useradd 8 useradd Create a new user or update default new user information useradd options LOGIN useradd -D useradd -D options DESCRIPTION Creating New Users When invoked without the option, the useradd command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line and the default values from the system. Depending on command line options, the useradd command will update system files and may also create the new user's home directory and copy initial files. OPTIONS The options which apply to the useradd command are: , COMMENT Any text string. It is generally a short description of the login, and is currently used as the field for the user's full name. , BASE_DIR The default base directory for the system if dir is not specified. BASE_DIR is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory. If the option is not used, base_dir must exist. , HOME_DIR The new user will be created using HOME_DIR as the value for the user's login directory. The default is to append the LOGIN name to BASE_DIR and use that as the login directory name. , EXPIRE_DATE The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified in the format YYYY-MM-DD. , INACTIVE The number of days after a password expires until the account is permanently disabled. A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the password has expired, and a value of -1 disables the feature. The default value is -1. , GROUP The group name or number of the user's initial login group. The group name must exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group. The default group number is 1 or whatever is specified in /etc/default/useradd. , GROUP1[,GROUP2,...[,GROUPN]]] A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the option. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group. , Display help message and exit. , The user's home directory will be created if it does not exist. The files contained in skeleton_dir will be copied to the home directory if the option is used, otherwise the files contained in /etc/skel will be used instead. Any directories contained in skeleton_dir or /etc/skel will be created in the user's home directory as well. The option is only valid in conjunction with the option. The default is to not create the directory and to not copy any files. , KEY=VALUE Overrides /etc/login.defs defaults (UID_MIN, UID_MAX, UMASK, PASS_MAX_DAYS and others). For example: PASS_MAX_DAYS=-1 can be used when creating system account to turn off password ageing, even though system account has no password at all. Multiple options can be specified, e.g.: UID_MIN=100 UID_MAX=499 Note: UID_MIN=10,UID_MAX=499 doesn't work yet. , Allow create user account with duplicate (non-unique) UID. , PASSWORD The encrypted password, as returned by crypt3 . The default is to disable the account. , SHELL The name of the user's login shell. The default is to leave this field blank, which causes the system to select the default login shell. , UID The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless the option is used. The value must be non-negative. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than 999 and greater than every other user. Values between 0 and 999 are typically reserved for system accounts. Changing the default values When invoked with the option, useradd will either display the current default values, or update the default values from the command line. The valid options are home_dir The initial path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will be affixed to the end of home to create the new directory name if the option is not used when creating a new account. expire_date The date on which the user account is disabled. inactive The number of days after a password has expired before the account will be disabled. , GROUP The group name or ID for a new user's initial group. The named group must exist, and a numerical group ID must have an existing entry . , SHELL The name of the new user's login shell. The named program will be used for all future new user accounts. If no options are specified, useradd displays the current default values. NOTES The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the /etc/skel/ directory. CAVEATS You may not add a user to a NIS group. This must be performed on the NIS server. FILES /etc/passwd user account information /etc/shadow secure user account information /etc/group group account information /etc/default/useradd default information /etc/skel/ directory containing default files EXIT VALUES The useadd command exits with the following values: 0 success 1 can't update password file 2 invalid command syntax 3 invalid argument to option 4 uid already in use (and no -o) 6 specified group doesn't exist 9 username already in use 10 can't update group file 12 can't create home directory 13 can't create mail spool SEE ALSO chfn1 , chsh1 , passwd1 , crypt3 , groupadd8 , groupdel8 , groupmod8 , userdel8 , usermod8 AUTHOR Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com)