When the beginning of the Mem/Swap graphs was variable
scaling them to the current terminal's width was a bit
of a costly nightmare. So the graph size was fixed and
subject to truncation. However now that the start of a
graph can be easily predicted, I've revisited scaling.
As it turns out, any cost is minimal & mostly incurred
at an opportune time, at SIGWINCH or user interaction.
Plus, most of the apparent arithmetic is actually just
a means of documenting and will disappear thru compile
time constants in the ultimate generated machine code.
Note: those graphs will now behave just like any other
Summary Area element - they will scale from full sized
down to a terminal width of 80 columns, at which point
those displayed graphs are then subject to truncation.
Signed-off-by: Jim Warner <james.warner@comcast.net>
While the 'b' toggle remains window based (vs. global)
it should no longer require that the window be visible
and either the 'x' or 'y' toggles to be on. Previously
those requirements were intended to remind a user that
there must be something for this command to highlight.
With the introduction of graph modes (specifically the
the bar graph) the 'bold/reverse' toggle has important
implications beyond highlighting some columns or rows.
The %Cpu(s) graph and Mem portion of the memory graphs
are designed to offer a visual clue as to the separate
elements comprising them. But that separation could be
lost under some X color schemes or when top is running
without color (in monochrome mode) and the block graph
is selected. But, if the graph is then changed to bars
any separation always becomes visible whenever the 'b'
toggle is turned off. Portions then show in 'reverse'.
So from now on we'll check nothing, we'll just toggle.
[ Besides, with all the code thrown at restricting a ]
[ 'b' toggle use, it might have all been for naught. ]
[ That toggle could still be set/unset using the 'Z' ]
[ command and the color mapping screen. Geez Louise! ]
Signed-off-by: Jim Warner <james.warner@comcast.net>
This patch just beefs up the man documentation for the
new graphs modes while also reflecting the most recent
program changes, prompted by the feedback shown below.
Reference(s):
http://www.freelists.org/post/procps/latest-top-enhancements,1
Signed-off-by: Jim Warner <james.warner@comcast.net>
My original graph modes implementation made no attempt
to align the Cpu & Mem/Swap graphs. I thought, rather,
that such alignment could be best achieved by the user
using top's 'E' memory scaling command toggle. In that
way Mem/Swap prefixes could be reduced by 3 positions,
bringing the beginning '[' into line with the %Cpu(s).
If that proved to be too cumbersome a #define could be
enabled making the Mem/Swap prefix static while adding
a few padding bytes to the %Cpu line(s) for alignment.
It was those waisted bytes that were the most concern.
What I had not counted on was the fact that the memory
lines themselves might become misaligned & that became
likely with more physical memory present. That too can
be cured with the 'E' command but as scaling is raised
we soon reach a meaningless total such as '0.003' even
though the displayed % remains valid (and unchanging).
So this commit implements unconditionally what used to
be conditional. But, instead of waisting padding bytes
we'll put that space to good use with a new 'total %'.
Reference(s):
http://www.freelists.org/post/procps/latest-top-enhancements,1
commit 1d171ec741
Signed-off-by: Jim Warner <james.warner@comcast.net>
My first blush graphs modes implementation went just a
tad overboard on identifier lengths. As a result, some
program lines were getting quite long. So, this commit
will simply shorten some excessively long identifiers.
Reference(s):
http://www.freelists.org/post/procps/latest-top-enhancements
commit 1d171ec741
Signed-off-by: Jim Warner <james.warner@comcast.net>
This patch makes 't' (View_STATES) & 'm' (View_MEMORY)
commands into 4-way toggles. The two new modes provide
for two different graphs of the cpu and/or memory use.
These new capabilities are similar to those offered by
the 'htop' program. However they're aesthetically more
pleasing (to me) plus the scalings are more authentic.
Poor ol' top has long been troubled by the comparisons
offered up by the 'htop' program. Many of those things
were only true of the original redhat top while others
are no longer true of this current top program. So let
me use this commit msg to begin to correct the record.
Corrected comparisons between 'htop' & 'top' programs:
------------------------------------------------------
+ htop does not start faster, actually reverse is true
+ top offers scrolling vertically and horizontally too
. (and top offers better <Home> and <End> key support)
+ unassigned keystrokes don't subject top to any delay
. (but htop suffers that annoying ncurses <Esc> delay)
+ in top one need not type the PID to kill the process
+ in top one need not type the PID to renice a process
Some things the 'htop' program was not bragging about:
------------------------------------------------------
+ top can outperform the htop program by a wide margin
+ htop + SIGWINCH = corrupted display + restart likely
+ htop cannot preserve its screen data at suspend/exit
+ the htop column management scheme is very cumbersome
+ htop allows columns to be duplicated again and again
+ htop displays only full command lines, not pgm names
. (and that 'Command' column must always be displayed)
. (and it must always remain as the last column shown)
+ htop does not provide for any sort of command recall
+ htop's search feature does not highlight any matches
+ there is no 'find next' outside of htop search modes
+ htop does not allow Header or Process memory scaling
+ htop provides no flexibility on column justification
+ htop does not provide the means to change col widths
+ htop provides less control over colors configuration
+ htop always overwrites the rcfile with any UI change
Someday, maybe we'll provide a better comparison as an
addendum for (or replacement of) that README.top file.
Signed-off-by: Jim Warner <james.warner@comcast.net>
In anticipation of upcoming memory graphing provisions
the abbreviations 'Mem' and 'Swap' are being made into
individual translatable strings in order to be reused.
Additionally, the Mem 'used' amount will now no longer
included the 'buffers' and 'cached' values. Thus, each
Mem category becomes unique. This is the approach used
by tools such as 'htop' or the gnome 'System Monitor'.
Lastly, with that change to the 'used' category it has
been repositioned after 'free' on the Mem & Swap lines
making a comparison between 'total' and 'free' easier.
Signed-off-by: Jim Warner <james.warner@comcast.net>
For some time now, top has refrained from updating the
current number of cpus and memory totals with each and
every refresh cycle. Rather, to lessen overhead costs,
such values are updated periodically (5 min & 3 secs).
The delay in updating the cpu count was only important
with the addition of a cpu, since any loss is detected
immediately. And the large interval was chosen because
of the costs once associated with a glibc sysconf call
and an unlikely scenario of physically adding the cpu.
But the ease with which cpus can be taken offline then
placed back online under linux suggests that 5 minutes
may be too high. So, without addressing the likelihood
of that act, top is now more responsive in these ways:
1) that 5 minute interval has been reduced to 1 minute
2) any key, not just Enter/Space, refreshes cpus & mem
Note: we leave the man document as is, suggesting that
only the Enter/Space keys force an update for hotplug.
Signed-off-by: Jim Warner <james.warner@comcast.net>
. a 'space' misinterpreted as the continuation request
. continuation character, resulting in a concatenation
. 2 missing fields inadvertently omitted from man page
Reference(s):
. bug report regarding missing fields
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/procps/+bug/115016
Signed-off-by: Jim Warner <james.warner@comcast.net>
vmstat -p checks used to fail on systems with odd
partition tables, including some Debian buildd servers.
This change limits what sort of test partitions are used,
otherwise the test is skipped.
There probably are other valid partitions, these can be added
later, if known.
. prevent any input recall overrun if window downsized
. adjust translation notes for true column hdr maximum
Signed-off-by: Jim Warner <james.warner@comcast.net>
The subtraction was marked as reinforcing the misconception,
that memory in the page cache can be considered free.
The Cached value is not a sum of page cache and tmpfs,
as the tmpfs memory lives in the page cache and therefore
it's an inseparable part of it.
In release 3.3.6, some commands were equipped with the
concept of a 'default pid'. The initial implementation
meant that the intuitive <Esc> key would not always be
treated as one would expect under any well behaved UI.
This patch ensures the expected <Esc> key behavior of:
terminating user input while still making possible the
necessary distinction between 'no input' & 'defaults'.
Reference(s):
http://www.freelists.org/post/procps/top-Escape-doesnt-abort-kill-command
Signed-off-by: Jim Warner <james.warner@comcast.net>
The granularity of /proc/uptime is fixed at hundredths
of a second. And, since we can cycle faster than that,
we are exposed to 'nan' when calculating elapsed time.
This commit will protect us from that outcome when the
delay interval has been set to an extremely low value.
Signed-off-by: Jim Warner <james.warner@comcast.net>
In addition to eliminating numerous single quote usage
this commit also escaped '\' a few overlooked hyphens.
And some 'unformatted' spacings were adjusted as well.
Signed-off-by: Jim Warner <james.warner@comcast.net>
The majority of changes in this commit are intended to
enable translation of top's man page. There were three
kinds of errors as seen by that po4a-updatepo program.
. a valid but unrecognized request concerning no-break
. an internally defined macro with a groff .de request
. occasional apostrophe at the beginning of some lines
With respect to the apostrophe, some have been changed
to back-tic since line placement could not be assured.
And other parts were re-flowed to avoid temptations to
escape as \' (technically an acute accent). Of course,
the opening back-tic with closing apostrophe looks odd
when ASCII, but should be rendered correctly as UTF-8.
It may yet be necessary to change the remaining single
'opening' quotes to back-tics as translation proceeds.
Should that become necessary, I intend to reduce quote
usage to the bare minimum throughout the man document.
There were also some formatting changes to enhance the
man2html output and then to other formats via htmldoc.
And, I wish to acknowledge that my meager groff skills
do not serve those programs very well at all. In other
words groff yet remains mostly incomprehensible to me.
Lastly a few content plus copyright updates were made.
Message(s):
. Unknown macro '.c2 `'. Remove it from the document, or refer to the Locale::Po4a::Man manpage to see how po4a can handle new macros.
. This page defines a new macro with '.de'. Since po4a is not a real groff parser, this is not supported.
. Unknown macro ''real time' scheduling priority.'. Remove it from the document, or refer to the Locale::Po4a::Man manpage to see how po4a can handle new macros.
Reference(s):
. oriiginal post/patch
http://www.freelists.org/post/procps/Translations-for-man-pages
Signed-off-by: Jim Warner <james.warner@comcast.net>
If a system's time is adjusted backwards, then elapsed
time could appear as negative. This yielded a negative
%CPU value. Alternately if zeros were suppressed ('0')
the result was a blank %CPU column. In both cases that
distortion would last for one display cycle or until a
user forced a display refresh via some keyboard input.
The original recommendation was trading gettimeofday()
for clock_gettime() using CLOCK_MONOTONIC. But on some
systems that might not be possible, forcing the use of
CLOCK_REALTIME instead. Not only would that complicate
the build system, but it may leave us with minus %CPU.
Another approach was to ensure that elapsed time could
never be negative. Of course, this produced distortion
of %CPU values but it would be proportionally correct.
This wasn't dissimilar to a distortion already present
should the time be adjusted forward or backward within
any 'remaining' top delay intervals. These aberrations
would be avoided with clock_gettime & CLOCK_MONOTONIC,
but that is a less than ideal solution as noted above.
This final solution, which originated down under, will
simply rely on the /proc/uptime seconds, which will be
immune to *any* tampering with the system clock. Thus,
we now have a fix for the distortion we didn't know we
suffered plus a negative %CPU that began this odyssey.
Thanks to:
sk.alvin.x@gmail.com, for the original effort
jcapik@redhat.com, for a heads up on CLOCK_MONOTONIC
csmall-procps@enc.com.au, for the best suggestion of all
Reference(s):
. original post/patch
http://www.freelists.org/post/procps/PATCH-top-use-clock-gettime-instead-of-gettimeofday
. heads up on CLOCK_MONOTONIC
http://www.freelists.org/post/procps/PATCH-top-use-clock-gettime-instead-of-gettimeofday,2
. the final solution
http://www.freelists.org/post/procps/PATCH-top-use-clock-gettime-instead-of-gettimeofday,11
Signed-off-by: Jim Warner <james.warner@comcast.net>
I ran into this limit with net.ipv4.ip_local_reserved_ports ,
sysctl complained about the line after the long line, further
slowing down my error hunting.
Due to fgets usage, increase buffer size to 4096 chars with
minimum amount of code changes.
Signed-off-by: Sami Farin <hvtaifwkbgefbaei@gmail.com>
Minor fixes that the translator (Yuri) has found in some of the
strings. You only know how many typos and thinkos you have when
someone is trying to translate it.
Signed-off-by: Craig Small <csmall@enc.com.au>
tmpfs has become much more widely used since distributions use it for
/tmp (Fedora 18+). In /proc/meminfo, memory used by tmpfs is accounted
into "Cached" (aka "NR_FILE_PAGES",
http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/mm/shmem.c#L301 ).
The tools just pass it on, so what top, free and vmstat report as
"cached" is the sum of page cache and tmpfs.
free has the extremely useful "-/+ buffers/cache" output. However, now
that tmpfs is accounted into "cached", those numbers are way off once
you have big files in /tmp.
Fortunately, kernel 2.6.32 introduces "Shmem", which makes tmpfs memory
usage accessible from userspace (
https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=4b02108ac1b3354a22b0d83c684797692efdc395 ).
This patch substracts Shmem from Cached to get the actual page cache
memory. This makes both issues mentioned above disappear. For older
kernels, Shmem is not available (hence zero) and this patch is no-op.
Additionally:
* Update the man pages of free and vmstat to explain what is happening
* Finally drop "MemShared" from the /proc/meminfo parser, it has been
dead for 10+ years and is only causing confusion ( removed in kernel
2.5.54, see
https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/tglx/history.git/commit/?id=fe04e9451e5a159247cf9f03c615a4273ac0c571 )
Since its inception top has always used enumerators to
identify displayable fields. They've taken the form of
P_PID, etc. As it turns out, something has changed for
libc6-dev versions beyond 2.17-93 wherein 'P_PID' will
now be exposed via stdlib.h. I have not pinpointed the
exact cause but it may depend on header include order.
This patch just trades top's long standing 'P_' prefix
convention for that of 'EU_' (short for enumerator). I
cannot find *any* header under /usr/include/ currently
utilizing this particular three character combination.
And as a further safeguard top will henceforth include
'system' specific headers after the standard includes.
Reference(s):
http://www.freelists.org/post/procps/top-wont-compile-anymore
Signed-off-by: Jim Warner <james.warner@comcast.net>
The get-trans target rsyncs the latest copies of translation files
from the translation project. I put this target in because I always
forget the exact syntax of the command.
Signed-off-by: Craig Small <csmall@enc.com.au>
When top originally responded to the potential libnuma
stderr write, the library was consistently called with
each refresh cycle. That, in turn, guaranteed that any
warning message would be seen at program end by virtue
of: 1) having been issued before the 2nd refresh cycle
and; 2) benefiting from inherited /dev/null buffering.
A later efficiency refactor meant the numa library may
not always be called with every refresh cycle. Rather,
it was only called if top was in one of two numa views
(the '2' or '3' toggles). That, in turn, resulted in a
loss of any warning message at program end unless numa
mode had been preserved in the rcfile. In other words,
if top was started normally then a single cycle stderr
redirect would have long passed by the time the '2' or
'3' toggle was activated. The warning message actually
was spewed but quickly lost to the full screen refresh
which follows all keyboard interactions with the user.
This commit simply moves the restoration of our stderr
redirect to program end (instead of that first display
refresh). Now, any libnuma stderr warning message will
appear as the concluding output line upon quitting top
without regard to when any numa mode view was invoked.
And since this technique might be useful in some other
context (as an example of how to 'buffer' stderr) it's
been generalized with its own #define. But to maximize
its usefulness, the original redirect should be issued
much earlier in pgm startup than top has chosen to do.
Reference(s):
. original libnuma stderr response (msg seen)
commit 35dc6dcc49
. numa refractoring for efficiency (msg lost)
commit f12c0d5c6e
Signed-off-by: Jim Warner <james.warner@comcast.net>
Previously the headers were printed directly without
the format specifier. That way is considered insecure
and leads to build errors with -Werror=format-security
flag set.
Once the write side of the pipe has been duped to stdout for the child,
the original pipefd is no longer needed, so it can be closed to avoid
leaking to the child.
The leak can easily be seen with "watch ls -l /proc/self/fd", but I
found this due to "watch lvs" diagnosing itself:
File descriptor 4 (pipe:[3163616]) leaked on lvs invocation.
Signed-off-by: Josh Stone <jistone@redhat.com>
From now the vmstat can append a timestamp to each line in the
VMSTAT and DISKSTAT mode. You can achieve that with the '-t'
switch.
The '-w' switch now works in the DISKSTAT mode too.
Benno Schulenberg suggested some changes to the help messages
to provide some consistency and clarity for both the users and
translators of procps.
The test needed to be updated as the pmap output changed too.
Signed-off-by: Craig Small <csmall@enc.com.au>
pgrep does not show the full command line when the -a and -u flags are
combined. The -a flag is ignored when the -u flag is used as well.
In addition, the supplied patch by Elliot did not fix the problem
when invert flag ( -v ) was used; a very small tweak to the patch
fixed this problem as well. This problem existed before.
Signed-off-by: Craig Small <csmall@enc.com.au>
Commit 4359cf0698 restored kill's ability
to kill PID -1. This however left PIDs -2 to -9 (or rather process
groups 2 to 9) still having this problem. The check is now generically
looking for a digit and parses it correctly.
vmstat -d or vmstat -p would crash mysteriously under different
circumstances. The problem was eventually tracked down to /sys not
being mounted which meant is_disk() always returned false.
The partition would then be attempted to be linked to a non-existent
disk causing a segfault.
vmstat will now not link to a disk if none exists.
The change in testing will skip those tests when /sys/block doesn't
exist.
Many thanks to Daniel Schepler for his analysis and suggestions.
Bug-Debian: http://bugs.debian.org/736628
Both the man page and the shell builtin kill mention you can
use PID -1, which means nuke everything you can get at.
Alas this "fun" option was missing and the only way to get
around it was with "kill -HUP -- -1".
This small change means kill -HUP -1 is back for all those
destructive types. The error was introduced when the argument
parser was fixed for other problems.
Thanks to Mike for pointing this out.
Signed-off-by: Craig Small <csmall@enc.com.au>
Under some circumstances the ksh shell doesn't fork new processes
when executing scripts and the script is interpreted by the
parent process. That makes the execution faster, but it means
ksh needs to reuse the /proc/PID/cmdline for the new script name
and arguments while the file length needs to stay untouched.
The fork is skipped only when the new cmdline is shorter than
the parent's cmdline and the rest of the file is filled
with '\0'. This is perfectly ok until we try to read the cmdline
of such process. As the read_unvectored() function replaces
all zeros with chosen separator, these trailing zeros are replaced
with spaces in case of the ps tool. Consequently it appends
multiple spaces at the end of the arguments string even when these
zeros do not represent any separators and therefore shouldn't
be replaced.
With this commit the read_unvectored() function skips the
replacement of trailing zeros and separates valid content only.
Reference: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1057600
8 digits per memory column is apparently still too low
for systems with 128TB of RAM. Anyway, setting the limit
to 999TB (12 digits) must be sufficient for now as it
produces wide gaps on "regular" computers.
This commit also increases the number of digits per cpu
columns from 2 to 3 as some of them can hit the 100%
maximum in corner cases.
Apparently there are occasions when NUMA nodes may not
always be contiguous. Under such conditions nodes that
were not used would still occupy precious Summary Area
space showing 100% idle, under the '2' command toggle.
With this commit top will no longer display numa nodes
that have no associated cpu when the '2' toggle is on.
But just in case we wish to return to former behavior,
a new #define called OFF_NUMASKIP has been introduced.
And as an aside, a recent refactor mentioned below set
the stage for this patch to be 'self-tuning'. In other
words, if an inactive/non-displayed node should become
active (if even possible), then top will begin showing
such a node automatically with the next screen update.
Unfortunately, all inactive nodes now 'suppressed' are
still accessible via the '3' command. Those nodes will
just be displayed as empty (no associated cpus shown).
This is not really a top problem but more of a libnuma
and/or user deficiency. The library lacks the means to
validate a node id and the user then input a node that
was not even shown under a '2' toggle Summary display.
( too bad libnuma does not offer an 'is_node_active' )
( type function so top could warn a user when such a )
( discontinuous node was requested using his '3' cmd )
( sure, top could achieve this objective himself but )
( that would require making yet another array global )
( which i'm just not in the mood to do - besides, we )
( have already made enough concessions to libnuma.so )
Lastly, an existing #define (PRETEND_NUMA) was changed
to 'disable' node #1 so as to simulate a discontinuous
node. This allows testing of the '2' and '3' commands.
Reference(s):
http://www.spinics.net/lists/util-linux-ng/msg08671.html
. set stage for self tuning
commit f12c0d5c6e
Signed-off-by: Jim Warner <james.warner@comcast.net>
SIGCONT is a continue signal. It seems that some zsh setups can send
this signal, causing ps to abort. This is not what "continue" means.
This change just uses the default handler which will continue a stopped
process.
References:
http://bugs.debian.org/732410http://www.zsh.org/cgi-bin/mla/redirect?WORKERNUMBER=32251
Signed-off-by: Craig Small <csmall@enc.com.au>
