busybox/coreutils/expr.c

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/* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
/*
* Mini expr implementation for busybox
*
* based on GNU expr Mike Parker.
* Copyright (C) 86, 1991-1997, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*
* Busybox modifications
* Copyright (c) 2000 Edward Betts <edward@debian.org>.
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* Copyright (C) 2003-2005 Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>
* - reduced 464 bytes.
* - 64 math support
*
* Licensed under GPLv2 or later, see file LICENSE in this source tree.
*/
/* This program evaluates expressions. Each token (operator, operand,
* parenthesis) of the expression must be a separate argument. The
* parser used is a reasonably general one, though any incarnation of
* it is language-specific. It is especially nice for expressions.
*
* No parse tree is needed; a new node is evaluated immediately.
* One function can handle multiple operators all of equal precedence,
* provided they all associate ((x op x) op x).
*/
//config:config EXPR
//config: bool "expr"
//config: default y
//config: help
//config: expr is used to calculate numbers and print the result
//config: to standard output.
//config:
//config:config EXPR_MATH_SUPPORT_64
//config: bool "Extend Posix numbers support to 64 bit"
//config: default y
//config: depends on EXPR
//config: help
//config: Enable 64-bit math support in the expr applet. This will make
//config: the applet slightly larger, but will allow computation with very
//config: large numbers.
//applet:IF_EXPR(APPLET(expr, BB_DIR_USR_BIN, BB_SUID_DROP))
//kbuild:lib-$(CONFIG_EXPR) += expr.o
//usage:#define expr_trivial_usage
//usage: "EXPRESSION"
//usage:#define expr_full_usage "\n\n"
//usage: "Print the value of EXPRESSION to stdout\n"
//usage: "\n"
//usage: "EXPRESSION may be:\n"
//usage: " ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2\n"
//usage: " ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0\n"
//usage: " ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly:\n"
//usage: " ARG1 <= ARG2\n"
//usage: " ARG1 = ARG2\n"
//usage: " ARG1 != ARG2\n"
//usage: " ARG1 >= ARG2\n"
//usage: " ARG1 > ARG2\n"
//usage: " ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly:\n"
//usage: " ARG1 - ARG2\n"
//usage: " ARG1 * ARG2\n"
//usage: " ARG1 / ARG2\n"
//usage: " ARG1 % ARG2\n"
//usage: " STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING\n"
//usage: " match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP\n"
//usage: " substr STRING POS LENGTH Substring of STRING, POS counted from 1\n"
//usage: " index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0\n"
//usage: " length STRING Length of STRING\n"
//usage: " quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if\n"
//usage: " it is a keyword like 'match' or an\n"
//usage: " operator like '/'\n"
//usage: " (EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION\n"
//usage: "\n"
//usage: "Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.\n"
//usage: "Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else\n"
//usage: "lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between\n"
//usage: "\\( and \\) or null; if \\( and \\) are not used, they return the number\n"
//usage: "of characters matched or 0."
#include "libbb.h"
#include "common_bufsiz.h"
#include "xregex.h"
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#if ENABLE_EXPR_MATH_SUPPORT_64
typedef int64_t arith_t;
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#define PF_REZ "ll"
#define PF_REZ_TYPE (long long)
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#define STRTOL(s, e, b) strtoll(s, e, b)
#else
typedef long arith_t;
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#define PF_REZ "l"
#define PF_REZ_TYPE (long)
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#define STRTOL(s, e, b) strtol(s, e, b)
#endif
/* TODO: use bb_strtol[l]? It's easier to check for errors... */
/* The kinds of value we can have. */
enum {
INTEGER,
STRING
};
/* A value is.... */
struct valinfo {
smallint type; /* Which kind. */
union { /* The value itself. */
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arith_t i;
char *s;
} u;
};
typedef struct valinfo VALUE;
/* The arguments given to the program, minus the program name. */
struct globals {
char **args;
} FIX_ALIASING;
#define G (*(struct globals*)bb_common_bufsiz1)
#define INIT_G() do { setup_common_bufsiz(); } while (0)
/* forward declarations */
static VALUE *eval(void);
/* Return a VALUE for I. */
static VALUE *int_value(arith_t i)
{
VALUE *v;
v = xzalloc(sizeof(VALUE));
if (INTEGER) /* otherwise xzalloc did it already */
v->type = INTEGER;
v->u.i = i;
return v;
}
/* Return a VALUE for S. */
static VALUE *str_value(const char *s)
{
VALUE *v;
v = xzalloc(sizeof(VALUE));
if (STRING) /* otherwise xzalloc did it already */
v->type = STRING;
v->u.s = xstrdup(s);
return v;
}
/* Free VALUE V, including structure components. */
static void freev(VALUE *v)
{
if (v->type == STRING)
free(v->u.s);
free(v);
}
/* Return nonzero if V is a null-string or zero-number. */
static int null(VALUE *v)
{
if (v->type == INTEGER)
return v->u.i == 0;
/* STRING: */
return v->u.s[0] == '\0' || LONE_CHAR(v->u.s, '0');
}
/* Coerce V to a STRING value (can't fail). */
static void tostring(VALUE *v)
{
if (v->type == INTEGER) {
v->u.s = xasprintf("%" PF_REZ "d", PF_REZ_TYPE v->u.i);
v->type = STRING;
}
}
/* Coerce V to an INTEGER value. Return 1 on success, 0 on failure. */
static bool toarith(VALUE *v)
{
if (v->type == STRING) {
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arith_t i;
char *e;
/* Don't interpret the empty string as an integer. */
/* Currently does not worry about overflow or int/long differences. */
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i = STRTOL(v->u.s, &e, 10);
if ((v->u.s == e) || *e)
return 0;
free(v->u.s);
v->u.i = i;
v->type = INTEGER;
}
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return 1;
}
/* Return str[0]+str[1] if the next token matches STR exactly.
STR must not be NULL. */
static int nextarg(const char *str)
{
if (*G.args == NULL || strcmp(*G.args, str) != 0)
return 0;
return (unsigned char)str[0] + (unsigned char)str[1];
}
/* The comparison operator handling functions. */
static int cmp_common(VALUE *l, VALUE *r, int op)
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{
arith_t ll, rr;
ll = l->u.i;
rr = r->u.i;
if (l->type == STRING || r->type == STRING) {
tostring(l);
tostring(r);
ll = strcmp(l->u.s, r->u.s);
rr = 0;
}
/* calculating ll - rr and checking the result is prone to overflows.
* We'll do it differently: */
if (op == '<')
return ll < rr;
if (op == ('<' + '='))
return ll <= rr;
if (op == '=' || (op == '=' + '='))
return ll == rr;
if (op == '!' + '=')
return ll != rr;
if (op == '>')
return ll > rr;
/* >= */
return ll >= rr;
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}
/* The arithmetic operator handling functions. */
static arith_t arithmetic_common(VALUE *l, VALUE *r, int op)
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{
arith_t li, ri;
if (!toarith(l) || !toarith(r))
bb_error_msg_and_die("non-numeric argument");
li = l->u.i;
ri = r->u.i;
if (op == '+')
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return li + ri;
if (op == '-')
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return li - ri;
if (op == '*')
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return li * ri;
if (ri == 0)
bb_error_msg_and_die("division by zero");
if (op == '/')
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return li / ri;
return li % ri;
}
/* Do the : operator.
SV is the VALUE for the lhs (the string),
PV is the VALUE for the rhs (the pattern). */
static VALUE *docolon(VALUE *sv, VALUE *pv)
{
enum { NMATCH = 2 };
VALUE *v;
regex_t re_buffer;
regmatch_t re_regs[NMATCH];
tostring(sv);
tostring(pv);
if (pv->u.s[0] == '^') {
bb_error_msg(
"warning: '%s': using '^' as the first character\n"
"of a basic regular expression is not portable; it is ignored", pv->u.s);
}
memset(&re_buffer, 0, sizeof(re_buffer));
memset(re_regs, 0, sizeof(re_regs));
xregcomp(&re_buffer, pv->u.s, 0);
/* expr uses an anchored pattern match, so check that there was a
* match and that the match starts at offset 0. */
if (regexec(&re_buffer, sv->u.s, NMATCH, re_regs, 0) != REG_NOMATCH
&& re_regs[0].rm_so == 0
) {
/* Were \(...\) used? */
if (re_buffer.re_nsub > 0 && re_regs[1].rm_so >= 0) {
sv->u.s[re_regs[1].rm_eo] = '\0';
v = str_value(sv->u.s + re_regs[1].rm_so);
} else {
v = int_value(re_regs[0].rm_eo);
}
} else {
/* Match failed -- return the right kind of null. */
if (re_buffer.re_nsub > 0)
v = str_value("");
else
v = int_value(0);
}
regfree(&re_buffer);
return v;
}
/* Handle bare operands and ( expr ) syntax. */
static VALUE *eval7(void)
{
VALUE *v;
if (!*G.args)
bb_error_msg_and_die("syntax error");
if (nextarg("(")) {
G.args++;
v = eval();
if (!nextarg(")"))
bb_error_msg_and_die("syntax error");
G.args++;
return v;
}
if (nextarg(")"))
bb_error_msg_and_die("syntax error");
return str_value(*G.args++);
}
/* Handle match, substr, index, length, and quote keywords. */
static VALUE *eval6(void)
{
static const char keywords[] ALIGN1 =
"quote\0""length\0""match\0""index\0""substr\0";
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VALUE *r, *i1, *i2;
VALUE *l = l; /* silence gcc */
VALUE *v = v; /* silence gcc */
int key = *G.args ? index_in_strings(keywords, *G.args) + 1 : 0;
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if (key == 0) /* not a keyword */
return eval7();
G.args++; /* We have a valid token, so get the next argument. */
if (key == 1) { /* quote */
if (!*G.args)
bb_error_msg_and_die("syntax error");
return str_value(*G.args++);
}
if (key == 2) { /* length */
r = eval6();
tostring(r);
v = int_value(strlen(r->u.s));
freev(r);
} else
l = eval6();
if (key == 3) { /* match */
r = eval6();
v = docolon(l, r);
freev(l);
freev(r);
}
if (key == 4) { /* index */
r = eval6();
tostring(l);
tostring(r);
v = int_value(strcspn(l->u.s, r->u.s) + 1);
if (v->u.i == (arith_t) strlen(l->u.s) + 1)
v->u.i = 0;
freev(l);
freev(r);
}
if (key == 5) { /* substr */
i1 = eval6();
i2 = eval6();
tostring(l);
if (!toarith(i1) || !toarith(i2)
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|| i1->u.i > (arith_t) strlen(l->u.s)
|| i1->u.i <= 0 || i2->u.i <= 0)
v = str_value("");
else {
v = xmalloc(sizeof(VALUE));
v->type = STRING;
v->u.s = xstrndup(l->u.s + i1->u.i - 1, i2->u.i);
}
freev(l);
freev(i1);
freev(i2);
}
return v;
}
/* Handle : operator (pattern matching).
Calls docolon to do the real work. */
static VALUE *eval5(void)
{
VALUE *l, *r, *v;
l = eval6();
while (nextarg(":")) {
G.args++;
r = eval6();
v = docolon(l, r);
freev(l);
freev(r);
l = v;
}
return l;
}
/* Handle *, /, % operators. */
static VALUE *eval4(void)
{
VALUE *l, *r;
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int op;
arith_t val;
l = eval5();
while (1) {
op = nextarg("*");
if (!op) { op = nextarg("/");
if (!op) { op = nextarg("%");
if (!op) return l;
}}
G.args++;
r = eval5();
val = arithmetic_common(l, r, op);
freev(l);
freev(r);
l = int_value(val);
}
}
/* Handle +, - operators. */
static VALUE *eval3(void)
{
VALUE *l, *r;
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int op;
arith_t val;
l = eval4();
while (1) {
op = nextarg("+");
if (!op) {
op = nextarg("-");
if (!op) return l;
}
G.args++;
r = eval4();
val = arithmetic_common(l, r, op);
freev(l);
freev(r);
l = int_value(val);
}
}
/* Handle comparisons. */
static VALUE *eval2(void)
{
VALUE *l, *r;
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int op;
arith_t val;
l = eval3();
while (1) {
op = nextarg("<");
if (!op) { op = nextarg("<=");
if (!op) { op = nextarg("=");
if (!op) { op = nextarg("==");
if (!op) { op = nextarg("!=");
if (!op) { op = nextarg(">=");
if (!op) { op = nextarg(">");
if (!op) return l;
}}}}}}
G.args++;
r = eval3();
toarith(l);
toarith(r);
val = cmp_common(l, r, op);
freev(l);
freev(r);
l = int_value(val);
}
}
/* Handle &. */
static VALUE *eval1(void)
{
VALUE *l, *r;
l = eval2();
while (nextarg("&")) {
G.args++;
r = eval2();
if (null(l) || null(r)) {
freev(l);
freev(r);
l = int_value(0);
} else
freev(r);
}
return l;
}
/* Handle |. */
static VALUE *eval(void)
{
VALUE *l, *r;
l = eval1();
while (nextarg("|")) {
G.args++;
r = eval1();
if (null(l)) {
freev(l);
l = r;
} else
freev(r);
}
return l;
}
int expr_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
int expr_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
{
VALUE *v;
INIT_G();
xfunc_error_retval = 2; /* coreutils compat */
G.args = argv + 1;
if (*G.args == NULL) {
bb_error_msg_and_die("too few arguments");
}
v = eval();
if (*G.args)
bb_error_msg_and_die("syntax error");
if (v->type == INTEGER)
printf("%" PF_REZ "d\n", PF_REZ_TYPE v->u.i);
else
puts(v->u.s);
fflush_stdout_and_exit(null(v));
}