nls: improve translations and provide translator help comments

Reference: http://www.freelists.org/post/procps/backporting,1
Reported-by: Jim Warner <james.warner@comcast.net>
Signed-off-by: Sami Kerola <kerolasa@iki.fi>

free.c

@@ -271,9 +271,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	do {
 
 		meminfo();
-		printf("%7s %10s %10s %10s %10s %10s %10s\n",
+		/* Translation Hint: You can use 9 character words in
-		       "", _("total"), _("used"), _("free"), _("shared"),
+		 * the header, and the words need to be right align to
-		       _("buffers"), _("cached"));
+		 * beginning of a number. */
+		printf("%s\n", _("             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached"));
 		printf("%-7s", _("Mem:"));
 		printf(" %10s", scale_size(kb_main_total, flags, args));
 		printf(" %10s", scale_size(kb_main_used, flags, args));

pgrep.c

@@ -750,7 +750,7 @@ static void parse_opts (int argc, char **argv)
 	else if (argc - optind > 1)
 		usage (0);
 	else if (criteria_count == 0) {
-		warnx(_("No matching criteria specified"));
+		warnx(_("no matching criteria specified"));
 		usage (0);
 	}
 }

pmap.c

@@ -108,11 +108,11 @@ static void discover_shm_minor(void)
 	}
 
 	if (shmdt(addr))
-		perror(_("shmdt"));
+		perror(_("shared memory detach"));
 
  out_destroy:
 	if (shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL))
-		perror(_("IPC_RMID"));
+		perror(_("shared memory remove"));
 
 	return;
 }
@@ -190,6 +190,9 @@ static int one_proc(proc_t * p)
 	if (!q_option && (x_option | d_option)) {
 		if (x_option) {
 			if (sizeof(KLONG) == 4)
+				/* Translation Hint: Please keep
+				 * alignment of the following four
+				 * headers intact. */
 				printf
 				    (_("Address   Kbytes     RSS   Dirty Mode   Mapping\n"));
 			else
@@ -353,10 +356,14 @@ static int one_proc(proc_t * p)
 		}
 		if (!x_option && !d_option) {
 			if (sizeof(KLONG) == 8)
+				/* Translation Hint: keep total string length
+				 * as 24 characters. Adjust %16 if needed*/
 				printf(_(" total %16ldK\n"),
 				       (total_shared + total_private_writeable +
 					total_private_readonly) >> 10);
 			else
+				/* Translation Hint: keep total string length
+				 * as 16 characters. Adjust %8 if needed*/
 				printf(_(" total %8ldK\n"),
 				       (total_shared + total_private_writeable +
 					total_private_readonly) >> 10);

ps/global.c

@@ -496,5 +496,5 @@ void self_info(void){
   fprintf(stderr, _("archdefs:%s\n"), archdefs);
 
   open_psdb(namelist_file);
-  fprintf(stderr,_("namelist_file=\"%s\"\n"),namelist_file?namelist_file:"<no System.map file>");
+  fprintf(stderr,_("namelist_file=\"%s\"\n"),namelist_file?namelist_file:_("<no System.map file>"));
 }

ps/help.c

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ void __attribute__ ((__noreturn__)) usage(FILE * out, int section)
 {
 	fputs(USAGE_HEADER, out);
 	fprintf(out,
-		" %s [options]\n", program_invocation_short_name);
+              _(" %s [options]\n"), program_invocation_short_name);
 	if (section == USAGE_SELECTION || section == USAGE_ALL) {
 	fputs(_("\nSimple options:\n"), out);
 	fputs(_(" -A               all processes\n"), out);
@@ -95,9 +95,16 @@ void __attribute__ ((__noreturn__)) usage(FILE * out, int section)
 	fputs(_("                  display help\n"), out);
 	}
 	if (section == USAGE_DEFAULT)
-	fprintf(out,
+
-	      _("\n Try `%s --help <selection|list|output|threads|misc|all>'\n"
+	/* Translation Hint: do not translate arguments, that breaks
-		" for more information.\n"), program_invocation_short_name);
+	 * string comparison. Outputting something like following
+	 * might work.
+	 *
+	 * Zry `%s --help <selection|list|output|threads|misc|all>
+	 *                (zlekzio|lizt|czreen vrites|threadz|mizc|trezt)
+	 */
+	fprintf(out, _("\n Try `%s --help <selection|list|output|threads|misc|all>'\n"
+		       " for more information.\n"), program_invocation_short_name);
 	fprintf(out, USAGE_MAN_TAIL("ps(1)"));
 	exit(out == stderr ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
 }

ps/parser.c

@@ -1134,7 +1134,7 @@ static const char *parse_all_options(void){
       return _("Garbage option.");
       break;
     default:
-      printf(_("                  ?    %s\n"),ps_argv[thisarg]);
+      printf("                  ?    %s\n",ps_argv[thisarg]);
       return _("Something broke.");
     } /* switch */
     if(err) return err;

ps/sortformat.c

@@ -96,12 +96,12 @@ static void O_wrap(sf_node *sfn, int otype){
   trailer = (otype=='b') ? "END_BSD" : "END_SYS5" ;
 
   fnode =  do_one_spec("pid",NULL);
-  if(!fnode)fprintf(stderr,"Seriously crashing. Goodbye cruel world.\n");
+  if(!fnode)fprintf(stderr,_("Seriously crashing. Goodbye cruel world.\n"));
   endp = sfn->f_cooked; while(endp->next) endp = endp->next;  /* find end */
   endp->next = fnode;
 
   fnode =  do_one_spec(trailer,NULL);
-  if(!fnode) { fprintf(stderr,"Seriously crashing. Goodbye cruel world.\n"); exit(1); }
+  if(!fnode) { fprintf(stderr,_("Seriously crashing. Goodbye cruel world.\n")); exit(1); }
   endp = fnode; while(endp->next) endp = endp->next;  /* find end */
   endp->next = sfn->f_cooked;
   sfn->f_cooked = fnode;
@@ -792,7 +792,7 @@ const char *process_sf_options(int localbroken){
   // with sorting. Do the threads remain grouped, with sorting
   // by process, or do the threads get sorted by themselves?
   if(sort_list && (thread_flags&TF_no_sort)){
-    return _("Tell procps@freelists.org what you expected.");
+    return _("Tell PACKAGE_BUGREPORT what you expected.");
   }
 
   // If nothing else, try to use $PS_FORMAT before the default.
@@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ const char *process_sf_options(int localbroken){
     if(tmp && *tmp){
       const char *err;
       sf_node sfn;
-      if(thread_flags&TF_must_use) return _("Tell procps@freelists.org what you want. (-L/-T, -m/m/H, and $PS_FORMAT)");
+      if(thread_flags&TF_must_use) return _("Tell PACKAGE_BUGREPORT what you want. (-L/-T, -m/m/H, and $PS_FORMAT)");
       sfn.sf = tmp;
       sfn.f_cooked = NULL;
       err = format_parse(&sfn);

pwdx.c

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 static void __attribute__ ((__noreturn__)) usage(FILE * out)
 {
 	fputs(USAGE_HEADER, out);
-	fprintf(out, " %s [options] pid...\n", program_invocation_short_name);
+	fprintf(out, _(" %s [options] pid...\n"), program_invocation_short_name);
 	fputs(USAGE_OPTIONS, out);
 	fputs(USAGE_HELP, out);
 	fputs(USAGE_VERSION, out);

skill.c

@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@ static void show_lists(void)
 {
 	int i;
 
+	/* Translation Hint: the following few messages to "CMD" are
+	 * for debugging, and does not have to be translated. */
 	fprintf(stderr, _("signal: %d\n"), sig_or_pri);
 
 	fprintf(stderr, _("%d TTY: "), tty_count);
@@ -261,7 +263,7 @@ static void __attribute__ ((__noreturn__)) kill_usage(FILE * out)
 {
 	fputs(USAGE_HEADER, out);
 	fprintf(out,
-		" %s [options] <pid> [...]\n", program_invocation_short_name);
+              _(" %s [options] <pid> [...]\n"), program_invocation_short_name);
 	fputs(USAGE_OPTIONS, out);
 	fputs(_(" <pid> [...]            send signal to every <pid> listed\n"), out);
 	fputs(_(" -<signal>, -s, --signal <signal>\n"), out);
@@ -282,11 +284,11 @@ static void __attribute__ ((__noreturn__)) skillsnice_usage(FILE * out)
 
 	if (program == PROG_SKILL) {
 		fprintf(out,
-			" %s [signal] [options] <expression>\n",
+			_(" %s [signal] [options] <expression>\n"),
 			program_invocation_short_name);
 	} else {
 		fprintf(out,
-			" %s [new priority] [options] <expression>\n",
+			_(" %s [new priority] [options] <expression>\n"),
 			program_invocation_short_name);
 	}
 	fputs(USAGE_OPTIONS, out);

slabtop.c

@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ static void sigint_handler(int unused __attribute__ ((__unused__)))
 static void __attribute__((__noreturn__)) usage(FILE *out)
 {
 	fputs(USAGE_HEADER, out);
-	fprintf(out, " %s [options]\n", program_invocation_short_name);
+	fprintf(out, _(" %s [options]\n"), program_invocation_short_name);
 	fputs(USAGE_OPTIONS, out);
 	fprintf(out, _(" -d, --delay <secs>  delay updates\n"));
 	fprintf(out, _(" -o, --once          only display once, then exit\n"));
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	}
 
 	if (tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &saved_tty) == -1)
-		warn(_("tcgetattr"));
+		warn(_("terminal setting retrieval"));
 
 	old_rows = rows;
 	term_size(0);
@@ -359,6 +359,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		       " %-35s: %d / %d (%.1f%%)\n"
 		       " %-35s: %.2fK / %.2fK (%.1f%%)\n"
 		       " %-35s: %.2fK / %.2fK / %.2fK\n\n",
+		       /* Translation Hint: Next five strings must not
+			* exceed 35 length in characters.  */
 		       _("Active / Total Objects (% used)"),
 		       stats.nr_active_objs, stats.nr_objs,
 		       100.0 * stats.nr_active_objs / stats.nr_objs,
@@ -378,10 +380,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		slab_list = slabsort(slab_list);
 
 		attron(A_REVERSE);
-		print_line("%6s %6s %4s %8s %6s %8s %10s %-23s\n",
+		/* Translation Hint: Please keep alignment of the
-			   _("OBJS"), _("ACTIVE"), _("USE"), _("OBJ SIZE"),
+		 * following intact. */
-			   _("SLABS"), _("OBJ/SLAB"), _("CACHE SIZE"),
+		printw("%-78s\n", _("  OBJS ACTIVE  USE OBJ SIZE  SLABS OBJ/SLAB CACHE SIZE NAME"));
-			   _("NAME"));
 		attroff(A_REVERSE);
 
 		curr = slab_list;

sysctl.c

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ static void __attribute__ ((__noreturn__))
 {
    fputs(USAGE_HEADER, out);
    fprintf(out,
-	   " %s [options] [variable[=value] ...]\n", program_invocation_short_name);
+	 _(" %s [options] [variable[=value] ...]\n"), program_invocation_short_name);
    fputs(USAGE_OPTIONS, out);
    fputs(_("  -a, --all            display all variables\n"), out);
    fputs(_("  -A                   alias of -a\n"), out);

tload.c

@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ static void setsize(int i)
 static void __attribute__ ((__noreturn__)) usage(FILE * out)
 {
 	fputs(USAGE_HEADER, out);
-	fprintf(out, " %s [options] [tty]\n", program_invocation_short_name);
+	fprintf(out,
+	      _(" %s [options] [tty]\n"), program_invocation_short_name);
 	fputs(USAGE_OPTIONS, out);
 	fputs(_(" -d, --delay <secs>  update delay in seconds\n"), out);
 	fputs(_(" -s, --scale <num>   vertical scale\n"), out);

vmstat.c

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ static void __attribute__ ((__noreturn__))
 {
 	fputs(USAGE_HEADER, out);
 	fprintf(out,
-		" %s [options] [delay [count]]\n",
+	      _(" %s [options] [delay [count]]\n"),
 		program_invocation_short_name);
 	fputs(USAGE_OPTIONS, out);
 	fputs(_(" -a, --active           active/inactive memory\n"), out);
@@ -158,13 +158,48 @@ static int format_1000(unsigned long long val64, char *restrict dst)
 
 static void new_header(void)
 {
-	printf
+	/* Translation Hint: Translating folloging header & fields
-	    ("procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu----\n");
+	 * that follow (marked with max x chars) might not work,
+	 * unless manual page is translated as well.  */
+	printf(_("procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu----\n"));
 	printf
 	    ("%2s %2s %6s %6s %6s %6s %4s %4s %5s %5s %4s %4s %2s %2s %2s %2s\n",
-	     "r", "b", "swpd", "free", a_option ? "inact" : "buff",
+	    /* Translation Hint: max 2 chars */
-	     a_option ? "active" : "cache", "si", "so", "bi", "bo", "in", "cs",
+	     _("r"),
-	     "us", "sy", "id", "wa");
+	    /* Translation Hint: max 2 chars */
+	     _("b"),
+	    /* Translation Hint: max 6 chars */
+	     _("swpd"),
+	    /* Translation Hint: max 6 chars */
+	     _("free"),
+	    /* Translation Hint: max 6 chars */
+	     a_option ? _("inact") :
+	    /* Translation Hint: max 6 chars */
+			_("buff"),
+	    /* Translation Hint: max 6 chars */
+	     a_option ? _("active") :
+	    /* Translation Hint: max 6 chars */
+			_("cache"),
+	    /* Translation Hint: max 4 chars */
+	     _("si"),
+	    /* Translation Hint: max 4 chars */
+	     _("so"),
+	    /* Translation Hint: max 5 chars */
+	     _("bi"),
+	    /* Translation Hint: max 5 chars */
+	     _("bo"),
+	    /* Translation Hint: max 4 chars */
+	     _("in"),
+	    /* Translation Hint: max 4 chars */
+	     _("cs"),
+	    /* Translation Hint: max 2 chars */
+	     _("us"),
+	    /* Translation Hint: max 2 chars */
+	     _("sy"),
+	    /* Translation Hint: max 2 chars */
+	     _("id"),
+	    /* Translation Hint: max 2 chars */
+	     _("wa"));
 }
 
 static unsigned long unitConvert(unsigned int size)
@@ -294,8 +329,23 @@ static void new_format(void)
 
 static void diskpartition_header(const char *partition_name)
 {
-	printf("%-10s %10s %10s %10s %10s\n", partition_name, _("reads  "),
+	printf("%-10s %10s %10s %10s %10s\n",
-	       _("read sectors"), _("writes   "), _("requested writes"));
+	       partition_name,
+       /* Translation Hint: Translating folloging disk partition
+	* header fields that follow (marked with max x chars) might
+	* not work, unless manual page is translated as well. */
+	       /* Translation Hint: max 10 chars. The word is
+	        * expected to be centralized, use spaces at the end
+	        * to do that. */
+	       _("reads  "),
+	       /* Translation Hint: max 10 chars */
+	       _("read sectors"),
+	       /* Translation Hint: max 10 chars. The word is
+	        * expected to be centralized, use spaces at the end
+	        * to do that. */
+	       _("writes   "),
+	       /* Translation Hint: max 10 chars */
+	       _("requested writes"));
 }
 
 static int diskpartition_format(const char *partition_name)
@@ -363,11 +413,32 @@ static int diskpartition_format(const char *partition_name)
 
 static void diskheader(void)
 {
+	/* Translation Hint: Translating folloging header & fields
+	 * that follow (marked with max x chars) might not work,
+	 * unless manual page is translated as well.  */
 	printf(_("disk- ------------reads------------ ------------writes----------- -----IO------\n"));
-
 	printf("%5s %6s %6s %7s %7s %6s %6s %7s %7s %6s %6s\n",
-	       " ", _("total"), _("merged"), _("sectors"), _("ms"), _("total"),
+	       " ",
-	       _("merged"), _("sectors"), _("ms"), _("cur"), _("sec"));
+	       /* Translation Hint: max 6 chars */
+	       _("total"),
+	       /* Translation Hint: max 6 chars */
+	       _("merged"),
+	       /* Translation Hint: max 7 chars */
+	       _("sectors"),
+	       /* Translation Hint: max 7 chars */
+	       _("ms"),
+	       /* Translation Hint: max 6 chars */
+	       _("total"),
+	       /* Translation Hint: max 6 chars */
+	       _("merged"),
+	       /* Translation Hint: max 7 chars */
+	       _("sectors"),
+	       /* Translation Hint: max 7 chars */
+	       _("ms"),
+	       /* Translation Hint: max 6 chars */
+	       _("cur"),
+	       /* Translation Hint: max 6 chars */
+	       _("sec"));
 }
 
 static void diskformat(void)
@@ -434,8 +505,20 @@ static void diskformat(void)
 
 static void slabheader(void)
 {
-	printf("%-24s %6s %6s %6s %6s\n", _("Cache"), _("Num"), _("Total"),
+	printf("%-24s %6s %6s %6s %6s\n",
-	       _("Size"), _("Pages"));
+	/* Translation Hint: Translating folloging slab fields that
+	 * follow (marked with max x chars) might not work, unless
+	 * manual page is translated as well.  */
+	       /* Translation Hint: max 24 chars */
+	       _("Cache"),
+	       /* Translation Hint: max 6 chars */
+	       _("Num"),
+	       /* Translation Hint: max 6 chars */
+	       _("Total"),
+	       /* Translation Hint: max 6 chars */
+	       _("Size"),
+	       /* Translation Hint: max 6 chars */
+	       _("Pages"));
 }
 
 static void slabformat(void)
@@ -680,8 +763,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 				break;
 			default:
 				errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
-				     _
+				     /* Translation Hint: do not change argument characters */
-				     ("-S requires k, K, m or M (default is kb)"));
+				     _("-S requires k, K, m or M (default is kb)"));
 			}
 			szDataUnit[0] = optarg[0];
 			break;

w.c

@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ static void __attribute__ ((__noreturn__))
 {
 	fputs(USAGE_HEADER, out);
 	fprintf(out,
-		" %s [options]\n", program_invocation_short_name);
+              _(" %s [options]\n"), program_invocation_short_name);
 	fputs(USAGE_OPTIONS, out);
 	fputs(_(" -h, --no-header     do not print header\n"), out);
 	fputs(_(" -u, --no-current    ignore current process username\n"), out);
@@ -422,13 +422,15 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if (header) {
 		/* print uptime and headers */
 		print_uptime();
-		printf("%-*s TTY      ", userlen, "USER");
+		/* Translation Hint: Following five uppercase messages are
+		 * headers. Try to keep alignment intact.  */
+		printf(_("%-*s TTY      "), userlen, _("USER"));
 		if (from)
-			printf("FROM            ");
+			printf(_("FROM            "));
 		if (longform)
-			printf("  LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT\n");
+			printf(_("  LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT\n"));
 		else
-			printf("   IDLE WHAT\n");
+			printf(_("   IDLE WHAT\n"));
 	}
 
 	utmpname(UTMP_FILE);

watch.c

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ static void __attribute__ ((__noreturn__))
 {
 	fputs(USAGE_HEADER, out);
 	fprintf(out,
-		" %s [options] command\n", program_invocation_short_name);
+              _(" %s [options] command\n"), program_invocation_short_name);
 	fputs(USAGE_OPTIONS, out);
 	fputs(_("  -b, --beep             beep if command has a non-zero exit\n"), out);
 	fputs(_("  -c, --color            interpret ANSI color sequences\n"), out);