// Copyright (C) 2011 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// This file is part of the thin-provisioning-tools source.
//
// thin-provisioning-tools is free software: you can redistribute it
// and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
// as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of
// the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// thin-provisioning-tools is distributed in the hope that it will be
// useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty
// of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
// with thin-provisioning-tools.  If not, see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

#ifndef BLOCK_H
#define BLOCK_H

#include "persistent-data/cache.h"
#include "persistent-data/lock_tracker.h"

#include <stdint.h>
#include <map>
#include <vector>

#include <boost/noncopyable.hpp>
#include <boost/optional.hpp>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>

#include <string.h>
#include <malloc.h>

//----------------------------------------------------------------

namespace persistent_data {

	uint32_t const MD_BLOCK_SIZE = 4096;

	typedef uint64_t block_address;

	// Heinz: could you move this to a separate file.  Add a big
	// comment explaining that you should allocate it on the heap if
	// you want the alignment guarantees.  Then write a test suite
	// (buffer_t) that covers the following cases.
	//
	// - Allocate several on the heap, check they have the requested
	//   alignment.  Try for various Alignments.  If memalign has
	//   restrictions could you document (eg, power of 2).

	// - you can use the [] to set a value in a non-const instance

	// - you can't use the [] to set a value in a const instance - not
	//   sure how to do this, since it'll be a compile time error.

	// - you can use [] to read back a value that you've set.

	// - [] to read works in a const instance.

	// - you can use raw() to get and set values.

	// - an exception is thrown if you put too large an index in []

	// - check you can't copy a buffer via a copy constructor or ==
	// - (again a compile time error, just experiment so you understand
	// - boost::noncopyable).

	template <uint32_t BlockSize = MD_BLOCK_SIZE, uint32_t Alignment = 512>
	class buffer : private boost::noncopyable {
	public:
		unsigned char &operator[](unsigned index) {
			if (index >= BlockSize)
				throw std::runtime_error("buffer index out of bounds");

			return data_[index];
		}

		unsigned char const &operator[](unsigned index) const {
			if (index >= BlockSize)
				throw std::runtime_error("buffer index out of bounds");

			return data_[index];
		}

		unsigned char *raw() {
			return data_;
		}

		unsigned char const *raw() const {
			return data_;
		}

		static void *operator new(size_t s) {
			return ::memalign(Alignment, s);
		}

		static void operator delete(void *p) {
			free(p);
		}

	private:
		unsigned char data_[BlockSize];
	};

	template <uint32_t BlockSize = MD_BLOCK_SIZE>
	class block_io : private boost::noncopyable {
	public:
		typedef boost::shared_ptr<block_io> ptr;
		enum mode {
			READ_ONLY,
			READ_WRITE,
			CREATE
		};

		block_io(std::string const &path, block_address nr_blocks, mode m);
		~block_io();

		block_address get_nr_blocks() const {
			return nr_blocks_;
		}

		void read_buffer(block_address location, buffer<BlockSize> &buf) const;
		void write_buffer(block_address location, buffer<BlockSize> const &buf);

	private:
		int fd_;
		block_address nr_blocks_;
		mode mode_;
		bool writeable_;
	};

	template <uint32_t BlockSize = MD_BLOCK_SIZE>
	class block_manager : private boost::noncopyable {
	public:
		typedef boost::shared_ptr<block_manager> ptr;

		block_manager(std::string const &path,
			      block_address nr_blocks,
			      unsigned max_concurrent_locks,
			      typename block_io<BlockSize>::mode m);

		class validator {
		public:
			typedef boost::shared_ptr<validator> ptr;

			virtual ~validator() {}

			virtual void check(buffer<BlockSize> const &b, block_address location) const = 0;
			virtual void prepare(buffer<BlockSize> &b, block_address location) const = 0;
		};

		class noop_validator : public validator {
		public:
			void check(buffer<BlockSize> const &b, block_address location) const {}
			void prepare(buffer<BlockSize> &b, block_address location) const {}
		};

		enum block_type {
			BT_SUPERBLOCK,
			BT_NORMAL
		};

		struct block : private boost::noncopyable {
			typedef boost::shared_ptr<block> ptr;

			block(typename block_io<BlockSize>::ptr io,
			      block_address location,
			      block_type bt,
			      typename validator::ptr v,
			      bool zero = false);
			~block();

			void check_read_lockable() const {
				// FIXME: finish
			}

			void check_write_lockable() const {
				// FIXME: finish
			}

			void flush();

			typename block_io<BlockSize>::ptr io_;
			block_address location_;
			std::auto_ptr<buffer<BlockSize> > data_;
			typename validator::ptr validator_;
			block_type bt_;
			bool dirty_;
		};

		class read_ref {
		public:
			read_ref(block_manager<BlockSize> const &bm,
				 typename block::ptr b);
			read_ref(read_ref const &rhs);
			virtual ~read_ref();

			read_ref const &operator =(read_ref const &rhs);

			block_address get_location() const;
			buffer<BlockSize> const &data() const;

		protected:
			block_manager<BlockSize> const *bm_;
			typename block::ptr block_;
			unsigned *holders_;
		};

		// Inherited from read_ref, since you can read a block that's write
		// locked.
		class write_ref : public read_ref {
		public:
			write_ref(block_manager<BlockSize> const &bm,
				  typename block::ptr b);

			using read_ref::data;
			buffer<BlockSize> &data();
		};

		// Locking methods
		read_ref
		read_lock(block_address location,
			  typename validator::ptr v =
			  typename validator::ptr(new noop_validator())) const;

		write_ref
		write_lock(block_address location,
			   typename validator::ptr v =
			   typename validator::ptr(new noop_validator()));

		write_ref
		write_lock_zero(block_address location,
				typename validator::ptr v =
				typename validator::ptr(new noop_validator()));

		// The super block is the one that should be written last.
		// Unlocking this block triggers the following events:
		//
		// i) synchronous write of all dirty blocks _except_ the
		// superblock.
		//
		// ii) synchronous write of superblock
		//
		// If any locks are held at the time of the superblock
		// being unlocked then an exception will be thrown.
		write_ref superblock(block_address b,
				     typename validator::ptr v =
				     typename validator::ptr(new noop_validator()));
		write_ref superblock_zero(block_address b,
					  typename validator::ptr v =
					  typename validator::ptr(new noop_validator()));

		block_address get_nr_blocks() const;

		void flush() const;

	private:
		void check(block_address b) const;
		void write_block(typename block::ptr b) const;

		enum lock_type {
			READ_LOCK,
			WRITE_LOCK
		};

		struct cache_traits {
			typedef typename block::ptr value_type;
			typedef block_address key_type;

			static key_type get_key(value_type const &v) {
				return v->location_;
			}
		};

		typename block_io<BlockSize>::ptr io_;
		mutable base::cache<cache_traits> cache_;

		// FIXME: we need a dirty list as well as a cache
		mutable lock_tracker tracker_;
	};

	// A little utility to help build validators
	inline block_manager<>::validator::ptr
	mk_validator(block_manager<>::validator *v) {
		return block_manager<>::validator::ptr(v);
	}
}

#include "block.tcc"

//----------------------------------------------------------------

#endif