2007-10-07 17:14:51 +05:30
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.\"$Id: passwd.5,v 1.7 2001/01/25 10:43:51 kloczek Exp $
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2007-10-07 17:14:44 +05:30
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.\" Copyright 1989 - 1990, Julianne Frances Haugh
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.TH PASSWD 5
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.SH NAME
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passwd \- The password file
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.I passwd
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contains various pieces of information for each user account.
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Included is
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.IP "" .5i
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Login name
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.IP "" .5i
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Optional encrypted password
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.IP "" .5i
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Numerical user ID
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.IP "" .5i
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Numerical group ID
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.IP "" .5i
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User name or comment field
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.IP "" .5i
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User home directory
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.IP "" .5i
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User command interpreter
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.PP
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The password field may not be filled if shadow passwords
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have been enabled.
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If shadow passwords are being used, the encrypted password will
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be found in \fI/etc/shadow\fR.
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The encryped password consists of 13 characters from the
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64 character alphabet
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a thru z, A thru Z, 0 thru 9, \. and /.
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Refer to \fBcrypt\fR(3) for details on how this string is
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interpreted.
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.PP
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An optional password age string may follow the encrypted
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password, separated by a comma, from the same alphabet
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as the password itself.
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The first character gives the number of weeks during which the
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password is valid.
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The second character gives the number of weeks which must pass
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before the user is permitted to change the password.
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The last two characters give the week since Jan 1970 when the
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password was last changed.
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When the number of weeks during which the password is valid
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have passed, the user will be required to provide a new
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password.
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.PP
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The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as
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\fBfinger\fR(1).
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Three additional values may be present in the comment field.
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They are
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.IP "" .5i
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pri= \- set initial value of nice
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.IP "" .5i
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umask= \- set initial value of umask
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.IP "" .5i
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ulimit= \- set initial value of ulimit
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.PP
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These fields are separated from each other and from any other
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comment field by a comma.
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.PP
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The home directory field provides the name of the initial
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working directory.
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\fBLogin\fR uses this information to set the value of
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the \fBHOME\fR environmental variable.
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.PP
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The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's
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command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program
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to execute.
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\fBLogin\fR uses this information to set the value of the
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\fBSHELL\fR environmental variable.
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If this field is empty, it defaults to the value \fB/bin/sh\fR.
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.SH FILES
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/etc/passwd \- user account information
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.SH SEE ALSO
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.BR login (1),
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.BR passwd (1),
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.BR su (1),
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.BR sulogin (8),
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.BR shadow (5),
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.BR pwconv (8),
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.BR pwunconv (8)
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.SH AUTHOR
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Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com)
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