gpasswd 1 User Commands gpasswd administer the /etc/group file gpasswd group gpasswd -a user group gpasswd -d user group gpasswd -R group gpasswd -r group gpasswd -A user, -M user, group gpasswd is used to administer the /etc/group file (and /etc/gshadow file if compiled with SHADOWGRP defined). Every group can have administrators, members and a password. System administrator can use -A option to define group administrator(s) and -M option to define members and has all rights of group administrators and members. Group passwords are an inherent security problem since more than one person is permitted to know the password. However, groups are a useful tool for permitting co-operation between different users. Group administrator can add and delete users using -a and -d options respectively. Administrators can use -r option to remove group password. When no password is set only group members can use newgrp to join the group. Option -R disables access via a password to the group through newgrp command (however members will still be able to switch to this group). gpasswd called by a group administrator with group name only prompts for the group password. If password is set the members can still newgrp1 without a password, non-members must supply the password. /etc/group Group account information. /etc/gshadow Secure group account information. newgrp1 , gshadow5 , groupadd8 , groupdel8 , groupmod8 , grpck8 , group5 .