busybox/shell
Denys Vlasenko 8dff01d06a libbb: introduce and use is_prefixed_with()
function                                             old     new   delta
is_prefixed_with                                       -      18     +18
complete_username                                     78      77      -1
man_main                                             737     735      -2
fsck_device                                          429     427      -2
unpack_ar_archive                                     80      76      -4
strip_unsafe_prefix                                  105     101      -4
singlemount                                         1054    1050      -4
rtc_adjtime_is_utc                                    90      86      -4
resolve_mount_spec                                    88      84      -4
parse_one_line                                      1029    1025      -4
parse_conf                                          1460    1456      -4
may_wakeup                                            83      79      -4
loadkmap_main                                        219     215      -4
get_irqs_from_stat                                   103      99      -4
get_header_cpio                                      913     909      -4
findfs_main                                           79      75      -4
fbsplash_main                                       1230    1226      -4
load_crontab                                         776     771      -5
expand_vars_to_list                                 1151    1146      -5
date_main                                            881     876      -5
skip_dev_pfx                                          30      24      -6
make_device                                         2199    2193      -6
complete_cmd_dir_file                                773     767      -6
run_applet_and_exit                                  715     708      -7
uudecode_main                                        321     313      -8
pwdx_main                                            197     189      -8
execute                                              568     560      -8
i2cdetect_main                                      1186    1176     -10
procps_scan                                         1242    1230     -12
procps_read_smaps                                   1017    1005     -12
process_module                                       746     734     -12
patch_main                                          1903    1891     -12
nfsmount                                            3572    3560     -12
stack_machine                                        126     112     -14
process_timer_stats                                  449     435     -14
match_fstype                                         111      97     -14
do_ipaddr                                           1344    1330     -14
open_list_and_close                                  359     343     -16
get_header_tar                                      1795    1779     -16
prepend_new_eth_table                                340     323     -17
fsck_main                                           1811    1794     -17
find_iface_state                                      56      38     -18
dnsd_main                                           1321    1303     -18
base_device                                          179     158     -21
find_keyword                                         104      82     -22
handle_incoming_and_exit                            2785    2762     -23
parse_and_put_prompt                                 774     746     -28
modinfo                                              347     317     -30
find_action                                          204     171     -33
update_passwd                                       1470    1436     -34
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 1/0 grow/shrink: 0/49 up/down: 18/-540)         Total: -522 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
2015-03-12 17:48:34 +01:00
..
ash_test ash: fix a SEGV case in an invalid heredoc 2015-02-05 21:00:17 +01:00
hush_test hush: make ${#var} unicode-aware 2014-08-13 09:57:44 +02:00
msh_test whitespace fixes 2010-01-25 13:39:24 +01:00
ash_doc.txt ash: fix TRACE commands 2009-03-19 23:09:58 +00:00
ash_ptr_hack.c *: make GNU licensing statement forms more regular 2010-08-16 20:14:46 +02:00
ash.c ash: fix a SEGV case in an invalid heredoc 2015-02-05 21:00:17 +01:00
brace.txt hush: wait for cmd to complete, and immediately store its exitcode in $? 2009-11-15 19:58:19 +01:00
Config.src ash,hush: optional support for $HISTFILESIZE. 2011-03-31 13:16:52 +02:00
cttyhack.c cttyhack: handle multiple consoles found in sysfs 2012-02-04 21:55:01 +01:00
hush_doc.txt hush: implement break and continue 2008-07-28 23:04:34 +00:00
hush_leaktool.sh hush: fix "export not_yet_defined_var", fix parsing of "cmd | }" 2009-04-19 23:07:51 +00:00
hush.c libbb: introduce and use is_prefixed_with() 2015-03-12 17:48:34 +01:00
Kbuild.src *: make GNU licensing statement forms more regular 2010-08-16 20:14:46 +02:00
match.c shell/match.c: shrink by dropping double bool inversion 2010-09-12 15:06:42 +02:00
match.h hush: optimize #[#] and %[%] for speed. size -2 bytes. 2010-09-04 21:21:07 +02:00
math.c typo fix in comment 2014-11-20 01:43:30 +01:00
math.h move endofname() to libbb 2013-02-26 00:36:53 +01:00
random.c ash,hush: fix a thinko about 2^64-1 factorization 2014-03-15 09:25:46 +01:00
random.h ash,hush: improve randomness of $RANDOM, add easy-ish way to test it 2014-03-13 12:52:43 +01:00
README update shell/README 2010-05-20 12:56:14 +02:00
README.job hush: small code shrink; style fixes 2007-04-20 08:35:45 +00:00
shell_common.c typo fix in comment 2013-07-14 01:23:06 +02:00
shell_common.h *: declare strings with ALIGN1, as appropriate 2012-07-24 15:56:37 +02:00

http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/
Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7


http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/V3_chap01.html
Shell & Utilities

It says that any of the standard utilities may be implemented
as a regular shell built-in. It gives a list of utilities which
are usually implemented that way (and some of them can only
be implemented as built-ins, like "alias"):

alias
bg
cd
command
false
fc
fg
getopts
jobs
kill
newgrp
pwd
read
true
umask
unalias
wait


http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/V3_chap02.html
Shell Command Language

It says that shell must implement special built-ins. Special built-ins
differ from regular ones by the fact that variable assignments
done on special builtin are *PRESERVED*. That is,

VAR=VAL special_builtin; echo $VAR

should print VAL.

(Another distinction is that an error in special built-in should
abort the shell, but this is not such a critical difference,
and moreover, at least bash's "set" does not follow this rule,
which is even codified in autoconf configure logic now...)

List of special builtins:

. file
: [argument...]
break [n]
continue [n]
eval [argument...]
exec [command [argument...]]
exit [n]
export name[=word]...
export -p
readonly name[=word]...
readonly -p
return [n]
set [-abCefhmnuvx] [-o option] [argument...]
set [+abCefhmnuvx] [+o option] [argument...]
set -- [argument...]
set -o
set +o
shift [n]
times
trap n [condition...]
trap [action condition...]
unset [-fv] name...

In practice, no one uses this obscure feature - none of these builtins
gives any special reasons to play such dirty tricks.

However. This section also says that *function invocation* should act
similar to special built-in. That is, variable assignments
done on function invocation should be preserved after function invocation.

This is significant: it is not unthinkable to want to run a function
with some variables set to special values. But because of the above,
it does not work: variable will "leak" out of the function.