ff05573f0d
Original report: When trying kill a process with insufficient privileges (see blow), pkill displays the error message “... failed: Operation not permitted”, but returns 0. Surely it should return 3? $ pkill syslogd ; echo $? pkill: killing pid 373 failed: Operation not permitted 0 Return value 0 means one of more things matched. For a pgrep (which shares code with pkill) this makes sense, there was a match. It seems wrong for pkill to return 0 when it in fact could not do what you told it to. However return value 3 means a fatal error and it's not fatal. Looking at other programs when trying to kill things it cannot kill. shell kill returns 1, procps kill returns 1, killall returns 1, skill returns 0 (and says it was successful!, ah well poor old skill) The consensus seems to be that you return 1 if you cannot kill it, even if you found it. In other words the return value for both not found and not able to kill it is the same. pkill only returns 0 if something was killed. This means we found a match AND the kill() system call worked too. References: https://bugs.debian.org/852758 Signed-off-by: Craig Small <csmall@enc.com.au>
257 lines
6.0 KiB
Groff
257 lines
6.0 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" Copyright 2000 Kjetil Torgrim Homme
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.\" 2017 Craig Small
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.\"
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.\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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.\" (at your option) any later version.
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.\"
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.TH PGREP "1" "2017-02-04" "procps-ng" "User Commands"
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.SH NAME
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pgrep, pkill \- look up or signal processes based on name and other attributes
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B pgrep
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[options] pattern
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.br
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.B pkill
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[options] pattern
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.B pgrep
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looks through the currently running processes and lists the process IDs which
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match the selection criteria to stdout. All the criteria have to match.
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For example,
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.IP
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$ pgrep \-u root sshd
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.PP
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will only list the processes called
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.B sshd
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AND owned by
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.BR root .
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On the other hand,
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.IP
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$ pgrep \-u root,daemon
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.PP
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will list the processes owned by
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.B root
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OR
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.BR daemon .
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.PP
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.B pkill
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will send the specified signal (by default
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.BR SIGTERM )
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to each process instead of listing them on stdout.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.TP
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\fB\-\fR\fIsignal\fP
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.TQ
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\fB\-\-signal\fR \fIsignal\fR
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Defines the signal to send to each matched process. Either the numeric or
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the symbolic signal name can be used.
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.RB ( pkill
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only.)
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.TP
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\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-count\fR
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Suppress normal output; instead print a count of matching processes. When
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count does not match anything, e.g. returns zero, the command will return
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non-zero value.
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.TP
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\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delimiter\fR \fIdelimiter\fP
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Sets the string used to delimit each process ID in the output (by default a
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newline).
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.RB ( pgrep
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only.)
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.TP
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\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-full\fR
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The
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.I pattern
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is normally only matched against the process name. When
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.B \-f
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is set, the full command line is used.
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.TP
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\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-pgroup\fR \fIpgrp\fP,...
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Only match processes in the process group IDs listed. Process group 0 is
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translated into
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.BR pgrep 's
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or
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.BR pkill 's
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own process group.
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.TP
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\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR \fIgid\fP,...
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Only match processes whose real group ID is listed. Either the numerical or
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symbolical value may be used.
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.TP
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\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-ignore\-case\fR
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Match processes case-insensitively.
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.TP
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\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\-name\fR
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List the process name as well as the process ID.
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.RB ( pgrep
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only.)
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.TP
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\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-list\-full\fR
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List the full command line as well as the process ID.
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.RB ( pgrep
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only.)
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.TP
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\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-newest\fR
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Select only the newest (most recently started) of the matching processes.
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.TP
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\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-oldest\fR
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Select only the oldest (least recently started) of the matching processes.
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.TP
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\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-parent\fR \fIppid\fP,...
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Only match processes whose parent process ID is listed.
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.TP
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\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-session\fR \fIsid\fP,...
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Only match processes whose process session ID is listed. Session ID 0
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is translated into
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.BR pgrep 's
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or
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.BR pkill 's
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own session ID.
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.TP
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\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-terminal\fR \fIterm\fP,...
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Only match processes whose controlling terminal is listed. The terminal name
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should be specified without the "/dev/" prefix.
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.TP
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\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-euid\fR \fIeuid\fP,...
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Only match processes whose effective user ID is listed. Either the numerical
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or symbolical value may be used.
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.TP
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\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR \fIuid\fP,...
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Only match processes whose real user ID is listed. Either the numerical or
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symbolical value may be used.
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.TP
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\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-inverse\fR\fR
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Negates the matching. This option is usually used in
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.BR pgrep 's
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context. In
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.BR pkill 's
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context the short option is disabled to avoid accidental usage of the option.
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.TP
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\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-lightweight\fR\fR
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Shows all thread ids instead of pids in
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.BR pgrep 's
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context. In
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.BR pkill 's
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context this option is disabled.
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.TP
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\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-exact\fR\fR
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Only match processes whose names (or command line if \-f is specified)
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.B exactly
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match the
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.IR pattern .
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.TP
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\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-pidfile\fR \fIfile\fR
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Read
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.IR PID 's
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from file. This option is perhaps more useful for
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.B pkill
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than
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.BR pgrep .
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.TP
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\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-logpidfile\fR
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Fail if pidfile (see -F) not locked.
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.TP
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\fB\-\-ns \fIpid\fP
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Match processes that belong to the same namespaces. Required to run as
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root to match processes from other users. See \-\-nslist for how to limit
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which namespaces to match.
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.TP
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\fB\-\-nslist \fIname\fP,...
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Match only the provided namespaces. Available namespaces:
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ipc, mnt, net, pid, user,uts.
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.TP
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\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
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Display version information and exit.
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.TP
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\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
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Display help and exit.
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.PD
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.SH OPERANDS
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.TP
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.I pattern
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Specifies an Extended Regular Expression for matching against the process
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names or command lines.
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.SH EXAMPLES
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Example 1: Find the process ID of the
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.B named
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daemon:
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.IP
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$ pgrep \-u root named
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.PP
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Example 2: Make
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.B syslog
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reread its configuration file:
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.IP
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$ pkill \-HUP syslogd
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.PP
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Example 3: Give detailed information on all
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.B xterm
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processes:
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.IP
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$ ps \-fp $(pgrep \-d, \-x xterm)
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.PP
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Example 4: Make all
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.B netscape
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processes run nicer:
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.IP
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$ renice +4 $(pgrep netscape)
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.SH "EXIT STATUS"
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.PD 0
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.TP
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0
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One or more processes matched the criteria. For pkill the process must also
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have been successfully signalled.
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.TP
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1
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No processes matched or none of them could be signalled.
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.TP
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2
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Syntax error in the command line.
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.TP
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3
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Fatal error: out of memory etc.
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.PD
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.SH NOTES
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The process name used for matching is limited to the 15 characters present in
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the output of /proc/\fIpid\fP/stat. Use the \-f option to match against the
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complete command line, /proc/\fIpid\fP/cmdline. Threads may not have the
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same process name as the parent process but will have the same command line.
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.PP
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The running
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.B pgrep
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or
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.B pkill
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process will never report itself as a
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match.
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.SH BUGS
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The options
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.B \-n
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and
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.B \-o
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and
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.B \-v
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can not be combined. Let
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me know if you need to do this.
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.PP
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Defunct processes are reported.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.BR ps (1),
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.BR regex (7),
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.BR signal (7),
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.BR killall (1),
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.BR skill (1),
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.BR kill (1),
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.BR kill (2)
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.SH AUTHOR
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.UR kjetilho@ifi.uio.no
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Kjetil Torgrim Homme
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.UE
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.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
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Please send bug reports to
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.UR procps@freelists.org
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.UE
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