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diff -Naur procps-2.0.6/ps/.cvsignore procps-2.0.7/ps/.cvsignore
--- procps-2.0.6/ps/.cvsignore Wed Dec 31 19:00:00 1969
+++ procps-2.0.7/ps/.cvsignore Fri Jul 14 16:45:01 2000
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Warning:
This code must corrctly handle lots of picky little details to meet
the Unix98 standard while simultaneously being as compatible as
possible with the original Linux ps. Don't "fix" something without
considering the impact on all the special-case code. For example,
the "tty" format _must_ use "TT" as the header, even though the SysV
output formats _must_ use "TTY".
File overview:
display.c main(), debug code, iterates over processes
escape.c Does stuff like \202 and &lt; to command and environment.
global.c Data + code to init it.
help.c Help message.
output.c Giant tables and lots of output functions.
parser.c Initial command parsing.
select.c want_this_proc() checks a process against flags & lists
sortformat.c Parses sort & format specifier lists. Picks output format.
stacktrace.c Debug code, not normally used.
../proc/* Library used to gather data.
regression Regression tests that ought to be run.
common.h Lots of interesting stuff.
Makefile Makefile
p Script used to test ps when the library is not installed.
utf Empty file used to test "ps ut?" unmangling behavior.
ps.1 Man page.
Compiling:
Whatever you do, don't trust the Makefiles. They are severely broken.
You can touch top.h and top won't be recompiled, or you can change
library files and discover that the library and programs won't be
recompiled.
Operation:
Unless the personality forces BSD parsing, parser.c tries to parse the
command line as a mixed BSD+SysV+Gnu mess. On failure, BSD parsing is
attempted. If BSD parsing fails _after_ SysV parsing has been attempted,
the error message comes from the original SysV parse.
Control goes to sortformat.c, which must pick apart ambiguous options
like "O". Failure can reset the whole program and set PER_FORCE_BSD,
which means a second trip through parser.c and sortformat.c.
The choice of output format happens in sortformat.c. There is a switch()
with all the valid format_flags combinations. The SysV and default
options are NULL (unless overridden by personality), which causes a
trip through SysV output format generation hackery. Note that the
default format always goes through there, even if it is for BSD.
Formats that came from the switch() (generally BSD, plus overrides)
get mangled a bit to support various SysV output modifiers.

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all: ps
ps: escape.o global.o help.o select.o sortformat.o output.o parser.o display.o
$(CC) -o ps escape.o global.o help.o select.o sortformat.o output.o parser.o display.o -L../proc -lproc
# This just adds the stacktrace code
debug: escape.o global.o help.o select.o sortformat.o output.o parser.o display.o stacktrace.o
$(CC) -o ps escape.o global.o help.o select.o sortformat.o output.o parser.o display.o stacktrace.o -L../proc -lproc -lefence
sortformat.o: sortformat.c common.h
global.o: global.c common.h
escape.o: escape.c
help.o: help.c
select.o: select.c common.h
output.o: output.c common.h
parser.o: parser.c common.h
display.o: display.c common.h
stacktrace.o: stacktrace.c
install: ps
install $(OWNERGROUP) --mode a=rx --strip ps $(BINDIR)/ps
install $(OWNERGROUP) --mode a=r ps.1 $(MAN1DIR)/ps.1
-rm -f $(DESTDIR)/var/catman/cat1/ps.1.gz $(DESTDIR)/var/man/cat1/ps.1.gz
clean:
rm -f *.o DEADJOE *~ core ps gmon.out

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Initially I only want to translate the --help output and man page.
Common error messages would be next on the list. I want to avoid
run-time overhead and bloat.
Translations of the --help output should not be longer than 22 lines long.
Feel free to leave out the less useful options to save space. (not even
the English help text has all the options)
I think these are the most important options:
*** selection ***
-C by command name list
-G by real group ID list (supports names)
-U by real user ID list (supports names)
-u by effective user ID list (supports names)
-e all processes
-p by process ID list
*** output ***
--no-heading No header line.
-o,o user-defined output
-j,j job control format
-l,l long format
-f full format
s signal format
u user-oriented format
--forest ASCII art forest (process heirarchy)
c show true command name

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/*
* Copyright 1998 by Albert Cahalan; all rights resered.
* This file may be used subject to the terms and conditions of the
* GNU Library General Public License Version 2, or any later version
* at your option, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU Library General Public License for more details.
*/
#ifndef PROCPS_PS_H
#define PROCPS_PS_H
#include "../proc/readproc.h"
#include <asm/page.h> /* looks safe for glibc, we need PAGE_SIZE */
#if 0
#define trace(args...) printf(## args)
#else
#define trace(args...)
#endif
/***************** GENERAL DEFINE ********************/
/* selection list */
#define SEL_RUID 1
#define SEL_EUID 2
#define SEL_SUID 3
#define SEL_FUID 4
#define SEL_RGID 5
#define SEL_EGID 6
#define SEL_SGID 7
#define SEL_FGID 8
#define SEL_PGRP 9
#define SEL_PID 10
#define SEL_TTY 11
#define SEL_SESS 12
#define SEL_COMM 13
/* Since an enum could be smashed by a #define, it would be bad. */
#define U98 0 /* Unix98 standard */ /* This must be 0 */
#define XXX 1 /* Common extension */
#define DEC 2 /* Digital Unix */
#define AIX 3 /* AIX */
#define SCO 4 /* SCO */
#define LNX 5 /* Linux original :-) */
#define BSD 6 /* FreeBSD and OpenBSD */
#define SUN 7 /* SunOS 5 (Solaris) */
#define HPU 8 /* HP-UX */
#define SGI 9 /* Irix */
#define SOE 10 /* IBM's S/390 OpenEdition */
/*
* Must not overflow the output buffer:
* 32 pages for env+cmd
* 8 kB pages on the Alpha
* 5 chars for "\001 "
* plus some slack for other stuff
* That is about 1.3 MB on the Alpha
*
* This isn't good enough for setuid. If anyone cares, mmap() over the
* last page with something unwriteable.
*/
/* maximum escape expansion is 6, for &quot; */
#define ESC_STRETCH 6
/* output buffer size */
#define OUTBUF_SIZE (32*PAGE_SIZE*ESC_STRETCH + 8*PAGE_SIZE)
/* spaces used to right-justify things */
#define SPACE_AMOUNT (int)(PAGE_SIZE)
/******************* PS DEFINE *******************/
/* personality control flags */
#define PER_BROKEN_o 0x0001
#define PER_BSD_h 0x0002
#define PER_BSD_m 0x0004
#define PER_CUMUL_MARKED 0x0008
#define PER_FORCE_BSD 0x0010
#define PER_GOOD_o 0x0020
#define PER_OLD_m 0x0040
#define PER_NO_DEFAULT_g 0x0080
#define PER_ZAP_ADDR 0x0100
#define PER_SANE_USER 0x0200
#define PER_IRIX_l 0x0400
/* Simple selections by bit mask */
#define SS_B_x 0x01
#define SS_B_g 0x02
#define SS_U_d 0x04
#define SS_U_a 0x08
#define SS_B_a 0x10
/* predefined format flags such as: -l -f l u s -j */
#define FF_Uf 0x0001 /* -f */
#define FF_Uj 0x0002 /* -j */
#define FF_Ul 0x0004 /* -l */
#define FF_Bj 0x0008 /* j */
#define FF_Bl 0x0010 /* l */
#define FF_Bs 0x0020 /* s */
#define FF_Bu 0x0040 /* u */
#define FF_Bv 0x0080 /* v */
#define FF_LX 0x0100 /* X */
#define FF_Lm 0x0200 /* m */ /* overloaded: threads, sort, format */
/* predefined format modifier flags such as: -l -f l u s -j */
#define FM_c 0x0001 /* -c */
#define FM_j 0x0002 /* -j */ /* only set when !sysv_j_format */
#define FM_y 0x0004 /* -y */
#define FM_L 0x0008 /* -L */
#define FM_P 0x0010 /* -P */
#define FM_M 0x0020 /* -M */
#define FM_T 0x0040 /* -T */
#define FM_F 0x0080 /* -F */ /* -F also sets the regular -f flags */
/* sorting & formatting */
/* U,B,G is Unix,BSD,Gnu and then there is the option itself */
#define SF_U_O 1
#define SF_U_o 2
#define SF_B_O 3
#define SF_B_o 4
#define SF_B_m 5 /* overloaded: threads, sort, format */
#define SF_G_sort 6
#define SF_G_format 7
/* headers */
#define HEAD_SINGLE 0 /* default, must be 0 */
#define HEAD_NONE 1
#define HEAD_MULTI 2
/********************** GENERAL TYPEDEF *******************/
/* Other fields that might be useful:
*
* char *name; user-defined column name (format specification)
* int reverse; sorting in reverse (sort specification)
*
* name in place of u
* reverse in place of n
*/
typedef union sel_union {
pid_t pid;
uid_t uid;
gid_t gid;
dev_t tty;
char cmd[8]; /* this is _not_ \0 terminated */
} sel_union;
typedef struct selection_node {
struct selection_node *next;
sel_union *u; /* used if selection type has a list of values */
int n; /* used if selection type has a list of values */
int typecode;
} selection_node;
typedef struct sort_node {
struct sort_node *next;
int (*sr)(const proc_t* P, const proc_t* Q); /* sort function */
int reverse; /* can sort backwards */
int typecode;
} sort_node;
typedef struct format_node {
struct format_node *next;
char *name; /* user can override default name */
int (*pr)(void); /* print function */
/* int (* const sr)(const proc_t* P, const proc_t* Q); */ /* sort function */
int width;
int pad;
int vendor; /* Vendor that invented this */
int flags;
int typecode;
} format_node;
typedef struct format_struct {
const char *spec; /* format specifier */
const char *head; /* default header in the POSIX locale */
int (* const pr)(void); /* print function */
int (* const sr)(const proc_t* P, const proc_t* Q); /* sort function */
const int width;
const int pad; /* could be second width */
const int vendor; /* Where does this come from? */
const int flags;
} format_struct;
/* though ps-specific, needed by general file */
typedef struct macro_struct {
const char *spec; /* format specifier */
const char *head; /* default header in the POSIX locale */
} macro_struct;
/**************** PS TYPEDEF ***********************/
typedef struct aix_struct {
const int desc; /* 1-character format code */
const char *spec; /* format specifier */
const char *head; /* default header in the POSIX locale */
} aix_struct;
typedef struct shortsort_struct {
const int desc; /* 1-character format code */
const char *spec; /* format specifier */
} shortsort_struct;
/* Save these options for later: -o o -O O --format --sort */
typedef struct sf_node {
struct sf_node *next; /* next arg */
format_node *f_cooked; /* convert each arg alone, then merge */
sort_node *s_cooked; /* convert each arg alone, then merge */
char *sf;
int sf_code;
} sf_node;
/*********************** GENERAL GLOBALS *************************/
/* escape.c */
extern int escape_strlist(char *dst, const char **src, size_t n);
extern int escape_str(char *dst, const char *src, size_t n);
extern int octal_escape_str(char *dst, const char *src, size_t n);
extern int simple_escape_str(char *dst, const char *src, size_t n);
/********************* UNDECIDED GLOBALS **************/
/*
* fputs(3) should (as in "good behavior") return the number of
* characters written as it does on Digital Unix, AIX, Irix, and SunOS.
* I'll assume glibc 2.1 has this extremely useful feature.
*
* Note: code ported from other systems will keep breaking until
* the library is updated. You should patch the library itself if
* at all possible. (for example, distributers who build libc from
* source with automatic patching as part of the build process)
*/
#if defined __GLIBC__ && ((__GLIBC__ == 2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__ > 2) || __GLIBC__ > 2)
#warning Hopefully fputs(3) has been modernized...
#else
#define EMULATE_FPUTS
#define fputs something_to_avoid_libc_troubles
static inline int fputs(const char *s, FILE *fp){
return fwrite(s,1,strlen(s),fp);
/* return fprintf(fp, "%s", s); */
}
#endif
/* output.c */
extern void show_one_proc(proc_t* p);
extern void print_format_specifiers(void);
extern const aix_struct *search_aix_array(const int findme);
extern const shortsort_struct *search_shortsort_array(const int findme);
extern const format_struct *search_format_array(const char *findme);
extern const macro_struct *search_macro_array(const char *findme);
extern void init_output(void);
/* global.c */
extern void reset_global(void);
/* global.c */
extern int all_processes;
extern char *bsd_j_format;
extern char *bsd_l_format;
extern char *bsd_s_format;
extern char *bsd_u_format;
extern char *bsd_v_format;
extern int bsd_c_option;
extern int bsd_e_option;
extern uid_t cached_euid;
extern dev_t cached_tty;
extern char forest_prefix[4 * 32*1024 + 100];
extern int forest_type;
extern unsigned format_flags; /* -l -f l u s -j... */
extern format_node *format_list; /* digested formatting options */
extern unsigned format_modifiers; /* -c -j -y -P -L... */
extern int header_gap;
extern int header_type; /* none, single, multi... */
extern int include_dead_children;
extern int lines_to_next_header;
extern int max_line_width;
extern const char *namelist_file;
extern int negate_selection;
extern unsigned personality;
extern int prefer_bsd_defaults;
extern int running_only;
extern int screen_cols;
extern int screen_rows;
extern unsigned long seconds_since_boot;
extern selection_node *selection_list;
extern unsigned simple_select;
extern sort_node *sort_list;
extern char *sysv_f_format;
extern char *sysv_fl_format;
extern char *sysv_j_format;
extern char *sysv_l_format;
extern int unix_f_option;
extern int user_is_number;
extern int wchan_is_number;
/************************* PS GLOBALS *********************/
/* sortformat.c */
extern int defer_sf_option(const char *arg, int source);
extern const char *process_sf_options(int localbroken);
extern void reset_sortformat(void);
/* select.c */
extern int want_this_proc(proc_t *buf);
extern const char *select_bits_setup(void);
/* help.c */
extern const char *help_message;
/* global.c */
extern void self_info(void);
/* parser.c */
extern int arg_parse(int argc, char *argv[]);
#endif

398
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/*
* Copyright 1998 by Albert Cahalan; all rights resered.
* This file may be used subject to the terms and conditions of the
* GNU Library General Public License Version 2, or any later version
* at your option, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU Library General Public License for more details.
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
/* username lookups */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <grp.h>
/* major/minor number */
#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
#include <signal.h> /* catch signals */
#include "common.h"
#include "../proc/procps.h"
#include "../proc/version.h"
#include "../proc/readproc.h"
#include "../proc/sysinfo.h"
#ifndef SIGCHLD
#define SIGCHLD SIGCLD
#endif
/* just reports a crash */
static void signal_handler(int signo){
if(signo==SIGPIPE) _exit(0); /* "ps | head" will cause this */
/* fprintf() is not reentrant, but we _exit() anyway */
fprintf(stderr,
"\n\n"
"Signal %d caught by ps (%s).\n"
"Please send bug reports to <acahalan@cs.uml.edu>\n",
signo,
procps_version
);
_exit(signo+128);
}
#undef DEBUG
#ifdef DEBUG
void init_stack_trace(char *prog_name);
#include <ctype.h>
void hex_dump(void *vp){
char *charlist;
int i = 0;
int line = 45;
char *cp = (char *)vp;
while(line--){
printf("%8lx ", (unsigned long)cp);
charlist = cp;
cp += 16;
for(i=0; i<16; i++){
if((charlist[i]>31) && (charlist[i]<127)){
printf("%c", charlist[i]);
}else{
printf(".");
}
}
printf(" ");
for(i=0; i<16; i++) printf(" %2x",(unsigned int)((unsigned char)(charlist[i])));
printf("\n");
i=0;
}
}
static void show_pid(char *s, int n, sel_union *data){
printf("%s ", s);
while(--n){
printf("%d,", data[n].pid);
}
printf("%d\n", data[0].pid);
}
static void show_uid(char *s, int n, sel_union *data){
struct passwd *pw_data;
printf("%s ", s);
while(--n){
pw_data = getpwuid(data[n].uid);
if(pw_data) printf("%s,", pw_data->pw_name);
else printf("%d,", data[n].uid);
}
pw_data = getpwuid(data[n].uid);
if(pw_data) printf("%s\n", pw_data->pw_name);
else printf("%d\n", data[n].uid);
}
static void show_gid(char *s, int n, sel_union *data){
struct group *gr_data;
printf("%s ", s);
while(--n){
gr_data = getgrgid(data[n].gid);
if(gr_data) printf("%s,", gr_data->gr_name);
else printf("%d,", data[n].gid);
}
gr_data = getgrgid(data[n].gid);
if(gr_data) printf("%s\n", gr_data->gr_name);
else printf("%d\n", data[n].gid);
}
static void show_tty(char *s, int n, sel_union *data){
printf("%s ", s);
while(--n){
printf("%d:%d,", (int)major(data[n].tty), (int)minor(data[n].tty));
}
printf("%d:%d\n", (int)major(data[n].tty), (int)minor(data[n].tty));
}
static void show_cmd(char *s, int n, sel_union *data){
printf("%s ", s);
while(--n){
printf("%.8s,", data[n].cmd);
}
printf("%.8s\n", data[0].cmd);
}
static void arg_show(void){
selection_node *walk = selection_list;
while(walk){
switch(walk->typecode){
case SEL_RUID: show_uid("RUID", walk->n, walk->u); break;
case SEL_EUID: show_uid("EUID", walk->n, walk->u); break;
case SEL_SUID: show_uid("SUID", walk->n, walk->u); break;
case SEL_FUID: show_uid("FUID", walk->n, walk->u); break;
case SEL_RGID: show_gid("RGID", walk->n, walk->u); break;
case SEL_EGID: show_gid("EGID", walk->n, walk->u); break;
case SEL_SGID: show_gid("SGID", walk->n, walk->u); break;
case SEL_FGID: show_gid("FGID", walk->n, walk->u); break;
case SEL_PGRP: show_pid("PGRP", walk->n, walk->u); break;
case SEL_PID : show_pid("PID ", walk->n, walk->u); break;
case SEL_TTY : show_tty("TTY ", walk->n, walk->u); break;
case SEL_SESS: show_pid("SESS", walk->n, walk->u); break;
case SEL_COMM: show_cmd("COMM", walk->n, walk->u); break;
default: printf("Garbage typecode value!\n");
}
walk = walk->next;
}
}
#endif
/***** check the header */
/* Unix98: must not print empty header */
static void check_headers(void){
format_node *walk = format_list;
int head_normal = 0;
if(header_type==HEAD_MULTI){
header_gap = screen_rows-1; /* true BSD */
return;
}
if(header_type==HEAD_NONE){
lines_to_next_header = -1; /* old Linux */
return;
}
while(walk){
if(!*(walk->name)){
walk = walk->next;
continue;
}
if(walk->pr){
head_normal++;
walk = walk->next;
continue;
}
walk = walk->next;
}
if(!head_normal) lines_to_next_header = -1; /* how UNIX does --noheader */
}
/***** fill in %CPU; not in libproc because of include_dead_children */
static void fill_pcpu(proc_t *buf){
unsigned long total_time;
unsigned long pcpu = 0;
unsigned long seconds;
total_time = buf->utime + buf->stime;
if(include_dead_children) total_time += (buf->cutime + buf->cstime);
seconds = (seconds_since_boot - ((unsigned long)buf->start_time) / Hertz);
if(seconds) pcpu = (total_time * 1000ULL / Hertz) / seconds;
buf->pcpu = (pcpu > 999) ? 999 : pcpu;
}
/***** just display */
static void simple_spew(void){
proc_t buf;
PROCTAB* ptp;
ptp = openproc(PROC_FILLBUG);
if(!ptp) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: can not access /proc.\n");
exit(1);
}
memset(&buf, '#', sizeof(proc_t));
/* use "ps_" prefix to catch library mismatch */
while(ps_readproc(ptp,&buf)){
fill_pcpu(&buf);
if(want_this_proc(&buf)) show_one_proc(&buf);
/* if(buf.cmdline) free(buf.cmdline); */ /* these crash */
/* if(buf.environ) free(buf.environ); */
memset(&buf, '#', sizeof(proc_t));
}
closeproc(ptp);
}
/***** forest output requires sorting by ppid; add start_time by default */
static void prep_forest_sort(void){
sort_node *tmp_list = sort_list;
const format_struct *incoming;
if(!sort_list) { /* assume start time order */
incoming = search_format_array("start_time");
if(!incoming) fprintf(stderr, "Could not find start_time!\n");
tmp_list = malloc(sizeof(sort_node));
tmp_list->reverse = 0;
tmp_list->typecode = '?'; /* what was this for? */
tmp_list->sr = incoming->sr;
tmp_list->next = sort_list;
sort_list = tmp_list;
}
/* this is required for the forest option */
incoming = search_format_array("ppid");
if(!incoming) fprintf(stderr, "Could not find ppid!\n");
tmp_list = malloc(sizeof(sort_node));
tmp_list->reverse = 0;
tmp_list->typecode = '?'; /* what was this for? */
tmp_list->sr = incoming->sr;
tmp_list->next = sort_list;
sort_list = tmp_list;
}
/* we rely on the POSIX requirement for zeroed memory */
static proc_t *processes[32*1024];
/***** compare function for qsort */
static int compare_two_procs(const void *a, const void *b){
sort_node *tmp_list = sort_list;
while(tmp_list){
int result;
result = (*tmp_list->sr)(*(const proc_t **)a, *(const proc_t **)b);
if(result) return (tmp_list->reverse) ? -result : result;
tmp_list = tmp_list->next;
}
return 0; /* no conclusion */
}
/***** show pre-sorted array of process pointers */
static void show_proc_array(int n){
proc_t **p = processes;
while(n--){
show_one_proc(*p);
/* if(p->cmdline) free(p->cmdline); */ /* this crashes */
/* if(p->environ) free(p->environ); */ /* this crashes */
/* memset(*p, '%', sizeof(proc_t)); */ /* debug */
free(*p);
p++;
}
}
/***** show tree */
/* this needs some optimization work */
#define ADOPTED(x) 1
static void show_tree(const int self, const int n, const int level, const int have_sibling){
int i = 0;
if(level){
/* add prefix of "+" or "L" */
if(have_sibling) forest_prefix[level-1] = '+';
else forest_prefix[level-1] = 'L';
forest_prefix[level] = '\0';
}
show_one_proc(processes[self]); /* first show self */
/* if(p->cmdline) free(p->cmdline); */ /* this crashes */
/* if(p->environ) free(p->environ); */ /* this crashes */
/* memset(*p, '%', sizeof(proc_t)); */ /* debug */
for(;;){ /* look for children */
if(i >= n) return; /* no children */
if(processes[i]->ppid == processes[self]->pid) break;
i++;
}
if(level){
/* change our prefix to "|" or " " for the children */
if(have_sibling) forest_prefix[level-1] = '|';
else forest_prefix[level-1] = ' ';
forest_prefix[level] = '\0';
}
for(;;){
int self_pid;
int more_children = 1;
if(i >= n) break; /* over the edge */
self_pid=processes[self]->pid;
if(i+1 >= n)
more_children = 0;
else
if(processes[i+1]->ppid != self_pid) more_children = 0;
if(self_pid==1 && ADOPTED(processes[i]) && forest_type!='u')
show_tree(i++, n, level, more_children);
else
show_tree(i++, n, level+1, more_children);
if(!more_children) break;
}
/* chop prefix that children added -- do we need this? */
forest_prefix[level] = '\0';
}
/***** show forest */
static void show_forest(const int n){
int i = n;
int j;
while(i--){ /* cover whole array looking for trees */
j = n;
while(j--){ /* search for parent: if none, i is a tree! */
if(processes[j]->pid == processes[i]->ppid) goto not_root;
}
show_tree(i,n,0,0);
not_root:
}
/* don't free the array because it takes time and ps will exit anyway */
}
/***** sorted or forest */
static void fancy_spew(void){
proc_t *retbuf;
PROCTAB* ptp;
int n = 0; /* number of processes & index into array */
ptp = openproc(PROC_FILLBUG);
if(!ptp) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: can not access /proc.\n");
exit(1);
}
while((retbuf = ps_readproc(ptp,NULL))){
fill_pcpu(retbuf);
if(want_this_proc(retbuf)) processes[n++] = retbuf;
else free(retbuf);
}
closeproc(ptp);
if(!n) return; /* no processes */
if(forest_type) prep_forest_sort();
qsort(processes, n, sizeof(proc_t*), compare_two_procs);
if(forest_type) show_forest(n);
else show_proc_array(n);
}
/***** no comment */
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
#ifdef DEBUG
init_stack_trace(argv[0]);
#else
do {
struct sigaction sa;
int i = 32;
memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
sa.sa_handler = signal_handler;
sigfillset(&sa.sa_mask);
while(i--) switch(i){
default:
sigaction(i,&sa,NULL);
case 0:
case SIGINT: /* ^C */
case SIGQUIT: /* ^\ */
case SIGPROF: /* profiling */
case SIGKILL: /* can not catch */
case SIGSTOP: /* can not catch */
case SIGWINCH: /* don't care if window size changes */
}
} while (0);
#endif
reset_global(); /* must be before parser */
arg_parse(argc,argv);
/* arg_show(); */
trace("screen is %ux%u\n",screen_cols,screen_rows);
/* printf("sizeof(proc_t) is %d.\n", sizeof(proc_t)); */
trace("======= ps output follows =======\n");
init_output(); /* must be between parser and output */
check_headers();
if (open_psdb(namelist_file)) wchan_is_number = 1;
if(forest_type || sort_list) fancy_spew(); /* sort or forest */
else simple_spew(); /* no sort, no forest */
show_one_proc((proc_t *)-1); /* no output yet? */
return 0;
}

106
ps/escape.c Normal file
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/*
* Copyright 1998 by Albert Cahalan; all rights resered.
* This file may be used subject to the terms and conditions of the
* GNU Library General Public License Version 2, or any later version
* at your option, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU Library General Public License for more details.
*/
#include <sys/types.h>
/* sanitize a string, without the nice BSD library function: */
/* strvis(vis_args, k->ki_args, VIS_TAB | VIS_NL | VIS_NOSLASH) */
int octal_escape_str(char *dst, const char *src, size_t n){
unsigned char c;
char d;
size_t i;
const char *codes =
"Z------abtnvfr-------------e----"
" *******************************" /* better: do not print any space */
"****************************\\***"
"*******************************-"
"--------------------------------"
"********************************"
"********************************"
"********************************";
for(i=0; i<n;){
c = (unsigned char) *(src++);
d = codes[c];
switch(d){
case 'Z':
goto leave;
case '*':
i++;
*(dst++) = c;
break;
case '-':
if(i+4 > n) goto leave;
i += 4;
*(dst++) = '\\';
*(dst++) = "01234567"[c>>6];
*(dst++) = "01234567"[(c>>3)&07];
*(dst++) = "01234567"[c&07];
break;
default:
if(i+2 > n) goto leave;
i += 2;
*(dst++) = '\\';
*(dst++) = d;
break;
}
}
leave:
*(dst++) = '\0';
return i;
}
/* sanitize a string via one-way mangle */
int simple_escape_str(char *dst, const char *src, size_t n){
unsigned char c;
size_t i;
const char *codes =
"Z-------------------------------"
"********************************"
"********************************"
"*******************************-"
"--------------------------------"
"********************************"
"********************************"
"********************************";
for(i=0; i<n;){
c = (unsigned char) *(src++);
switch(codes[c]){
case 'Z':
goto leave;
case '*':
i++;
*(dst++) = c;
break;
case '-':
i++;
*(dst++) = '?';
break;
}
}
leave:
*(dst++) = '\0';
return i;
}
/* escape a string as desired */
int escape_str(char *dst, const char *src, size_t n){
return simple_escape_str(dst, src, n);
}
/* escape an argv or environment string array */
int escape_strlist(char *dst, const char **src, size_t n){
size_t i = 0;
while(*src){
i += simple_escape_str(dst+i, *src, n-i);
if((n-i > 1) && (*(src+1))) dst[i++] = ' ';
src++;
}
return i;
}

422
ps/global.c Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
/*
* Copyright 1998 by Albert Cahalan; all rights resered.
* This file may be used subject to the terms and conditions of the
* GNU Library General Public License Version 2, or any later version
* at your option, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU Library General Public License for more details.
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <string.h>
/*#undef __GLIBC_MINOR__
#define __GLIBC_MINOR__ 1 */
#include "common.h"
/*#undef __GLIBC_MINOR__
#define __GLIBC_MINOR__ 0 */
#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
#include "../proc/version.h"
#include "../proc/sysinfo.h"
#ifndef __GNU_LIBRARY__
#define __GNU_LIBRARY__ -1
#endif
#ifndef __GLIBC__
#define __GLIBC__ -1
#endif
#ifndef __GLIBC_MINOR__
#define __GLIBC_MINOR__ -1
#endif
static char *saved_personality_text = "You found a bug!";
int all_processes = -1;
char *bsd_j_format = (char *)0xdeadbeef;
char *bsd_l_format = (char *)0xdeadbeef;
char *bsd_s_format = (char *)0xdeadbeef;
char *bsd_u_format = (char *)0xdeadbeef;
char *bsd_v_format = (char *)0xdeadbeef;
int bsd_c_option = -1;
int bsd_e_option = -1;
uid_t cached_euid = -1;
dev_t cached_tty = -1;
char forest_prefix[4 * 32*1024 + 100];
int forest_type = -1;
unsigned format_flags = 0xffffffff; /* -l -f l u s -j... */
format_node *format_list = (format_node *)0xdeadbeef; /* digested formatting options */
unsigned format_modifiers = 0xffffffff; /* -c -j -y -P -L... */
int header_gap = -1;
int header_type = -1;
int include_dead_children = -1;
int lines_to_next_header = -1;
const char *namelist_file = (const char *)0xdeadbeef;
int negate_selection = -1;
int running_only = -1;
unsigned personality = 0xffffffff;
int prefer_bsd_defaults = -1;
int screen_cols = -1;
int screen_rows = -1;
unsigned long seconds_since_boot = -1;
selection_node *selection_list = (selection_node *)0xdeadbeef;
unsigned simple_select = 0xffffffff;
sort_node *sort_list = (sort_node *)0xdeadbeef; /* ready-to-use sort list */
char *sysv_f_format = (char *)0xdeadbeef;
char *sysv_fl_format = (char *)0xdeadbeef;
char *sysv_j_format = (char *)0xdeadbeef;
char *sysv_l_format = (char *)0xdeadbeef;
int unix_f_option = -1;
int user_is_number = -1;
int wchan_is_number = -1;
static void reset_selection_list(void){
selection_node *old;
selection_node *walk = selection_list;
if(selection_list == (selection_node *)0xdeadbeef){
selection_list = NULL;
return;
}
while(walk){
old = walk;
walk = old->next;
free(old->u);
free(old);
}
selection_list = NULL;
}
/* The rules:
* 1. Defaults are implementation-specific. (ioctl,termcap,guess)
* 2. COLUMNS and LINES override the defaults. (standards compliance)
* 3. Command line options override everything else.
* 4. Actual output may be more if the above is too narrow.
*/
static void set_screen_size(void){
struct winsize ws;
char *columns; /* Unix98 environment variable */
char *lines; /* Unix98 environment variable */
if(ioctl(1, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) != -1 && ws.ws_col>0 && ws.ws_row>0){
screen_cols = ws.ws_col;
screen_rows = ws.ws_row;
}else{ /* TODO: ought to do tgetnum("co") and tgetnum("li") now */
screen_cols = 80;
screen_rows = 24;
}
if(!isatty(STDOUT_FILENO)) screen_cols = OUTBUF_SIZE;
columns = getenv("COLUMNS");
if(columns && *columns){
long t;
char *endptr;
t = strtol(columns, &endptr, 0);
if(!*endptr && (t>0) && (t<(long)OUTBUF_SIZE)) screen_cols = (int)t;
}
lines = getenv("LINES");
if(lines && *lines){
long t;
char *endptr;
t = strtol(lines, &endptr, 0);
if(!*endptr && (t>0) && (t<(long)OUTBUF_SIZE)) screen_rows = (int)t;
}
if((screen_cols<9) || (screen_rows<2))
fprintf(stderr,"Your %dx%d screen size is bogus. Expect trouble.\n",
screen_cols, screen_rows
);
}
/**************** personality control **************/
typedef struct personality_table_struct {
const char *name; /* personality name */
const void *jump; /* See gcc extension info. :-) */
} personality_table_struct;
static int compare_personality_table_structs(const void *a, const void *b){
return strcasecmp(((personality_table_struct*)a)->name,((personality_table_struct*)b)->name);
}
static const char *set_personality(void){
char *s;
size_t sl;
char buf[16];
personality_table_struct findme = { buf, NULL};
personality_table_struct *found;
static const personality_table_struct personality_table[] = {
{"390", &&case_390},
{"aix", &&case_aix},
{"bsd", &&case_bsd},
{"compaq", &&case_compaq},
{"debian", &&case_debian},
{"default", &&case_default},
{"digital", &&case_digital},
{"gnu", &&case_gnu},
{"hp", &&case_hp},
{"hpux", &&case_hpux},
{"irix", &&case_irix},
{"linux", &&case_linux},
{"old", &&case_old},
{"os390", &&case_os390},
{"posix", &&case_posix},
{"s390", &&case_s390},
{"sco", &&case_sco},
{"sgi", &&case_sgi},
{"solaris2", &&case_solaris2},
{"sunos4", &&case_sunos4},
{"sysv", &&case_sysv},
{"tru64", &&case_tru64},
{"unix", &&case_unix},
{"unix95", &&case_unix95},
{"unix98", &&case_unix98},
{"unknown", &&case_unknown}
};
const int personality_table_count = sizeof(personality_table)/sizeof(personality_table_struct);
personality = 0;
prefer_bsd_defaults = 0;
bsd_j_format = "OL_j";
bsd_l_format = "OL_l";
bsd_s_format = "OL_s";
bsd_u_format = "OL_u";
bsd_v_format = "OL_v";
/* When these are NULL, the code does SysV output modifier logic */
sysv_f_format = NULL;
sysv_fl_format = NULL;
sysv_j_format = NULL;
sysv_l_format = NULL;
s = getenv("PS_PERSONALITY");
if(!s || !*s) s = getenv("CMD_ENV");
if(!s || !*s) s="unknown"; /* "Do The Right Thing[tm]" */
if(getenv("I_WANT_A_BROKEN_PS")) s="old";
sl = strlen(s);
if(sl > 15) return "Environment specified an unknown personality.";
strncpy(buf, s, sl);
buf[sl] = '\0';
saved_personality_text = strdup(buf);
found = bsearch(&findme, personality_table, personality_table_count,
sizeof(personality_table_struct), compare_personality_table_structs
);
if(!found) return "Environment specified an unknown personality.";
goto *(found->jump); /* See gcc extension info. :-) */
case_bsd:
personality = PER_FORCE_BSD | PER_BSD_h | PER_BSD_m;
prefer_bsd_defaults = 1;
bsd_j_format = "FB_j";
bsd_l_format = "FB_l";
/* bsd_s_format not used */
bsd_u_format = "FB_u";
bsd_v_format = "FB_v";
return NULL;
case_old:
personality = PER_FORCE_BSD | PER_OLD_m;
prefer_bsd_defaults = 1;
return NULL;
case_debian: /* Toss this? They don't seem to care much. */
case_gnu:
personality = PER_GOOD_o | PER_CUMUL_MARKED | PER_OLD_m;
prefer_bsd_defaults = 1;
sysv_f_format = "RD_f";
/* sysv_fl_format = "RD_fl"; */ /* Debian can't do this! */
sysv_j_format = "RD_j";
sysv_l_format = "RD_l";
return NULL;
case_linux:
personality = PER_GOOD_o | PER_ZAP_ADDR | PER_SANE_USER;
return NULL;
case_default: /* use defaults for ps, ignoring other environment variables */
return NULL;
case_unknown: /* defaults, but also check inferior environment variables */
if(
getenv("UNIX95") /* Irix */
|| getenv("POSIXLY_CORRECT") /* most gnu stuff */
|| (getenv("POSIX2") && !strcmp(getenv("POSIX2"), "on")) /* Unixware 7 */
) personality = PER_BROKEN_o;
return NULL;
case_aix:
bsd_j_format = "FB_j";
bsd_l_format = "FB_l";
/* bsd_s_format not used */
bsd_u_format = "FB_u";
bsd_v_format = "FB_v";
return NULL;
case_tru64:
case_compaq:
case_digital:
personality = PER_GOOD_o | PER_BSD_h;
prefer_bsd_defaults = 1;
sysv_f_format = "F5FMT";
sysv_fl_format = "FL5FMT";
sysv_j_format = "JFMT";
sysv_l_format = "L5FMT";
bsd_j_format = "JFMT";
bsd_l_format = "LFMT";
bsd_s_format = "SFMT";
bsd_u_format = "UFMT";
bsd_v_format = "VFMT";
return NULL;
case_sunos4:
personality = PER_NO_DEFAULT_g;
prefer_bsd_defaults = 1;
bsd_j_format = "FB_j";
bsd_l_format = "FB_l";
/* bsd_s_format not used */
bsd_u_format = "FB_u";
bsd_v_format = "FB_v";
return NULL;
case_irix:
case_sgi:
s = getenv("_XPG");
if(s && s[0]>'0' && s[0]<='9') personality = PER_BROKEN_o;
else personality = PER_IRIX_l;
return NULL;
case_os390: /* IBM's OS/390 OpenEdition on the S/390 mainframe */
case_s390:
case_390:
sysv_j_format = "J390"; /* don't know what -jl and -jf do */
return NULL;
case_hp:
case_hpux:
case_posix:
case_sco:
case_solaris2:
case_sysv:
case_unix95:
case_unix98:
case_unix:
personality = PER_BROKEN_o;
return NULL;
}
/************ Call this to reinitialize everything ***************/
void reset_global(void){
static proc_t p;
reset_selection_list();
look_up_our_self(&p);
set_screen_size();
set_personality();
all_processes = 0;
bsd_c_option = 0;
bsd_e_option = 0;
cached_euid = geteuid();
cached_tty = p.tty;
/* forest_prefix must be all zero because of POSIX */
forest_type = 0;
format_flags = 0; /* -l -f l u s -j... */
format_list = NULL; /* digested formatting options */
format_modifiers = 0; /* -c -j -y -P -L... */
header_gap = -1; /* send lines_to_next_header to -infinity */
header_type = HEAD_SINGLE;
include_dead_children = 0;
lines_to_next_header = 1;
namelist_file = NULL;
negate_selection = 0;
running_only = 0;
seconds_since_boot = uptime(0,0);
selection_list = NULL;
simple_select = 0;
sort_list = NULL;
unix_f_option = 0;
user_is_number = 0;
wchan_is_number = 0;
}
/*********** spew variables ***********/
void self_info(void){
#ifndef EMULATE_FPUTS
int count;
#endif
fprintf(stderr,
"BSD j %s\n"
"BSD l %s\n"
"BSD s %s\n"
"BSD u %s\n"
"BSD v %s\n"
"SysV -f %s\n"
"SysV -fl %s\n"
"SysV -j %s\n"
"SysV -l %s\n"
"\n",
bsd_j_format ? bsd_j_format : "(none)",
bsd_l_format ? bsd_l_format : "(none)",
bsd_s_format ? bsd_s_format : "(none)",
bsd_u_format ? bsd_u_format : "(none)",
bsd_v_format ? bsd_v_format : "(none)",
sysv_f_format ? sysv_f_format : "(none)",
sysv_fl_format ? sysv_fl_format : "(none)",
sysv_j_format ? sysv_j_format : "(none)",
sysv_l_format ? sysv_l_format : "(none)"
);
display_version();
fprintf(stderr, "Linux version %d.%d.%d\n",
LINUX_VERSION_MAJOR(linux_version_code),
LINUX_VERSION_MINOR(linux_version_code),
LINUX_VERSION_PATCH(linux_version_code)
);
/* __libc_print_version(); */ /* how can we get the run-time version? */
fprintf(stderr, "Compiled with: libc %d, internal version %d.%d\n\n",
__GNU_LIBRARY__, __GLIBC__, __GLIBC_MINOR__
);
#ifdef EMULATE_FPUTS
fprintf(stderr, "libc assumed lame, using fprintf to emulate fputs.\n\n");
#else
fprintf(stderr, "fputs(\"");
count = fputs("123456789", stderr);
fprintf(stderr, "\", stderr) gives %d, which is %s.\n",
count, count==9?"good":"BAD!\nAdjust ps/common.h or libc, then recompile"
);
if(count!=9){
fprintf(stderr, "(procps includes a libc patch called glibc.patch)\n");
}
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
#endif
fprintf(stderr,
"header_gap=%d lines_to_next_header=%d\n"
"screen_cols=%d screen_rows=%d\n"
"\n",
header_gap, lines_to_next_header,
screen_cols, screen_rows
);
/* open_psdb(namelist_file); */
fprintf(stderr,
"personality=0x%08x (from \"%s\")\n"
"EUID=%d TTY=%d,%d Hertz=%ld\n"
/* "namelist_file=\"%s\"\n" */
,
personality, saved_personality_text,
cached_euid, (int)major(cached_tty), (int)minor(cached_tty), Hertz /* ,
namelist_file?namelist_file:"<no System.map file>" */
);
}

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/*
* Copyright 1998 by Albert Cahalan; all rights reserved.
* This file may be used subject to the terms and conditions of the
* GNU Library General Public License Version 2, or any later version
* at your option, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU Library General Public License for more details.
*/
/*
* The help message must not become longer, because it must fit
* on an 80x24 screen _with_ the error message and command prompt.
*/
const char *help_message =
"********* simple selection ********* ********* selection by list *********\n"
"-A all processes -C by command name\n"
"-N negate selection -G by real group ID (supports names)\n"
"-a all w/ tty except session leaders -U by real user ID (supports names)\n"
"-d all except session leaders -g by session leader OR by group name\n"
"-e all processes -p by process ID\n"
"T all processes on this terminal -s processes in the sessions given\n"
"a all w/ tty, including other users -t by tty\n"
"g all, even group leaders! -u by effective user ID (supports names)\n"
"r only running processes U processes for specified users\n"
"x processes w/o controlling ttys t by tty\n"
"*********** output format ********** *********** long options ***********\n"
"-o,o user-defined -f full --Group --User --pid --cols\n"
"-j,j job control s signal --group --user --sid --rows\n"
"-O,O preloaded -o v virtual memory --cumulative --format --deselect\n"
"-l,l long u user-oriented --sort --tty --forest --version\n"
" X registers --heading --no-heading\n"
" ********* misc options *********\n"
"-V,V show version L list format codes f ASCII art forest\n"
"-m,m show threads S children in sum -y change -l format\n"
"-n,N set namelist file c true command name n numeric WCHAN,UID\n"
"-w,w wide output e show environment -H process heirarchy\n"
;
/* Missing:
*
* -c -L -P -M --info
*
*/

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From ddainese@dsi.unive.it Sun Apr 18 14:12:27 1999
here is a first translation of the text:
---------------------------------------------------------------------
const char *help_message =
"****** seleziona i processi ******* * seleziona una lista specificando: *\n"
"-A tutti -C il nome del comando\n"
"-N nega la selezione -G il real group ID (supporta i nomi)\n"
"-a con tty, tranne i session leader -U il real user ID (supporta i nomi)\n"
"-d tutti, tranne i session leader -g il session leader OPPURE il gruppo\n"
"-e tutti -p l'ID del processo\n"
"T su questo terminale -s la sessione\n"
"a con tty, di tutti gli utenti -t il tty\n"
"g tutti, anche i leader di gruppo -u l'effective user ID (supporta i nomi)\n"
"r in stato running U una lista di utenti\n"
"x senza tty t il tty\n"
"******** formato dell'output ****** ********** opzioni lunghe **********\n"
"-o,o definito dall'utente --Group --User --pid --cols\n"
"-j,j job s segnali --group --user --sid --rows\n"
"-O,O -o preimpostato v memoria virtuale --cumulative --format --deselect\n"
"-l,l lungo u utenti --sort --tty --forest --version\n"
"-f completo X registri --heading --no-heading\n"
" ******** opzioni varie *********\n"
"-V,V versione L codici di formato f foresta di ASCII\n"
"-m,m vista ad albero S figli in sum -y cambia il formato -l\n"
"-n,N namelist file c nome reale del comando n WCHAN,UID numerici\n"
"-w,w output ampio e mostra l'environment -H gerarchia dei processi\n"
;
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Unfortunately it isn't really understandable for a newbie, because
there is too little space for a good translation; to make it more
meaningful, I would need about an entire line for every option, thus
if you really want the help text stays under 22 lines, it must
contains only 22 options. What do you think about it?

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#!/bin/sh
#
# Wow, using $* causes great pain with: ps "pid,user pcpu,pmem"
# The "$@" won't break that into 2 arguments.
#
LD_PRELOAD=../proc/libproc.so exec ./ps "$@"

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.\" Man page for ps.
.\" Quick hack conversion by Albert Cahalan, 1998.
.\" Licensed under version 2 of the Gnu General Public License.
.\"
.\" This man page is a horrid hack because *roff sucks.
.\" The whole system is way obsolete. The internal header
.\" stuff must die, and will when I figure out how to kill it.
.\" I've already killed the wasteful left margin and screwy
.\" old perfect justification. Gross! You'd think someone
.\" invented this crap in 1973. Oh yeah, they did. Sorry.
.\"
.TH PS 1 "July 5, 1998" "Linux" "Linux User's Manual"
.SH \fRNAME\fR
ps \- report process status
.ad r
.na
.ss 12 0
.in 0
.nh
.nf
SYNOPSIS
ps [options]
DESCRIPTION
ps gives a snapshot of the current processes. If you want
a repetitive update of this status, use top. This man
page documents the /proc-based version of ps, or tries to.
COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS
This version of ps accepts several kinds of options.
Unix options may be grouped and must be preceeded by a dash.
BSD options may be grouped and must not be used with a dash.
Gnu long options are preceeded by two dashes.
Options of different types may be freely mixed.
Set the I_WANT_A_BROKEN_PS environment variable to force BSD syntax even
when options are preceeded by a dash. The PS_PERSONALITY environment
variable (described below) provides more detailed control of ps behavior.
SIMPLE PROCESS SELECTION
-A select all processes
-N negate selection
-a select all with a tty except session leaders
-d select all, but omit session leaders
-e select all processes
T select all processes on this terminal
a select all processes on a terminal, including those of other users
g really all, even group leaders (does nothing w/o SunOS settings)
r restrict output to running processes
x select processes without controlling ttys
--deselect negate selection
PROCESS SELECTION BY LIST
-C select by command name
-G select by RGID (supports names)
-U select by RUID (supports names)
-g select by session leader OR by group name
-p select by PID
-s select processes belonging to the sessions given
-t select by tty
-u select by effective user ID (supports names)
U select processes for specified users
p select by process ID
t select by tty
--Group select by real group name or ID
--User select by real user name or ID
--group select by effective group name or ID
--pid select by process ID
--sid select by session ID
--tty select by terminal
--user select by effective user name or ID
-123 implied --sid
123 implied --pid
OUTPUT FORMAT CONTROL
-O is preloaded "-o"
-c different scheduler info for -l option
-f does full listing
-j jobs format
-l long format
-o user-defined format
-y do not show flags; show rss in place of addr
O is preloaded "o" (overloaded)
X old Linux i386 register format
j job control format
l display long format
o specify user-defined format
s display signal format
u display user-oriented format
v display virtual memory format
--format user-defined format
OUTPUT MODIFIERS
-H show process hierarchy (forest)
-m show threads
-n set namelist file
-w wide output
C use raw CPU time for %CPU instead of decaying average
N specify namelist file
O sorting order (overloaded)
S include some dead child process data (as a sum with the parent)
c true command name
e show environment after the command
f ASCII-art process hierarchy (forest)
h no header (or, one header per screen in the BSD personality)
m all threads
n numeric output for WCHAN and USER
w wide output
--cols set screen width
--columns set screen width
--cumulative include some dead child process data (as a sum with the parent)
--forest ASCII art process tree
--headers repeat header lines, one per page of output
--no-headers print no header line at all
--lines set screen height
--rows set screen height
--sort specify sorting order
--width set screen width
INFORMATION
-V print version
L list all format specifiers
V show version info
--help print help message
--info print debugging info
--version print version
OBSOLETE
A increases the argument space (DecUnix)
M use alternate core (try -n or N instead)
W get swap info from ... not /dev/drum (try -n or N instead)
k use /vmcore as c-dumpfile (try -n or N instead)
NOTES
The "-g" option can select by session leader OR by group name.
Selection by session leader is specified by many standards,
but selection by group is the logical behavior that several other
operating systems use. This ps will select by session leader when
the list is completely numeric (as sessions are). Group ID numbers
will work only when some group names are also specified.
The "m" option should not be used. Use "-m" or "-o" with a list.
("m" displays memory info, shows threads, or sorts by memory use)
The "h" option is problematic. Standard BSD ps uses the option to
print a header on each page of output, but older Linux ps uses the option
to totally disable the header. This version of ps follows the Linux
usage of not printing the header unless the BSD personality has been
selected, in which case it prints a header on each page of output.
Regardless of the current personality, you can use the long options
--headers and --no-headers to enable printing headers each page and
disable headers entirely, respectively.
Terminals (ttys, or screens for text output) can be specified in several
forms: /dev/ttyS1, ttyS1, S1. Obsolete "ps t" (your own terminal) and
"ps t?" (processes without a terminal) syntax is supported, but modern
options ("T", "-t" with list, "x", "t" with list) should be used instead.
The BSD "O" option can act like "-O" (user-defined output format with
some common fields predefined) or can be used to specify sort order.
Heuristics are used to determine the behavior of this option. To ensure
that the desired behavior is obtained, specify the other option (sorting
or formatting) in some other way.
For sorting, BSD "O" option syntax is O[+|-]k1[,[+|-]k2[,...]]
Order the process listing according to the multilevel sort specified by
the sequence of short keys from SORT KEYS, k1, k2, ... The `+' is quite
optional, merely re-iterating the default direction on a key. `-' reverses
direction only on the key it precedes. The O option must be the last option
in a single command argument, but specifications in successive arguments are
catenated.
Gnu sorting syntax is --sortX[+|-]key[,[+|-]key[,...]]
Choose a multi-letter key from the SORT KEYS section. X may be any
convenient separator character. To be GNU-ish use `='. The `+' is really
optional since default direction is increasing numerical or lexicographic
order. For example, ps jax --sort=uid,-ppid,+pid
This ps works by reading the virtual files in /proc. This ps does not
need to be suid kmem or have any privileges to run. Do not give this ps
any special permissions.
This ps needs access to a namelist file for proper WCHAN display.
The namelist file must match the current Linux kernel exactly for
correct output.
To produce the WCHAN field, ps needs to read the System.map file created
when the kernel is compiled. The search path is:
$PS_SYSTEM_MAP
/boot/System.map-`uname -r`
/boot/System.map
/lib/modules/`uname -r`/System.map
/usr/src/linux/System.map
The member used_math of task_struct is not shown, since crt0.s checks
to see if math is present. This causes the math flag to be set for all
processes, and so it is worthless. (Somebody fix libc or the kernel please)
Programs swapped out to disk will be shown without command line arguments,
and unless the c option is given, in brackets.
%CPU shows the cputime/realtime percentage. It will not add up to 100%
unless you are lucky. It is time used divided by the time the process has
been running.
The SIZE and RSS fields don't count the page tables and the task_struct of a
proc; this is at least 12k of memory that is always resident. SIZE is the
virtual size of the proc (code+data+stack).
Processes marked <defunct> are dead processes (so-called "zombies") that
remain because their parent has not destroyed them properly. These processes
will be destroyed by init(8) if the parent process exits.
PROCESS FLAGS
ALIGNWARN 001 print alignment warning msgs
STARTING 002 being created
EXITING 004 getting shut down
PTRACED 010 set if ptrace (0) has been called
TRACESYS 020 tracing system calls
FORKNOEXEC 040 forked but didn't exec
SUPERPRIV 100 used super-user privileges
DUMPCORE 200 dumped core
SIGNALED 400 killed by a signal
PROCESS STATE CODES
D uninterruptible sleep (usually IO)
R runnable (on run queue)
S sleeping
T traced or stopped
Z a defunct ("zombie") process
For BSD formats and when the "stat" keyword is used, additional
letters may be displayed:
W has no resident pages
< high-priority process
N low-priority task
L has pages locked into memory (for real-time and custom IO)
SORT KEYS
Note that the values used in sorting are the internal values ps uses and not
the `cooked' values used in some of the output format fields. Pipe ps
output into the sort(1) command if you want to sort the cooked values.
KEY LONG DESCRIPTION
c cmd simple name of executable
C cmdline full command line
f flags flags as in long format F field
g pgrp process group ID
G tpgid controlling tty process group ID
j cutime cumulative user time
J cstime cumulative system time
k utime user time
K stime system time
m min_flt number of minor page faults
M maj_flt number of major page faults
n cmin_flt cumulative minor page faults
N cmaj_flt cumulative major page faults
o session session ID
p pid process ID
P ppid parent process ID
r rss resident set size
R resident resident pages
s size memory size in kilobytes
S share amount of shared pages
t tty the minor device number of tty
T start_time time process was started
U uid user ID number
u user user name
v vsize total VM size in kB
y priority kernel scheduling priority
AIX FORMAT DESCRIPTORS
This ps supports AIX format descriptors, which work somewhat like the
formatting codes of printf(1) and printf(3). For example, the normal
default output can be produced with this: ps -eo "%p %y %x %c"
CODE NORMAL HEADER
%C pcpu %CPU
%G group GROUP
%P ppid PPID
%U user USER
%a args COMMAND
%c comm COMMAND
%g rgroup RGROUP
%n nice NI
%p pid PID
%r pgid PGID
%t etime ELAPSED
%u ruser RUSER
%x time TIME
%y tty TTY
%z vsz VSZ
STANDARD FORMAT SPECIFIERS
These may be used to control both output format and sorting.
For example: ps -eo pid,user,args --sort user
CODE HEADER
%cpu %CPU
%mem %MEM
alarm ALARM
args COMMAND
blocked BLOCKED
bsdstart START
bsdtime TIME
c C
caught CAUGHT
cmd CMD
comm COMMAND
command COMMAND
cputime TIME
drs DRS
dsiz DSIZ
egid EGID
egroup EGROUP
eip EIP
esp ESP
etime ELAPSED
euid EUID
euser EUSER
f F
fgid FGID
fgroup FGROUP
flag F
flags F
fname COMMAND
fsgid FSGID
fsgroup FSGROUP
fsuid FSUID
fsuser FSUSER
fuid FUID
fuser FUSER
gid GID
group GROUP
ignored IGNORED
intpri PRI
lim LIM
longtname TTY
lstart STARTED
m_drs DRS
m_trs TRS
maj_flt MAJFL
majflt MAJFLT
min_flt MINFL
minflt MINFLT
ni NI
nice NI
nwchan WCHAN
opri PRI
pagein PAGEIN
pcpu %CPU
pending PENDING
pgid PGID
pgrp PGRP
pid PID
pmem %MEM
ppid PPID
pri PRI
priority PRI
rgid RGID
rgroup RGROUP
rss RSS
rssize RSS
rsz RSZ
ruid RUID
ruser RUSER
s S
sess SESS
session SESS
sgi_p P
sgi_rss RSS
sgid SGID
sgroup SGROUP
sid SID
sig PENDING
sig_block BLOCKED
sig_catch CATCHED
sig_ignore IGNORED
sig_pend SIGNAL
sigcatch CAUGHT
sigignore IGNORED
sigmask BLOCKED
stackp STACKP
start STARTED
start_stack STACKP
start_time START
stat STAT
state S
stime STIME
suid SUID
suser SUSER
svgid SVGID
svgroup SVGROUP
svuid SVUID
svuser SVUSER
sz SZ
time TIME
timeout TMOUT
tmout TMOUT
tname TTY
tpgid TPGID
trs TRS
trss TRSS
tsiz TSIZ
tt TT
tty TT
tty4 TTY
tty8 TTY
ucmd CMD
ucomm COMMAND
uid UID
uid_hack UID
uname USER
user USER
vsize VSZ
vsz VSZ
wchan WCHAN
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables could affect ps:
COLUMNS Override default display width.
LINES Override default display height.
PS_PERSONALITY Set to one of posix,old,linux,bsd,sun,digital...
CMD_ENV Set to one of posix,old,linux,bsd,sun,digital...
I_WANT_A_BROKEN_PS Force obsolete command line interpretation.
LC_TIME Date format.
PS_COLORS Not currently supported.
PS_FORMAT Default output format override.
PS_SYSMAP Default namelist (System.map) location.
PS_SYSTEM_MAP Default namelist (System.map) location.
POSIXLY_CORRECT Don't find excuses to ignore bad "features".
UNIX95 Don't find excuses to ignore bad "features".
_XPG Cancel CMD_ENV=irix non-standard behavior.
In general, it is a bad idea to set these variables. The one exception
is CMD_ENV or PS_PERSONALITY, which could be set to Linux for normal
systems. Without that setting, ps follows the useless and bad parts
of the Unix98 standard.
PERSONALITY
390 like the S/390 OpenEdition ps
aix like AIX ps
bsd like FreeBSD ps (totally non-standard)
compaq like Digital Unix ps
debian like the old Debian ps
digital like Digital Unix ps
gnu like the old Debian ps
hp like HP-UX ps
hpux like HP-UX ps
irix like Irix ps
linux ***** RECOMMENDED *****
old like the original Linux ps (totally non-standard)
posix standard
sco like SCO ps
sgi like Irix ps
sun like SunOS 4 ps (totally non-standard)
sunos like SunOS 4 ps (totally non-standard)
sysv standard
unix standard
unix95 standard
unix98 standard
EXAMPLES
To see every process on the system using standard syntax:
ps -e
To see every process on the system using BSD syntax:
ps ax
To see every process except those running as root (real & effective ID)
ps -U root -u root -N
To see every process with a user-defined format:
ps -eo pid,tt,user,fname,tmout,f,wchan
Odd display with AIX field descriptors:
ps -o "%u : %U : %p : %a"
Print only the process IDs of syslogd:
ps -C syslogd -o pid=
SEE ALSO
top(1) pstree(1) proc(5)
STANDARDS
This ps conforms to version 2 of the Single Unix Specification.
AUTHOR
ps was originally written by Branko Lankester <lankeste@fwi.uva.nl>. Michael
K. Johnson <johnsonm@redhat.com> re-wrote it significantly to use the proc
filesystem, changing a few things in the process. Michael Shields
<mjshield@nyx.cs.du.edu> added the pid-list feature. Charles Blake
<cblake@bbn.com> added multi-level sorting, the dirent-style library, the
device name-to-number mmaped database, the approximate binary search
directly on System.map, and many code and documentation cleanups. David
Mossberger-Tang wrote the generic BFD support for psupdate. Albert Cahalan
<acahalan@cs.uml.edu> rewrote ps for full Unix98 and BSD support, along with
some ugly hacks for obsolete and foreign syntax.
Please send bug reports to <acahalan@cs.uml.edu>

26
ps/regression Normal file
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-u 500 -o pid,ppid,fname,comm,args # right margin trouble
-u 500 -o pid,ppid,fname,comm,args,wchan,wchan,wchan,wchan,wchan,nice,wchan
-u 500 -o pid,pid,pid,pid,user,user,user,args # had trouble
-u 500 -o user,user,user,pid,pid,pid,pid,args # no trouble!
Test with each type of field (RIGHT,LEFT,UNLIMITED...) hanging off the
edge of the screen and each type of field to the left of the one that
hangs off the edge.
Test "ps ef" as _both_ normal user and root. Especially after su!
On a 108-col screen, try "ps alx" and "ps alx | cat"
These ought to be the same:
CMD_ENV=old ps -m
CMD_ENV=old ps m
These ought to be the same:
CMD_ENV=old ps -X
CMD_ENV=old ps X
ps X
ps -X # needs to be a non-SysV option
This should fail:
ps x -x

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/*
* Copyright 1998 by Albert Cahalan; all rights resered.
* This file may be used subject to the terms and conditions of the
* GNU Library General Public License Version 2, or any later version
* at your option, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU Library General Public License for more details.
*/
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "common.h"
#include "../proc/readproc.h"
#include "../proc/procps.h"
#define session_leader(p) ((p)->session == (p)->pid)
#define process_group_leader(p) ((p)->pgid == (p)->pid)
#define without_a_tty(p) ((unsigned short)((p)->tty) == (unsigned short)-1)
#define some_other_user(p) ((p)->euid != cached_euid)
#define running(p) (((p)->state=='R')||((p)->state=='D'))
#define has_our_euid(p) ((unsigned short)((p)->euid) == (unsigned short)cached_euid)
#define on_our_tty(p) ((unsigned short)((p)->tty) == (unsigned short)cached_tty)
static unsigned long select_bits = 0;
/***** prepare select_bits for use */
const char *select_bits_setup(void){
int switch_val = 0;
/* don't want a 'g' screwing up simple_select */
if(!simple_select && !prefer_bsd_defaults){
select_bits = 0xaa00; /* the STANDARD selection */
return NULL;
}
/* For every BSD but SunOS, the 'g' option is a NOP. (enabled by default) */
if( !(personality & PER_NO_DEFAULT_g) && !(simple_select&(SS_U_a|SS_U_d)) )
switch_val = simple_select|SS_B_g;
else
switch_val = simple_select;
switch(switch_val){
/* UNIX options */
case SS_U_a | SS_U_d: select_bits = 0x3f3f; break; /* 3333 or 3f3f */
case SS_U_a: select_bits = 0x0303; break; /* 0303 or 0f0f */
case SS_U_d: select_bits = 0x3333; break;
/* SunOS 4 only (others have 'g' enabled all the time) */
case 0: select_bits = 0x0202; break;
case SS_B_a: select_bits = 0x0303; break;
case SS_B_x : select_bits = 0x2222; break;
case SS_B_x | SS_B_a: select_bits = 0x3333; break;
/* General BSD options */
case SS_B_g : select_bits = 0x0a0a; break;
case SS_B_g | SS_B_a: select_bits = 0x0f0f; break;
case SS_B_g | SS_B_x : select_bits = 0xaaaa; break;
case SS_B_g | SS_B_x | SS_B_a: /* convert to -e instead of using 0xffff */
all_processes = 1;
simple_select = 0;
break;
default:
return "Process selection options conflict.";
break;
}
return NULL;
}
/***** selected by simple option? */
static int table_accept(proc_t *buf){
unsigned proc_index;
proc_index = (has_our_euid(buf) <<0)
| (session_leader(buf) <<1)
| (without_a_tty(buf) <<2)
| (on_our_tty(buf) <<3);
return (select_bits & (1<<proc_index));
}
/***** selected by some kind of list? */
static int proc_was_listed(proc_t *buf){
selection_node *sn = selection_list;
int i;
if(!sn) return 0;
while(sn){
switch(sn->typecode){
default:
printf("Internal error in ps! Please report this bug.\n");
#define return_if_match(foo,bar) \
i=sn->n; while(i--) \
if((unsigned short )(buf->foo) == (unsigned short)(*(sn->u+i)).bar) \
return 1
break; case SEL_RUID: return_if_match(ruid,uid);
break; case SEL_EUID: return_if_match(euid,uid);
break; case SEL_SUID: return_if_match(suid,uid);
break; case SEL_FUID: return_if_match(fuid,uid);
break; case SEL_RGID: return_if_match(rgid,gid);
break; case SEL_EGID: return_if_match(egid,gid);
break; case SEL_SGID: return_if_match(sgid,gid);
break; case SEL_FGID: return_if_match(fgid,gid);
break; case SEL_PGRP: return_if_match(pgrp,pid);
break; case SEL_PID : return_if_match(pid,pid);
break; case SEL_TTY : return_if_match(tty,tty);
break; case SEL_SESS: return_if_match(session,pid);
/* TODO Should use a long long cast for performance */
break; case SEL_COMM: i=sn->n; while(i--)
if(!strncmp( buf->cmd, (*(sn->u+i)).cmd, 8 )) return 1;
#undef return_if_match
}
sn = sn->next;
}
return 0;
}
/***** This must satisfy Unix98 and as much BSD as possible */
int want_this_proc(proc_t *buf){
int accepted_proc = 1; /* assume success */
/* elsewhere, convert T to list, U sets x implicitly */
/* handle -e -A */
if(all_processes) goto finish;
/* use table for -a a d g x */
if((simple_select || !selection_list))
if(table_accept(buf)) goto finish;
/* search lists */
if(proc_was_listed(buf)) goto finish;
/* fail, fall through to loose ends */
accepted_proc = 0;
/* do r N */
finish:
if(running_only && !running(buf)) accepted_proc = 0;
if(negate_selection) return !accepted_proc;
return accepted_proc;
}

875
ps/sortformat.c Normal file
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/*
* Copyright 1998 by Albert Cahalan; all rights resered.
* This file may be used subject to the terms and conditions of the
* GNU Library General Public License Version 2, or any later version
* at your option, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU Library General Public License for more details.
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
/* username lookups */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include "../proc/readproc.h"
#include "common.h"
static sf_node *sf_list = NULL; /* deferred sorting and formatting */
static int broken; /* use gross Unix98 parsing? */
static int have_gnu_sort = 0; /* if true, "O" must be format */
static int already_parsed_sort = 0; /* redundantly set in & out of fn */
static int already_parsed_format = 0;
#define parse_sort_opt <-- arrgh! do not use this -->
#define gnusort_parse <-- arrgh! do not use this -->
/**************** Parse single format specifier *******************/
static format_node *do_one_spec(const char *spec, const char *override){
const format_struct *fs;
const macro_struct *ms;
fs = search_format_array(spec);
if(fs){
int w1, w2;
format_node *thisnode;
thisnode = malloc(sizeof(format_node));
w1 = fs->width;
if(override){
w2 = strlen(override);
thisnode->width = (w1>w2)?w1:w2;
thisnode->name = malloc(strlen(override)+1);
strcpy(thisnode->name, override);
}else{
thisnode->width = w1;
thisnode->name = malloc(strlen(fs->head)+1);
strcpy(thisnode->name, fs->head);
}
thisnode->pr = fs->pr;
thisnode->pad = fs->pad;
thisnode->vendor = fs->vendor;
thisnode->flags = fs->flags;
thisnode->next = NULL;
return thisnode;
}
/* That failed, so try it as a macro. */
ms = search_macro_array(spec);
if(ms){
format_node *list = NULL;
format_node *newnode;
const char *walk;
int dist;
char buf[16]; /* trust strings will be short (from above, not user) */
walk = ms->head;
while(*walk){
dist = strcspn(walk, ", ");
strncpy(buf,walk,dist);
buf[dist] = '\0';
newnode = do_one_spec(buf,override); /* call self, assume success */
newnode->next = list;
list = newnode;
walk += dist;
if(*walk) walk++;
}
return list;
}
return NULL; /* bad, spec not found */
}
/************ must wrap user format in default *************/
static void O_wrap(sf_node *sfn, int otype){
format_node *fnode;
format_node *endp;
char *trailer;
trailer = (otype=='b') ? "END_BSD" : "END_SYS5" ;
fnode = do_one_spec("pid",NULL);
if(!fnode)fprintf(stderr,"Seriously crashing. Goodbye cruel world.\n");
endp = sfn->f_cooked; while(endp->next) endp = endp->next; /* find end */
endp->next = fnode;
fnode = do_one_spec(trailer,NULL);
if(!fnode)fprintf(stderr,"Seriously crashing. Goodbye cruel world.\n");
endp = fnode; while(endp->next) endp = endp->next; /* find end */
endp->next = sfn->f_cooked;
sfn->f_cooked = fnode;
}
/******************************************************************
* Used to parse option AIX field descriptors.
* Put each completed format_node onto the list starting at ->f_cooked
*/
static const char *aix_format_parse(sf_node *sfn){
char *buf; /* temp copy of arg to hack on */
char *walk;
int items;
/*** sanity check and count items ***/
items = 0;
walk = sfn->sf;
/* state machine */ {
int c;
initial:
c = *walk++;
if(c=='%') goto get_desc;
if(!c) goto looks_ok;
/* get_text: */
items++;
get_more_text:
c = *walk++;
if(c=='%') goto get_desc;
if(c) goto get_more_text;
goto looks_ok;
get_desc:
items++;
c = *walk++;
if(c) goto initial;
return "Improper AIX field descriptor.";
looks_ok:
}
/*** sanity check passed ***/
buf = malloc(strlen(sfn->sf)+1);
strcpy(buf, sfn->sf);
walk = sfn->sf;
while(items--){
format_node *fnode; /* newly allocated */
format_node *endp; /* for list manipulation */
if(*walk == '%'){
const aix_struct *aix;
walk++;
if(*walk == '%') goto double_percent;
aix = search_aix_array(*walk);
walk++;
if(!aix){
free(buf);
return "Unknown AIX field descriptor.";
}
fnode = do_one_spec(aix->spec, aix->head);
if(!fnode){
free(buf);
return "AIX field descriptor processing bug.";
}
} else {
int len;
len = strcspn(walk, "%");
memcpy(buf,walk,len);
if(0){
double_percent:
len = 1;
buf[0] = '%';
}
buf[len] = '\0';
walk += len;
fnode = malloc(sizeof(format_node));
fnode->width = len;
fnode->name = malloc(len+1);
strcpy(fnode->name, buf);
fnode->pr = NULL; /* checked for */
fnode->pad = 0;
fnode->vendor = AIX;
fnode->flags = 0;
fnode->next = NULL;
}
endp = fnode; while(endp->next) endp = endp->next; /* find end */
endp->next = sfn->f_cooked;
sfn->f_cooked = fnode;
}
free(buf);
already_parsed_format = 1;
return NULL;
}
/***************************************************************
* Used to parse option O lists. Option O is shared between
* sorting and formatting. Users may expect one or the other.
* The "broken" flag enables a really bad Unix98 misfeature.
* Put each completed format_node onto the list starting at ->f_cooked
*/
static const char *format_parse(sf_node *sfn){
char *buf; /* temp copy of arg to hack on */
char *sep_loc; /* separator location: " \t,\n" */
char *walk;
const char *err; /* error code that could or did happen */
format_node *fnode;
int items;
int need_item;
static char errbuf[80]; /* for variable-text error message */
/*** prepare to operate ***/
buf = malloc(strlen(sfn->sf)+1);
strcpy(buf, sfn->sf);
/*** sanity check and count items ***/
need_item = 1; /* true */
items = 0;
walk = buf;
do{
switch(*walk){
case ' ': case ',': case '\t': case '\n': case '\0':
/* Linux extension: allow \t and \n as delimiters */
if(need_item){
free(buf);
goto improper;
}
need_item=1;
break;
case '=':
if(broken) goto out;
/* fall through */
default:
if(need_item) items++;
need_item=0;
}
} while (*++walk);
out:
if(!items){
free(buf);
goto empty;
}
#ifdef STRICT_LIST
if(need_item){ /* can't have trailing deliminator */
free(buf);
goto improper;
}
#else
if(need_item){ /* allow 1 trailing deliminator */
*--walk='\0'; /* remove the trailing deliminator */
}
#endif
/*** actually parse the list ***/
walk = buf;
while(items--){
format_node *endp;
char *equal_loc;
sep_loc = strpbrk(walk," ,\t\n");
/* if items left, then sep_loc is not in header override */
if(items && sep_loc) *sep_loc = '\0';
equal_loc = strpbrk(walk,"=");
if(equal_loc){ /* if header override */
*equal_loc = '\0';
equal_loc++;
}
fnode = do_one_spec(walk,equal_loc);
if(!fnode){
if(!*errbuf){ /* if didn't already create an error string */
snprintf(
errbuf,
sizeof(errbuf),
"Unknown user-defined format specifier \"%s\".",
walk
);
}
free(buf);
goto unknown;
}
endp = fnode; while(endp->next) endp = endp->next; /* find end */
endp->next = sfn->f_cooked;
sfn->f_cooked = fnode;
walk = sep_loc + 1; /* point to next item, if any */
}
free(buf);
already_parsed_format = 1;
return NULL;
/* errors may cause a retry looking for AIX format codes */
if(0) unknown: err=errbuf;
if(0) empty: err="Empty format list.";
if(0) improper: err="Improper format list.";
if(strchr(sfn->sf,'%')) err = aix_format_parse(sfn);
return err;
}
/**************** Parse single sort specifier *******************/
static sort_node *do_one_sort_spec(const char *spec){
const format_struct *fs;
int reverse = 0;
if(*spec == '-'){
reverse = 1;
spec++;
}
fs = search_format_array(spec);
if(fs){
sort_node *thisnode;
thisnode = malloc(sizeof(format_node));
thisnode->sr = fs->sr;
thisnode->reverse = reverse;
thisnode->next = NULL;
return thisnode;
}
return NULL; /* bad, spec not found */
}
/**************************************************************
* Used to parse long sorting options.
* Put each completed sort_node onto the list starting at ->s_cooked
*/
static const char *long_sort_parse(sf_node *sfn){
char *buf; /* temp copy of arg to hack on */
char *sep_loc; /* separator location: " \t,\n" */
char *walk;
const char *err; /* error code that could or did happen */
sort_node *snode;
int items;
int need_item;
/*** prepare to operate ***/
buf = malloc(strlen(sfn->sf)+1);
strcpy(buf, sfn->sf);
/*** sanity check and count items ***/
need_item = 1; /* true */
items = 0;
walk = buf;
err = "Improper sort specifier list.";
do{
switch(*walk){
case ' ': case ',': case '\t': case '\n': case '\0':
if(need_item){
free(buf);
return "Improper sort list";
}
need_item=1;
break;
default:
if(need_item) items++;
need_item=0;
}
} while (*++walk);
if(!items){
free(buf);
return "Empty sort list.";
}
#ifdef STRICT_LIST
if(need_item){ /* can't have trailing deliminator */
free(buf);
return "Improper sort list.";
}
#else
if(need_item){ /* allow 1 trailing deliminator */
*--walk='\0'; /* remove the trailing deliminator */
}
#endif
/*** actually parse the list ***/
walk = buf;
while(items--){
sort_node *endp;
sep_loc = strpbrk(walk," ,\t\n");
if(sep_loc) *sep_loc = '\0';
snode = do_one_sort_spec(walk);
if(!snode){
free(buf);
return "Unknown sort specifier.";
}
endp = snode; while(endp->next) endp = endp->next; /* find end */
endp->next = sfn->s_cooked;
sfn->s_cooked = snode;
walk = sep_loc + 1; /* point to next item, if any */
}
free(buf);
already_parsed_sort = 1;
return NULL;
}
/************ pre-parse short sorting option *************/
/* Errors _must_ be detected so that the "O" option can try to
* reparse as formatting codes.
*/
static const char *verify_short_sort(const char *arg){
const char *all = "CGJKMNPRSTUcfgjkmnoprstuvy+-";
char checkoff[256];
int i;
const char *walk;
int tmp;
if(strspn(arg,all) != strlen(arg)) return "Bad sorting code.";
for(i=256; i--;) checkoff[i] = 0;
walk = arg;
for(;;){
tmp = *walk;
switch(tmp){
case '\0':
return NULL; /* looks good */
case '+':
case '-':
tmp = *(walk+1);
if(!tmp || tmp=='+' || tmp=='-') return "Bad sorting code.";
break;
case 'P':
if(forest_type) return "PPID sort and forest output conflict.";
/* fall through */
default:
if(checkoff[tmp]) return "Bad sorting code."; /* repeated */
/* ought to check against already accepted sort options */
checkoff[tmp] = 1;
break;
}
walk++;
}
}
/************ parse short sorting option *************/
static const char *short_sort_parse(sf_node *sfn){
int direction = 0;
const char *walk;
int tmp;
sort_node *snode;
sort_node *endp;
const struct shortsort_struct *ss;
walk = sfn->sf;
for(;;){
tmp = *walk;
switch(tmp){
case '\0':
already_parsed_sort = 1;
return NULL;
case '+':
direction = 0;
break;
case '-':
direction = 1;
break;
default:
ss = search_shortsort_array(tmp);
if(!ss) return "Unknown sort specifier.";
snode = do_one_sort_spec(ss->spec);
if(!snode) return "Unknown sort specifier.";
snode->reverse = direction;
endp = snode; while(endp->next) endp = endp->next; /* find end */
endp->next = sfn->s_cooked;
sfn->s_cooked = snode;
direction = 0;
break;
}
walk++;
}
}
/******************* high-level below here *********************/
/*
* Used to parse option O lists. Option O is shared between
* sorting and formatting. Users may expect one or the other.
* The "broken" flag enables a really bad Unix98 misfeature.
* Recursion is to preserve original order.
*/
static const char *parse_O_option(sf_node *sfn){
const char *err; /* error code that could or did happen */
if(sfn->next){
err = parse_O_option(sfn->next);
if(err) return err;
}
switch(sfn->sf_code){
case SF_B_o: case SF_G_format: case SF_U_o: /*** format ***/
err = format_parse(sfn);
if(!err) already_parsed_format = 1;
break;
case SF_U_O: /*** format ***/
/* Can have -l -f f u... set already_parsed_format like DEC does */
if(already_parsed_format) return "option -O can not follow other format options.";
err = format_parse(sfn);
if(err) return err;
already_parsed_format = 1;
O_wrap(sfn,'u'); /* must wrap user format in default */
break;
case SF_B_O: /*** both ***/
if(have_gnu_sort || already_parsed_sort) err = "Multiple sort options.";
else err = verify_short_sort(sfn->sf);
if(!err){ /* success as sorting code */
short_sort_parse(sfn);
already_parsed_sort = 1;
return NULL;
}
if(already_parsed_format){
err = "option O is neither first format nor sort order.";
break;
}
if(!format_parse(sfn)){ /* if success as format code */
already_parsed_format = 1;
O_wrap(sfn,'b'); /* must wrap user format in default */
return NULL;
}
break;
case SF_G_sort: case SF_B_m: /*** sort ***/
if(already_parsed_sort) err = "Multiple sort options.";
else err = long_sort_parse(sfn);
already_parsed_sort = 1;
break;
default: /*** junk ***/
return "Bug: parse_O_option got weirdness!";
}
return err; /* could be NULL */
}
/************ Main parser calls this to save lists for later **********/
/* store data for later and return 1 if arg looks non-standard */
int defer_sf_option(const char *arg, int source){
sf_node *sfn;
char buf[16];
int dist;
const format_struct *fs;
int need_item = 1;
sfn = malloc(sizeof(sf_node));
sfn->sf = malloc(strlen(arg)+1);
strcpy(sfn->sf, arg);
sfn->sf_code = source;
sfn->s_cooked = NULL;
sfn->f_cooked = NULL;
sfn->next = sf_list;
sf_list = sfn;
if(source == SF_G_sort) have_gnu_sort = 1;
/* Now try to find an excuse to ignore broken Unix98 parsing. */
if(source != SF_U_o) return 1; /* Wonderful! Already non-Unix98. */
do{
switch(*arg){
case ' ': case ',': case '\0': /* no \t\n\r support in Unix98 */
if(need_item) return 1; /* something wrong */
need_item=1;
break;
case '=':
if(need_item) return 1; /* something wrong */
return 0; /* broken Unix98 parsing is required */
default:
if(!need_item) break;
need_item=0;
dist = strcspn(arg,", =");
if(dist>15) return 1; /* something wrong, sort maybe? */
strncpy(buf,arg,dist); /* no '\0' on end */
buf[dist] = '\0'; /* fix that problem */
fs = search_format_array(buf);
if(!fs) return 1; /* invalid spec, macro or sort maybe? */
if(fs->vendor) return 1; /* Wonderful! Legal non-Unix98 spec. */
}
} while (*++arg);
return 0; /* boring, Unix98 is no change */
}
/***** Since ps is not long-lived, the memory leak can be ignored. ******/
void reset_sortformat(void){
sf_list = NULL; /* deferred sorting and formatting */
format_list = NULL; /* digested formatting options */
sort_list = NULL; /* digested sorting options (redundant?) */
have_gnu_sort = 0;
already_parsed_sort = 0;
already_parsed_format = 0;
}
/***** Search format_list for findme, then insert putme after findme. ****/
static int fmt_add_after(const char *findme, format_node *putme){
format_node *walk;
if(!strcmp(format_list->name, findme)){
putme->next = format_list->next;
format_list->next = putme;
return 1; /* success */
}
walk = format_list;
while(walk->next){
if(!strcmp(walk->next->name, findme)){
putme->next = walk->next->next;
walk->next->next = putme;
return 1; /* success */
}
walk = walk->next;
}
return 0; /* fail */
}
/******* Search format_list for findme, then delete it. ********/
static int fmt_delete(const char *findme){
format_node *walk;
format_node *old;
if(!strcmp(format_list->name, findme)){
old = format_list;
format_list = format_list->next;
free(old);
return 1; /* success */
}
walk = format_list;
while(walk->next){
if(!strcmp(walk->next->name, findme)){
old = walk->next;
walk->next = walk->next->next;
free(old);
return 1; /* success */
}
walk = walk->next;
}
return 0; /* fail */
}
/************ Build a SysV format backwards. ***********/
#define PUSH(foo) (fn=do_one_spec(foo, NULL), fn->next=format_list, format_list=fn)
static const char *generate_sysv_list(void){
format_node *fn;
if((format_modifiers & FM_y) && !(format_flags & FF_Ul))
return "Modifier -y without format -l makes no sense.";
if(prefer_bsd_defaults){
if(format_flags) PUSH("cmd");
else PUSH("args");
PUSH("bsdtime");
if(!(format_flags & FF_Ul)) PUSH("stat");
}else{
if(format_flags & FF_Uf) PUSH("cmd");
else PUSH("ucmd");
PUSH("time");
}
PUSH("tname"); /* Unix98 says "TTY" here, yet "tty" produces "TT". */
if(format_flags & FF_Uf) PUSH("stime");
/* avoid duplicate columns from -FP and -Fly */
if(format_modifiers & FM_F){
/* if -FP take the Sun-style column instead (sorry about "sgi_p") */
if(!(format_modifiers & FM_P)) PUSH("psr"); /* should be ENG */
/* if -Fly take the ADDR-replacement RSS instead */
if(!( (format_flags & FF_Ul) && (format_modifiers & FM_y) )) PUSH("rss");
}
if(format_flags & FF_Ul){
PUSH("wchan");
}
/* since FM_y adds RSS anyway, don't do this hack when that is true */
if( (format_flags & FF_Ul) && !(format_modifiers & FM_y) ){
if(personality & PER_IRIX_l){ /* add "rss" then ':' here */
PUSH("sgi_rss");
fn = malloc(sizeof(format_node));
fn->width = 1;
fn->name = malloc(2);
strcpy(fn->name, ":");
fn->pr = NULL; /* checked for */
fn->pad = 0;
fn->vendor = AIX; /* yes, for SGI weirdness */
fn->flags = 0;
fn->next = format_list;
format_list=fn;
}
}
if((format_modifiers & FM_F) || (format_flags & FF_Ul)){
PUSH("sz");
}
if(format_flags & FF_Ul){
if(format_modifiers & FM_y) PUSH("rss");
else if(personality & (PER_ZAP_ADDR|PER_IRIX_l)) PUSH("sgi_p");
else PUSH("addr_1");
}
if(format_modifiers & FM_c){
PUSH("pri"); PUSH("class");
}else if(format_flags & FF_Ul){
PUSH("ni"); PUSH("opri");
}
if((format_modifiers & FM_L) && (format_flags & FF_Uf)) PUSH("nlwp");
if( (format_flags & (FF_Uf|FF_Ul)) && !(format_modifiers & FM_c) ) PUSH("c");
if(format_modifiers & FM_P) PUSH("psr");
if(format_modifiers & FM_L) PUSH("lwp");
if(format_modifiers & FM_j){
PUSH("sid");
PUSH("pgid");
}
if(format_flags & (FF_Uf|FF_Ul)) PUSH("ppid");
if(format_modifiers & FM_T) PUSH("spid");
PUSH("pid");
if(format_flags & FF_Uf){
if(personality & PER_SANE_USER) PUSH("user");
else PUSH("uid_hack");
}else if(format_flags & FF_Ul){
PUSH("uid");
}
if(format_flags & FF_Ul){
PUSH("s");
if(!(format_modifiers & FM_y)) PUSH("f");
}
if(format_modifiers & FM_M){
PUSH("label"); /* Mandatory Access Control */
}
format_modifiers = 0;
return NULL;
}
/**************************************************************************
* Used to parse option O lists. Option O is shared between
* sorting and formatting. Users may expect one or the other.
* The "broken" flag enables a really bad Unix98 misfeature.
*/
const char *process_sf_options(int localbroken){
const char *err;
sf_node *sf_walk;
int option_source; /* true if user-defined */
if(personality & PER_BROKEN_o) localbroken = 1;
if(personality & PER_GOOD_o) localbroken = 0;
broken = localbroken;
if(sf_list){
err = parse_O_option(sf_list);
if(err) return err;
}
if(format_list) printf("Bug: must reset the list first!\n");
/* merge formatting info of sf_list into format_list here */
sf_walk = sf_list;
while(sf_walk){
format_node *fmt_walk;
fmt_walk = sf_walk->f_cooked;
sf_walk->f_cooked = NULL;
while(fmt_walk){ /* put any nodes onto format_list in opposite way */
format_node *travler;
travler = fmt_walk;
fmt_walk = fmt_walk->next;
travler->next = format_list;
format_list = travler;
}
sf_walk = sf_walk->next;
}
/* merge sorting info of sf_list into sort_list here */
sf_walk = sf_list;
while(sf_walk){
sort_node *srt_walk;
srt_walk = sf_walk->s_cooked;
sf_walk->s_cooked = NULL;
while(srt_walk){ /* put any nodes onto sort_list in opposite way */
sort_node *travler;
travler = srt_walk;
srt_walk = srt_walk->next;
travler->next = sort_list;
sort_list = travler;
}
sf_walk = sf_walk->next;
}
if(format_list){
if(format_flags) return "Conflicting format options.";
option_source = 1;
}else{
format_node *fmt_walk;
format_node *fn;
const char *spec;
switch(format_flags){
default: return "Conflicting format options.";
/* These can be NULL, which enables SysV list generation code. */
case 0: spec=NULL; break;
case FF_Uf | FF_Ul: spec=sysv_fl_format; break;
case FF_Uf: spec=sysv_f_format; break;
case FF_Ul: spec=sysv_l_format; break;
/* These are NOT REACHED for normal -j processing. */
case FF_Uj: spec=sysv_j_format; break; /* Debian & Digital */
case FF_Uj | FF_Ul: spec="RD_lj"; break; /* Debian */
case FF_Uj | FF_Uf: spec="RD_fj"; break; /* Debian */
/* These are true BSD options. */
case FF_Bj: spec=bsd_j_format; break;
case FF_Bl: spec=bsd_l_format; break;
case FF_Bs: spec=bsd_s_format; break;
case FF_Bu: spec=bsd_u_format; break;
case FF_Bv: spec=bsd_v_format; break;
/* These are old Linux options. Option m is overloaded. */
case FF_LX: spec="OL_X"; break;
case FF_Lm: spec="OL_m"; break;
} /* end switch(format_flags) */
option_source = 0;
if(!format_flags && !format_modifiers){ /* was default */
char *tmp;
tmp = getenv("PS_FORMAT"); /* user override kills default */
if(tmp && *tmp){
spec = tmp;
option_source = 2;
}
}
if(spec){
fn = do_one_spec(spec, NULL); /* use override "" for no headers */
fmt_walk = fn;
while(fmt_walk){ /* put any nodes onto format_list in opposite way */
format_node *travler;
travler = fmt_walk;
fmt_walk = fmt_walk->next;
travler->next = format_list;
format_list = travler;
}
}else{
err = generate_sysv_list();
if(err) return err;
option_source = 3;
}
}
if(format_modifiers){ /* generate_sysv_list() may have cleared some bits */
format_node *fn;
if(option_source) return "Can't use output modifiers with user-defined output";
if(format_modifiers & FM_j){
fn = do_one_spec("pgid", NULL);
if(!fmt_add_after("PPID", fn)) if(!fmt_add_after("PID", fn))
return "Internal error, no PID or PPID for -j option.";
fn = do_one_spec("sid", NULL);
if(!fmt_add_after("PGID", fn)) return "Lost my PGID!";
}
if(format_modifiers & FM_y){
/* TODO: check for failure to do something, and complain if so */
fmt_delete("F");
fn = do_one_spec("rss", NULL);
if(fmt_add_after("ADDR", fn)) fmt_delete("ADDR");
}
if(format_modifiers & FM_c){
fmt_delete("%CPU"); fmt_delete("CPU"); fmt_delete("CP"); fmt_delete("C");
fmt_delete("NI");
fn = do_one_spec("class", NULL);
if(!fmt_add_after("PRI", fn))
return "Internal error, no PRI for -c option.";
fmt_delete("PRI"); /* we want a different one */
fn = do_one_spec("pri", NULL);
if(!fmt_add_after("CLS", fn)) return "Lost my CLS!";
}
}
if(!option_source){ /* OK to really muck with stuff */
format_node *fn;
/* Do personality-specific translations not covered by format_flags.
* Generally, these only get hit when personality overrides unix output.
* That (mostly?) means the Digital and Debian personalities.
*/
if((personality & PER_ZAP_ADDR) && (format_flags & FF_Ul)){
fn = do_one_spec("sgi_p", NULL);
if(fmt_add_after("ADDR", fn)) fmt_delete("ADDR");
}
if((personality & PER_SANE_USER) && (format_flags & FF_Uf)){
fn = do_one_spec("user", NULL);
if(fmt_add_after("UID", fn)) fmt_delete("UID");
}
}
/* Could scan for duplicates (format and sort) here. Digital does. */
return NULL;
}

165
ps/stacktrace.c Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
/*
* Gnu debugger stack trace code provided by Peter Mattis
* <petm@CSUA.Berkeley.EDU> on Thu, 2 Nov 1995
*
* Modified for easy use by Albert Cahalan.
*/
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#define INTERACTIVE 0
#define STACK_TRACE 1
char *stored_prog_name = "You forgot to set \"program\"";
static int stack_trace_done;
/***********/
static void debug_stop(char **args){
execvp (args[0], args);
perror ("exec failed");
_exit (0);
}
/***********/
static void stack_trace_sigchld(int signum){
stack_trace_done = 1;
}
/************/
static void stack_trace(char **args){
pid_t pid;
int in_fd[2];
int out_fd[2];
fd_set fdset;
fd_set readset;
struct timeval tv;
int sel, index, state;
char buffer[256];
char c;
stack_trace_done = 0;
signal(SIGCHLD, stack_trace_sigchld);
if((pipe (in_fd) == -1) || (pipe (out_fd) == -1)){
perror ("could open pipe");
_exit (0);
}
pid = fork ();
if (pid == 0){
close (0); dup (in_fd[0]); /* set the stdin to the in pipe */
close (1); dup (out_fd[1]); /* set the stdout to the out pipe */
close (2); dup (out_fd[1]); /* set the stderr to the out pipe */
execvp (args[0], args); /* exec gdb */
perror ("exec failed");
_exit (0);
} else {
if(pid == (pid_t) -1){
perror ("could not fork");
_exit (0);
}
}
FD_ZERO (&fdset);
FD_SET (out_fd[0], &fdset);
write (in_fd[1], "backtrace\n", 10);
write (in_fd[1], "p x = 0\n", 8);
write (in_fd[1], "quit\n", 5);
index = 0;
state = 0;
for(;;){
readset = fdset;
tv.tv_sec = 1;
tv.tv_usec = 0;
sel = select (FD_SETSIZE, &readset, NULL, NULL, &tv);
if (sel == -1) break;
if((sel > 0) && (FD_ISSET (out_fd[0], &readset))){
if(read (out_fd[0], &c, 1)){
switch(state){
case 0:
if(c == '#'){
state = 1;
index = 0;
buffer[index++] = c;
}
break;
case 1:
buffer[index++] = c;
if((c == '\n') || (c == '\r')){
buffer[index] = 0;
fprintf (stderr, "%s", buffer);
state = 0;
index = 0;
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
else if(stack_trace_done) break;
}
close (in_fd[0]);
close (in_fd[1]);
close (out_fd[0]);
close (out_fd[1]);
_exit (0);
}
/************/
void debug(int method, char *prog_name){
pid_t pid;
char buf[16];
char *args[4] = { "gdb", NULL, NULL, NULL };
int x;
snprintf (buf, 99, "%d", getpid ());
args[1] = prog_name;
args[2] = buf;
pid = fork ();
if(pid == 0){
switch (method){
case INTERACTIVE:
fprintf (stderr, "debug_stop\n");
debug_stop(args);
break;
case STACK_TRACE:
fprintf (stderr, "stack_trace\n");
stack_trace(args);
break;
}
_exit(0);
} else if(pid == (pid_t) -1){
perror ("could not fork");
return;
}
x = 1;
while(x); /* wait for debugger? */
}
/************/
static void stack_trace_sigsegv(int signum){
debug(STACK_TRACE, stored_prog_name);
}
/************/
void init_stack_trace(char *prog_name){
stored_prog_name = prog_name;
signal(SIGSEGV, stack_trace_sigsegv);
}