msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:126(para) msgid "The login program is used to establish a new session with the system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the login: prompt on the user's terminal. login may be special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub-process. When called from a shell, login should be executed as exec login which will cause the user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of the caller). Attempting to execute login from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:140(para) msgid "The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of password failures are permitted before login exits and the communications link is severed." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:147(para) msgid "If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to provide your old password and the new password before continuing. Please refer to passwd1 for more information." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:156(para) msgid "After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of the system message file, /etc/motd, by creating a zero-length file .hushlogin in your login directory. The mail message will be one of \"You have new mail.\", \"You have mail.\", or \"No Mail.\" according to the condition of your mailbox." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:167(para) msgid "Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the /etc/passwd file. The value for $HOME, $SHELL, $PATH, $LOGNAME, and $MAIL are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:176(para) msgid "On some installations, the environmental variable $TERM will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in /etc/ttytype." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:182(para) msgid "An initialization script for your command interpreter may also be executed. Please see the appropriate manual section for more information on this function." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:194(para) login.1.xml:270(para) msgid "The login program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file. It is the responsibility of getty8 and init8 to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session. If you use login from the shell prompt without exec, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the \"subsession\"." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:217(para) msgid "Do not perform authentication, user is preauthenticated." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:220(para) msgid "Note: In that case, username is mandatory." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:228(option) msgid "-h" msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:231(para) msgid "Name of the remote host for this login." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:239(para) msgid "Preserve environment." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:244(option) msgid "-r" msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:247(para) msgid "Perform autologin protocol for rlogin." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:252(para) msgid "The , and options are only used when login is invoked by root." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:261(para) msgid "This version of login has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:266(para) msgid "The location of files is subject to differences in system configuration." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:282(para) msgid "As with any program, login's appearance can be faked. If non-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the machine. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:347(filename) msgid "/var/log/wtmp" msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:349(para) msgid "List of previous login sessions." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:365(filename) msgid "/etc/motd" msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:367(para) msgid "System message of the day file." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:371(filename) msgid "/etc/nologin" msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:373(para) msgid "Prevent non-root users from logging in." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:377(filename) msgid "/etc/ttytype" msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:379(para) msgid "List of terminal types." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:383(filename) msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin" msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:385(para) msgid "Suppress printing of system messages." msgstr "" #: login.1.xml:399(para) msgid "mail1, passwd1, sh1, su1, login.defs5, nologin5, passwd5, securetty5, getty8." msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:41(firstname) msgid "Luca" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:42(surname) msgid "Berra" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:59(refentrytitle) limits.5.xml:66(refname) msgid "limits" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:67(refpurpose) msgid "resource limits definition" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:73(para) msgid "The limits file (/etc/limits by default or LIMITS_FILE defined config.h) describes the resource limits you wish to impose. It should be owned by root and readable by root account only." msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:81(para) msgid "By default no quota is imposed on 'root'. In fact, there is no way to impose limits via this procedure to root-equiv accounts (accounts with UID 0)." msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:87(para) msgid "Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:90(emphasis) msgid "user LIMITS_STRING" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:93(para) msgid "or in the form:" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:96(emphasis) msgid "@group LIMITS_STRING" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:99(para) msgid "The LIMITS_STRING is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit." msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:105(para) msgid "The valid identifiers are:" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:108(para) msgid "A: max address space (KB)" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:109(para) msgid "C: max core file size (KB)" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:110(para) msgid "D: max data size (KB)" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:111(para) msgid "F: maximum filesize (KB)" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:112(para) msgid "K: file creation mask, set by umask2." msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:117(para) msgid "I: max nice value (0..39 which translates to 20..-19)" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:119(para) msgid "L: max number of logins for this user" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:120(para) msgid "M: max locked-in-memory address space (KB)" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:121(para) msgid "N: max number of open files" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:122(para) msgid "O: max real time priority" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:123(para) msgid "P: process priority, set by setpriority2." msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:128(para) msgid "R: max resident set size (KB)" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:129(para) msgid "S: max stack size (KB)" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:130(para) msgid "T: max CPU time (MIN)" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:131(para) msgid "U: max number of processes" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:134(para) msgid "For example, L2D2048N5 is a valid LIMITS_STRING. For reading convenience, the following entries are equivalent:" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:140(programlisting) #, no-wrap msgid "\n username L2D2048N5\n username L2 D2048 N5\n " msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:145(para) msgid "Be aware that after username the rest of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed. A invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the login program." msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:152(para) msgid "The default entry is denoted by username \"*\". If you have multiple default entries in your LIMITS_FILE, then the last one will be used as the default entry." msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:159(para) msgid "The limits specified in the form \"@group\" apply to the members of the specified group." msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:165(para) msgid "If more than one line with limits for an user exist, only the first line for this user will be considered." msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:170(para) msgid "If no lines are specified for an user, the last @group line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the user." msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:177(para) msgid "To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash \"-\" will do." msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:182(para) msgid "To disable a limit for a user, a single dash \"-\" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit." msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:188(para) msgid "Also, please note that all limit settings are set PER LOGIN. They are not global, nor are they permanent. Perhaps global limits will come, but for now this will have to do ;)" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:199(filename) msgid "/etc/limits" msgstr "" #: limits.5.xml:207(para) msgid "login1, setpriority2, setrlimit2." msgstr "" #: lastlog.8.xml:58(refentrytitle) lastlog.8.xml:65(refname) lastlog.8.xml:71(command) msgid "lastlog" msgstr "" #: lastlog.8.xml:66(refpurpose) msgid "reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user" msgstr "" #: lastlog.8.xml:80(para) msgid "lastlog formats and prints the contents of the last login log /var/log/lastlog file. The login-name, port, and last login time will be printed. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in /etc/passwd." msgstr "" #: lastlog.8.xml:92(para) msgid "The options which apply to the lastlog command are:" msgstr "" #: lastlog.8.xml:97(term) msgid ",  DAYS" msgstr "" #: lastlog.8.xml:101(para) msgid "Print only lastlog records older than DAYS." msgstr "" #: lastlog.8.xml:127(term) faillog.8.xml:192(term) msgid ",  DAYS" msgstr "" #: lastlog.8.xml:131(para) msgid "Print the lastlog records more recent than DAYS." msgstr "" #: lastlog.8.xml:138(term) faillog.8.xml:202(term) msgid ",  LOGIN|RANGE" msgstr "" #: lastlog.8.xml:142(para) msgid "Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s)." msgstr "" #: lastlog.8.xml:145(para) faillog.8.xml:211(para) msgid "The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a RANGE of users. This RANGE of users can be specified with a min and max values (UID_MIN-UID_MAX), a max value (-UID_MAX), or a min value (UID_MIN-)." msgstr "" #: lastlog.8.xml:157(para) msgid "If the user has never logged in the message ** Never logged in** will be displayed instead of the port and time." msgstr "" #: lastlog.8.xml:162(para) msgid "Only the entries for the current users of the system will be displayed. Other entries may exist for users that were deleted previously." msgstr "" #: lastlog.8.xml:170(title) groups.1.xml:90(title) chsh.1.xml:140(title) chage.1.xml:231(title) msgid "NOTE" msgstr "" #: lastlog.8.xml:171(para) msgid "The lastlog file is a database which contains info on the last login of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by \"ls -l\" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in passwd users with a high UID). You can display its real size with \"ls -s\"." msgstr "" #: lastlog.8.xml:185(filename) msgid "/var/log/lastlog" msgstr "" #: lastlog.8.xml:187(para) msgid "Database times of previous user logins." msgstr "" #: lastlog.8.xml:195(para) msgid "Large gaps in UID numbers will cause the lastlog program to run longer with no output to the screen (i.e. if in lastlog database there is no entries for users with UID between 170 and 800 lastlog will appear to hang as it processes entries with UIDs 171-799)." msgstr "" #: gshadow.5.xml:41(contrib) msgid "Creation, 2005" msgstr "" #: gshadow.5.xml:46(refentrytitle) gshadow.5.xml:53(refname) msgid "gshadow" msgstr "" #: gshadow.5.xml:54(refpurpose) msgid "shadowed group file" msgstr "" #: gshadow.5.xml:59(para) msgid "/etc/gshadow contains the shadowed information for group accounts." msgstr "" #: gshadow.5.xml:69(para) msgid "Each line of this file contains the following colon-separated fields:" msgstr "" #: gshadow.5.xml:75(emphasis) msgid "group name" msgstr "" #: gshadow.5.xml:77(para) msgid "It must be a valid group name, which exist on the system." msgstr "" #: gshadow.5.xml:90(para) msgid "If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of crypt3, for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)." msgstr "" #: gshadow.5.xml:97(para) msgid "The password is used when an user who is not a member of the group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see newgrp1)." msgstr "" #: gshadow.5.xml:103(para) msgid "This field may be empty, in which case only the group members can gain the group permissions." msgstr "" #: gshadow.5.xml:113(para) msgid "This password supersedes any password specified in /etc/group." msgstr "" #: gshadow.5.xml:121(emphasis) msgid "administrators" msgstr "" #: gshadow.5.xml:123(para) gshadow.5.xml:139(para) msgid "It must be a comma-separated list of user names." msgstr "" #: gshadow.5.xml:126(para) msgid "Administrators can change the password or the members of the group." msgstr "" #: gshadow.5.xml:130(para) msgid "Administrators also have the same permissions as the members (see below)." msgstr "" #: gshadow.5.xml:137(emphasis) msgid "members" msgstr "" #: gshadow.5.xml:142(para) msgid "Members can access the group without being prompted for a password." msgstr "" #: gshadow.5.xml:146(para) msgid "You should use the same list of users as in /etc/group." msgstr "" #: gshadow.5.xml:175(para) msgid "gpasswd5, group5, grpck8, grpconv8, newgrp1." msgstr "" #: grpck.8.xml:66(refpurpose) msgid "verify integrity of group files" msgstr "" #: grpck.8.xml:84(para) msgid "The grpck command verifies the integrity of the groups information. It checks that all entries in /etc/groupand /etc/gshadow have the proper format and contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors." msgstr "" #: grpck.8.xml:101(para) msgid "a unique and valid group name" msgstr "" #: grpck.8.xml:104(para) msgid "a valid group identifier (/etc/group only)" msgstr "" #: grpck.8.xml:111(para) msgid "a valid list of members and administrators" msgstr "" #: grpck.8.xml:117(para) msgid "a corresponding entry in the /etc/gshadow file (respectively /etc/group for the gshadow checks)" msgstr "" #: grpck.8.xml:125(para) msgid "The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the groupmod command to correct the error." msgstr "" #: grpck.8.xml:136(para) msgid "The commands which operate on the /etc/groupfileand /etc/gshadow files are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. grpck should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries." msgstr "" #: grpck.8.xml:152(para) msgid "The options which apply to the grpck command are:" msgstr "" #: grpck.8.xml:165(para) msgid "Execute the grpck command in read-only mode. This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered no without user intervention." msgstr "" #: grpck.8.xml:187(para) msgid "Sort entries in /etc/groupand /etc/gshadow by GID." msgstr "" #: grpck.8.xml:196(para) msgid "By default, grpck operates on /etc/groupand /etc/gshadow. The user may select alternate files with the groupparameter.and shadow parameters." msgstr "" #: grpck.8.xml:264(para) msgid "one or more bad group entries" msgstr "" #: grpck.8.xml:270(para) msgid "can't open group files" msgstr "" #: grpck.8.xml:276(para) msgid "can't lock group files" msgstr "" #: grpck.8.xml:282(para) msgid "can't update group files" msgstr "" #: grpck.8.xml:246(para) msgid "The grpck command exits with the following values: " msgstr "" #: grpck.8.xml:291(para) msgid "group5, groupmod8, gshadow5, , passwd5, pwck8, shadow5." msgstr "" #: groups.1.xml:57(refentrytitle) groups.1.xml:64(refname) groups.1.xml:70(command) msgid "groups" msgstr "" #: groups.1.xml:65(refpurpose) msgid "display current group names" msgstr "" #: groups.1.xml:72(replaceable) msgid "user" msgstr "" #: groups.1.xml:79(para) msgid "The groups command displays the current group names or ID values. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in /etc/group, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value. The optional user parameter will display the groups for the named user." msgstr "" #: groups.1.xml:91(para) msgid "Systems which do not support concurrent group sets will have the information from /etc/group reported. The user must use newgrp or sg to change his current real and effective group ID." msgstr "" #: groups.1.xml:113(para) msgid "newgrp1, getgid2, getgroups2, getuid2." msgstr "" #: groupmod.8.xml:66(refpurpose) msgid "modify a group definition on the system" msgstr "" #: groupmod.8.xml:75(replaceable) groupdel.8.xml:75(replaceable) msgid "GROUP" msgstr "" #: groupmod.8.xml:81(para) msgid "The groupmod command modifies the definition of the specified GROUP by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database." msgstr "" #: groupmod.8.xml:90(para) msgid "The options which apply to the groupmod command are:" msgstr "" #: groupmod.8.xml:96(term) groupadd.8.xml:114(term) msgid ",  GID" msgstr "" #: groupmod.8.xml:100(para) msgid "The group ID of the given GROUP will be changed to GID." msgstr "" #: groupmod.8.xml:104(para) msgid "The value of GID must be a non-negative decimal integer. This value must be unique, unless the option is used." msgstr "" #: groupmod.8.xml:110(para) msgid "Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to keep the group as their primary group." msgstr "" #: groupmod.8.xml:114(para) msgid "Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to GROUP, must have their group ID changed manually." msgstr "" #: groupmod.8.xml:120(para) msgid "No checks will be performed with regard to the , , , or from /etc/login.defs." msgstr "" #: groupmod.8.xml:135(term) msgid ",  NEW_GROUP" msgstr "" #: groupmod.8.xml:139(para) msgid "The name of the group will be changed from GROUP to NEW_GROUP name." msgstr "" #: groupmod.8.xml:150(para) msgid "When used with the option, allow to change the group GID to a non-unique value." msgstr "" #: groupmod.8.xml:272(para) msgid "group name already in use" msgstr "" #: groupmod.8.xml:236(para) msgid "The groupmod command exits with the following values: " msgstr "" #: groupmod.8.xml:287(para) msgid "chfn1, chsh1, passwd1, gpasswd8, groupadd8, groupdel8, login.defs5, useradd8, userdel8, usermod8." msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:42(firstname) msgid "George" msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:43(surname) msgid "Kraft" msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:44(lineage) msgid "IV" msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:45(contrib) msgid "Creation, 2000" msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:69(refpurpose) msgid "administer members of a user's primary group" msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:76(replaceable) groupmems.8.xml:77(replaceable) msgid "user_name" msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:76(arg) msgid "-a " msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:77(arg) msgid "-d " msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:78(replaceable) msgid "group_name" msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:78(arg) msgid "-g " msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:79(arg) msgid "-l" msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:86(para) msgid "The groupmems command allows a user to administer his/her own group membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges. The groupmems utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i.e., guest / guest)." msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:94(para) msgid "Only the superuser, as administrator, can use groupmems to alter the memberships of other groups." msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:101(para) msgid "The options which apply to the groupmems command are:" msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:107(term) msgid ",  user_name" msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:109(para) msgid "Add an user to the group membership list." msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:110(para) groupmems.8.xml:126(para) groupmems.8.xml:157(para) msgid "If the /etc/gshadow file exist, and the group has no entry in the /etc/gshadow file, a new entry will be created." msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:118(term) msgid ",  user_name" msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:120(para) msgid "Delete a user from the group membership list." msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:121(para) msgid "If the /etc/gshadow file exist, the user will be removed from the list of members and administrators of the group." msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:134(term) msgid ",  group_name" msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:136(para) msgid "The superuser can specify which group membership list to modify." msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:148(term) chage.1.xml:154(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:150(para) msgid "List the group membership list." msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:154(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:156(para) msgid "Purge all users from the group membership list." msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:180(title) msgid "SETUP" msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:181(para) msgid "The groupmems executable should be in mode 2770 as user root and in group groups. The system administrator can add users to group groups to allow or disallow them using the groupmems utility to manage their own group membership list." msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:190(programlisting) #, no-wrap msgid "\n\t$ groupadd -r groups\n\t$ chmod 2770 groupmems\n\t$ chown root.groups groupmems\n\t$ groupmems -g groups -a gk4\n " msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:222(para) msgid "secure group account information" msgstr "" #: groupmems.8.xml:230(para) msgid "chfn1, chsh1, passwd1, groupadd8, groupdel8, useradd8, userdel8, usermod8." msgstr "" #: groupdel.8.xml:66(refpurpose) msgid "delete a group" msgstr "" #: groupdel.8.xml:81(para) msgid "The groupdel command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to GROUP. The named group must exist." msgstr "" #: groupdel.8.xml:89(para) msgid "The options which apply to the groupdel command are:" msgstr "" #: groupdel.8.xml:117(para) msgid "You may not remove the primary group of any existing user. You must remove the user before you remove the group." msgstr "" #: groupdel.8.xml:121(para) msgid "You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain owned by this group." msgstr "" #: groupdel.8.xml:183(para) msgid "can't remove user's primary group" msgstr "" #: groupdel.8.xml:159(para) msgid "The groupdel command exits with the following values: " msgstr "" #: groupdel.8.xml:198(para) msgid "chfn1, chsh1, passwd1, gpasswd8, groupadd8, groupmod8, useradd8, userdel8, usermod8." msgstr "" #: groupadd.8.xml:68(refpurpose) msgid "create a new group" msgstr "" #: groupadd.8.xml:85(para) msgid "The groupadd command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed." msgstr "" #: groupadd.8.xml:94(para) msgid "The options which apply to the groupadd command are:" msgstr "" #: groupadd.8.xml:104(para) msgid "This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists. When used with , and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. is turned off)." msgstr "" #: groupadd.8.xml:118(para) msgid "The numerical value of the group's ID. This value must be unique, unless the option is used. The value must be non-negative. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to and greater than every other group." msgstr "" #: groupadd.8.xml:124(para) msgid "See also the option and the description." msgstr "" #: groupadd.8.xml:141(para) msgid "Overrides /etc/login.defs defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others). Multiple options can be specified." msgstr "" #: groupadd.8.xml:146(para) msgid "Example:  GID_MIN=100  GID_MAX=499" msgstr "" #: groupadd.8.xml:150(para) msgid "Note:  GID_MIN=10,GID_MAX=499 doesn't work yet." msgstr "" #: groupadd.8.xml:161(para) msgid "This option permits to add a group with a non-unique GID." msgstr "" #: groupadd.8.xml:192(para) msgid "Create a system group." msgstr "" #: groupadd.8.xml:195(para) msgid "The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the - range, defined in login.defs, instead of -." msgstr "" #: groupadd.8.xml:258(para) msgid "Groupnames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. In regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?" msgstr "" #: groupadd.8.xml:264(para) msgid "Groupnames may only be up to &GROUP_NAME_MAX_LENGTH; characters long." msgstr "" #: groupadd.8.xml:267(para) msgid "You may not add a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the corresponding server." msgstr "" #: groupadd.8.xml:271(para) msgid "If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP, groupadd will deny the group creation request." msgstr "" #: groupadd.8.xml:304(para) msgid "GID not unique (when not used)" msgstr "" #: groupadd.8.xml:310(para) msgid "group name not unique" msgstr "" #: groupadd.8.xml:280(para) msgid "The groupadd command exits with the following values: " msgstr "" #: groupadd.8.xml:325(para) msgid "chfn1, chsh1, passwd1, gpasswd8, groupdel8, groupmod8, login.defs5, useradd8, userdel8, usermod8." msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:44(firstname) msgid "Rafal" msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:45(surname) msgid "Maszkowski" msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:71(phrase) msgid "administer " msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:74(phrase) msgid "administer and " msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:85(replaceable) expiry.1.xml:76(replaceable) msgid "option" msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:95(para) msgid "The gpasswd command is used to administer /etc/group, and /etc/gshadow. Every group can have administrators, members and a password." msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:103(para) msgid "System administrators can use the option to define group administrator(s) and the option to define members. They have all rights of group administrators and members." msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:108(para) msgid "gpasswd called by a group administratora system administrator with a group name only prompts for the new password of the group." msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:115(para) msgid "If a password is set the members can still use newgrp1 without a password, and non-members must supply the password." msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:123(title) msgid "Notes about group passwords" msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:124(para) msgid "Group passwords are an inherent security problem since more than one person is permitted to know the password. However, groups are a useful tool for permitting co-operation between different users." msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:135(para) msgid "Except for the and options, the options cannot be combined." msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:139(para) msgid "The options cannot be combined." msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:142(para) msgid "The options which apply to the gpasswd command are:" msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:147(term) msgid ",  user" msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:151(para) msgid "Add the user to the named group." msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:160(term) msgid ",  user" msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:164(para) msgid "Remove the user from the named group." msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:181(term) msgid ",  CHROOT_DIR" msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:195(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:199(para) msgid "Remove the password from the named group. The group password will be empty. Only group members will be allowed to use newgrp to join the named group." msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:211(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:215(para) msgid "Restrict the access to the named group. The group password is set to \"!\". Only group members with a password will be allowed to use newgrp to join the named group." msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:227(term) msgid ",  user,..." msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:231(para) msgid "Set the list of administrative users." msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:239(term) msgid ",  user,..." msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:243(para) msgid "Set the list of group members." msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:253(para) msgid "This tool only operates on the /etc/group and /etc/gshadow files.file. Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the corresponding server." msgstr "" #: gpasswd.1.xml:298(para) msgid "newgrp1, groupadd8, groupdel8, groupmod8, grpck8, group5, gshadow5." msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:57(refentrytitle) faillog.8.xml:64(refname) faillog.8.xml:70(command) faillog.5.xml:57(refentrytitle) faillog.5.xml:64(refname) faillog.5.xml:111(refentrytitle) msgid "faillog" msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:65(refpurpose) msgid "display faillog records or set login failure limits" msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:79(para) msgid "faillog displays the contents of the failure log database (/var/log/faillog). It can also set the failure counters and limits. When faillog is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure." msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:90(para) msgid "The options which apply to the faillog command are:" msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:98(para) msgid "Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the faillog database." msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:102(para) msgid "The range of users can be restricted with the option." msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:106(para) msgid "In display mode, this is still restricted to existing users but forces the display of the faillog entries even if they are empty." msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:111(para) msgid "With the , , , options, the users' records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the system. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of users." msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:128(term) msgid ",  SEC" msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:132(para) msgid "Lock account for SEC seconds after failed login." msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:136(para) faillog.8.xml:161(para) faillog.8.xml:173(para) msgid "Write access to /var/log/faillog is required for this option." msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:143(term) msgid ",  MAX" msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:147(para) msgid "Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to MAX." msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:151(para) msgid "Selecting a MAX value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed logins." msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:156(para) msgid "The maximum failure count should always be 0 for root to prevent a denial of services attack against the system." msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:168(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:170(para) msgid "Reset the counters of login failures." msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:195(para) msgid "Display faillog records more recent than DAYS." msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:206(para) msgid "Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used with , or options) only for the specified user(s)." msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:224(para) msgid "When none of the , , or options are used, faillog displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)." msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:233(para) msgid "faillog only prints out users with no successful login since the last failure. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the flag, or print out all users with the flag." msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:246(filename) faillog.5.xml:99(filename) msgid "/var/log/faillog" msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:248(para) faillog.5.xml:101(para) msgid "Failure logging file." msgstr "" #: faillog.8.xml:256(para) msgid "login1, faillog5." msgstr "" #: faillog.5.xml:65(refpurpose) msgid "login failure logging file" msgstr "" #: faillog.5.xml:70(para) msgid "/var/log/faillog maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account." msgstr "" #: faillog.5.xml:74(para) msgid "The file contains fixed length records, indexed by numerical UID. Each record contains the count of login failures since the last successful login; the maximum number of failures before the account is disabled; the line on which the last login failure occurred; the date of the last login failure; and the duration (in seconds) during which the account will be locked after a failure." msgstr "" #: faillog.5.xml:84(para) msgid "The structure of the file is:" msgstr "" #: faillog.5.xml:85(programlisting) #, no-wrap msgid "\nstruct\tfaillog {\n\tshort fail_cnt;\n\tshort fail_max;\n\tchar fail_line[12];\n\ttime_t fail_time;\n\tlong fail_locktime;\n};" msgstr "" #: expiry.1.xml:45(contrib) chsh.1.xml:44(contrib) chfn.1.xml:44(contrib) chage.1.xml:42(contrib) msgid "Creation, 1990" msgstr "" #: expiry.1.xml:61(refentrytitle) expiry.1.xml:68(refname) expiry.1.xml:74(command) msgid "expiry" msgstr "" #: expiry.1.xml:69(refpurpose) msgid "check and enforce password expiration policy" msgstr "" #: expiry.1.xml:83(para) msgid "The expiry command checks () the current password expiration and forces () changes when required. It is callable as a normal user command." msgstr "" #: expiry.1.xml:92(para) msgid "The options which apply to the expiry command are:" msgstr "" #: expiry.1.xml:97(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: expiry.1.xml:99(para) msgid "Check the password expiration of the current user." msgstr "" #: expiry.1.xml:105(para) msgid "Force a password change if the current user has an expired password." msgstr "" #: expiry.1.xml:140(para) chage.1.xml:312(para) msgid "passwd5, shadow5." msgstr "" #: chsh.1.xml:68(refpurpose) msgid "change login shell" msgstr "" #: chsh.1.xml:85(para) msgid "The chsh command changes the user login shell. This determines the name of the user's initial login command. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account." msgstr "" #: chsh.1.xml:96(para) msgid "The options which apply to the chsh command are:" msgstr "" #: chsh.1.xml:130(para) msgid "If the option is not selected, chsh operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one. The current shell is displayed between a pair of [ ] marks." msgstr "" #: chsh.1.xml:141(para) msgid "The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must be listed in /etc/shells, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added. An account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell. For this reason, placing /bin/rsh in /etc/shells is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value." msgstr "" #: chsh.1.xml:176(filename) msgid "/etc/shells" msgstr "" #: chsh.1.xml:178(para) msgid "List of valid login shells." msgstr "" #: chsh.1.xml:192(para) msgid "chfn1, login.defs5, passwd5." msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:69(refpurpose) msgid "update passwords in batch mode" msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:83(para) msgid "The chpasswd command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users. Each line is of the format:" msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:88(para) msgid "user_name:password" msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:92(para) msgid "By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are encrypted by chpasswd. Also the password age will be updated, if present." msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:97(para) msgid "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the or variables of /etc/login.defs, and can be overwitten with the , , or options." msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:105(para) msgid "By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not recommended) you can select a different encryption method with the , , or options." msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:111(para) msgid "Except when PAM is used to encrypt the passwords,chpasswd first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occured for any user." msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:117(para) msgid "When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in the system database) then if a password cannot be updated chpasswd continues updating the passwords of the next users, and will return an error code on exit." msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:123(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:98(para) msgid "This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many accounts are created at a single time." msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:131(para) msgid "The options which apply to the chpasswd command are:" msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:137(term) msgid ",  METHOD" msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:142(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:115(para) msgid "The available methods are DES, MD5, and NONE." msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:149(para) msgid "By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords." msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:152(para) msgid "By default (if none of the , , or options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the or variables of /etc/login.defs." msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:163(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:125(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:165(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:127(para) msgid "Supplied passwords are in encrypted form." msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:179(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:137(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:181(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:139(para) msgid "Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are not encrypted." msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:200(term) msgid ",  ROUNDS" msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:219(para) msgid "By default, the number of rounds is defined by the and variables in /etc/login.defs." msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:232(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:187(para) msgid "Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of unencrypted files by other users." msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:276(filename) msgid "/etc/pam.d/chpasswd" msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:278(para) msgid "PAM configuration for chpasswd." msgstr "" #: chpasswd.8.xml:286(para) msgid "passwd1, newusers8, login.defs5, useradd8." msgstr "" #: chgpasswd.8.xml:47(contrib) msgid "Creation, 2006" msgstr "" #: chgpasswd.8.xml:65(refpurpose) msgid "update group passwords in batch mode" msgstr "" #: chgpasswd.8.xml:79(para) msgid "The chgpasswd command reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups. Each line is of the format:" msgstr "" #: chgpasswd.8.xml:84(para) msgid "group_name:password" msgstr "" #: chgpasswd.8.xml:88(para) msgid "By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted by chgpasswd." msgstr "" #: chgpasswd.8.xml:92(para) msgid "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the variable of /etc/login.defs, and can be overwiten with the , , or options." msgstr "" #: chgpasswd.8.xml:106(para) msgid "The options which apply to the chgpasswd command are:" msgstr "" #: chgpasswd.8.xml:238(para) msgid "gpasswd1, groupadd8, login.defs5." msgstr "" #: chfn.1.xml:68(refpurpose) msgid "change real user name and information" msgstr "" #: chfn.1.xml:85(para) msgid "The chfn command changes user fullname, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a user's account. This information is typically printed by finger1 and similar programs. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in /etc/login.defs. (The default configuration is to prevent users from changing their fullname.) The superuser may change any field for any account. Additionally, only the superuser may use the option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field." msgstr "" #: chfn.1.xml:99(para) msgid "These fields must not contain any colons. Except for the other field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign. It is also recommended to avoid non-US-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone numbers. The other field is used to store accounting information used by other applications." msgstr "" #: chfn.1.xml:112(para) msgid "The options which apply to the chfn command are:" msgstr "" #: chfn.1.xml:117(term) msgid ",  FULL_NAME" msgstr "" #: chfn.1.xml:121(para) msgid "Change the user's full name." msgstr "" #: chfn.1.xml:125(term) msgid ",  HOME_PHONE" msgstr "" #: chfn.1.xml:129(para) msgid "Change the user's home phone number." msgstr "" #: chfn.1.xml:133(term) msgid ",  OTHER" msgstr "" #: chfn.1.xml:137(para) msgid "Change the user's other GECOS information. This field is used to store accounting information used by other applications, and can be changed only by a superuser." msgstr "" #: chfn.1.xml:145(term) msgid ",  ROOM_NUMBER" msgstr "" #: chfn.1.xml:149(para) msgid "Change the user's room number." msgstr "" #: chfn.1.xml:165(term) msgid ", " msgstr "" #: chfn.1.xml:173(term) msgid ",  WORK_PHONE" msgstr "" #: chfn.1.xml:177(para) msgid "Change the user's office phone number." msgstr "" #: chfn.1.xml:181(para) msgid "If none of the options are selected, chfn operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of [ ] marks. Without options, chfn prompts for the current user account." msgstr "" #: chfn.1.xml:226(para) msgid "chsh1, login.defs5, passwd5." msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:66(refpurpose) msgid "change user password expiry information" msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:82(para) msgid "The chage command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change his/her password." msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:92(para) msgid "The options which apply to the chage command are:" msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:97(term) msgid ",  LAST_DAY" msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:101(para) msgid "Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last changed. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)." msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:109(term) msgid ",  EXPIRE_DATE" msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:113(para) msgid "Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on which the user's account will no longer be accessible. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area). A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again." msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:121(para) msgid "Passing the number -1 as the EXPIRE_DATE will remove an account expiration date." msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:135(term) msgid ",  INACTIVE" msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:139(para) msgid "Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked. The INACTIVE option is the number of days of inactivity. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again." msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:146(para) msgid "Passing the number -1 as the INACTIVE will remove an account's inactivity." msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:158(para) msgid "Show account aging information." msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:164(term) msgid ",  MIN_DAYS" msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:176(term) msgid ",  MAX_DAYS" msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:180(para) msgid "Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid. When MAX_DAYS plus LAST_DAY is less than the current day, the user will be required to change his/her password before being able to use his/her account. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the option, which provides the user with advance warning." msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:189(para) msgid "Passing the number -1 as MAX_DAYS will remove checking a password's validity." msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:209(term) msgid ",  WARN_DAYS" msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:213(para) msgid "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The WARN_DAYS option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned his/her password is about to expire." msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:222(para) msgid "If none of the options are selected, chage operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of [ ] marks." msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:232(para) msgid "The chage program requires a shadow password file to be available." msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:236(para) msgid "The chage command is restricted to the root user, except for the option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when his/her password or account is due to expire." msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:301(replaceable) msgid "15" msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:303(para) msgid "can't find the shadow password file" msgstr "" #: chage.1.xml:279(para) msgid "The chage command exits with the following values: " msgstr "" #. Put one translator per line, in the form of NAME , YEAR1, YEAR2 #: chage.1.xml:0(None) msgid "translator-credits" msgstr ""