472 lines
15 KiB
XML
472 lines
15 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!--
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SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
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SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
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SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
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-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY ENCRYPT_METHOD SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENCRYPT_METHOD.xml">
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<!ENTITY GID_MAX SYSTEM "login.defs.d/GID_MAX.xml">
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<!ENTITY HOME_MODE SYSTEM "login.defs.d/HOME_MODE.xml">
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<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
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<!ENTITY MD5_CRYPT_ENAB SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.xml">
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<!ENTITY PASS_MAX_DAYS SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml">
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<!ENTITY PASS_MIN_DAYS SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml">
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<!ENTITY PASS_WARN_AGE SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_WARN_AGE.xml">
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<!ENTITY SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS.xml">
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<!ENTITY SUB_GID_COUNT SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SUB_GID_COUNT.xml">
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<!ENTITY SUB_UID_COUNT SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SUB_UID_COUNT.xml">
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<!ENTITY SYS_GID_MAX SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYS_GID_MAX.xml">
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<!ENTITY SYS_UID_MAX SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYS_UID_MAX.xml">
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<!ENTITY UID_MAX SYSTEM "login.defs.d/UID_MAX.xml">
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<!ENTITY UMASK SYSTEM "login.defs.d/UMASK.xml">
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<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
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]>
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<refentry id='newusers.8'>
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<!-- $Id$ -->
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<refentryinfo>
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<author>
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<firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
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<surname>Haugh</surname>
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<contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Thomas</firstname>
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<surname>Kłoczko</surname>
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<email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
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<contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
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<surname>François</surname>
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<email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
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<contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
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</author>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
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<refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
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<refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv id='name'>
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<refname>newusers</refname>
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<refpurpose>update and create new users in batch</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<!-- body begins here -->
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<refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>newusers</command>
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<arg choice='opt'>
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<replaceable>options</replaceable>
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</arg>
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<arg choice='opt'>
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<replaceable>file</replaceable>
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</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1 id='description'>
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<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
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<para>
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The <command>newusers</command> command reads a <replaceable>file</replaceable> (or the standard input by default)
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and uses this information to update a set
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of existing users or to create new users. Each line is in the same format
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as the standard password file (see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>) with the exceptions explained below:
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</para>
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<para>pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell</para>
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<variablelist remap='IP'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<emphasis remap='I'>pw_name</emphasis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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This is the name of the user.
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</para>
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<para>
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It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing
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user (or a user created before by
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<command>newusers</command>). In case of an existing user,
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the user's information will be changed, otherwise a new user
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will be created.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<emphasis remap='I'>pw_passwd</emphasis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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This field will be encrypted and used as the new value of the
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encrypted password.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<emphasis remap='I'>pw_uid</emphasis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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This field is used to define the UID of the user.
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</para>
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<para>
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If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined
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automatically by <command>newusers</command>.
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</para>
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<para>
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If this field contains a number, this number will be used as
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the UID.
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</para>
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<para>
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If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the
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name of a user created before by
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<command>newusers</command>), the UID of the specified user
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will be used.
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</para>
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<para>
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If the UID of an existing user is changed, the files ownership
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of the user's file should be fixed manually.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<emphasis remap='I'>pw_gid</emphasis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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This field is used to define the primary group ID for the user.
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</para>
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<para>
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If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a
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group created before by <command>newusers</command>), the GID
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of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the
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user.
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</para>
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<para>
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If this field is a number, this number will be used as the
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primary group ID of the user. If no groups exist with this
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GID, a new group will be created with this GID, and the name
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of the user.
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</para>
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<para>
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If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the
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name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by
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<command>newusers</command> to be used as the primary group ID
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for the user and as the GID for the new group.
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</para>
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<para>
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If this field contains the name of a group which does not
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exist (and was not created before by
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<command>newusers</command>), a new group will be created with
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the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by
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<command>newusers</command> to be used as the primary group ID
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for the user and GID for the new group.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<emphasis remap='I'>pw_gecos</emphasis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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This field is copied in the GECOS field of the user.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<emphasis remap='I'>pw_dir</emphasis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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This field is used to define the home directory of the user.
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</para>
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<para>
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If this field does not specify an existing directory, the
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specified directory is created, with ownership set to the
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user being created or updated and its primary group. Note
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that <emphasis>newusers does not create parent directories
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</emphasis> of the new user's home directory. The newusers
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command will fail to create the home directory if the parent
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directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr
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informing the user of the failure. The newusers command will
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not halt or return a failure to the calling shell if it fails
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to create the home directory, it will continue to process the
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batch of new users specified.
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</para>
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<para>
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If the home directory of an existing user is changed,
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<command>newusers</command> does not move or copy the content
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of the old directory to the new location. This should be done
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manually.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<emphasis remap='I'>pw_shell</emphasis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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This field defines the shell of the user.
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No checks are performed on this field.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>
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<command>newusers</command> first tries to create or change all the
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specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group
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databases. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the
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databases), no changes are committed to the databases.
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</para>
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<para condition="pam">
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During this first pass, users are created with a locked password
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(and passwords are not changed for the users which are not created).
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A second pass is used to update the passwords using PAM. Failures
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to update a password are reported, but will not stop the other
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password updates.
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</para>
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<para>
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This command is intended to be used in a large system environment
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where many accounts are updated at a single time.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='options'>
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<title>OPTIONS</title>
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<para>
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The options which apply to the <command>newusers</command> command are:
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</para>
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<variablelist remap='IP'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>--badname</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Allow names that do not conform to standards.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<variablelist remap='IP' condition="no_pam">
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords.</para>
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<para>
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The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512
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if your libc support these methods.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<variablelist remap='IP'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Display help message and exit.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-r</option>, <option>--system</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Create a system account.
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</para>
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<para>
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System users will be created with no aging information in
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<filename>/etc/shadow</filename>, and their numeric
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identifiers are chosen in the
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<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>
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range, defined in <filename>login.defs</filename>, instead of
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<option>UID_MIN</option>-<option>UID_MAX</option> (and their
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<option>GID</option> counterparts for the creation of groups).
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option> <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
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directory and use the configuration files from the
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<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
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Only absolute paths are supported.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<variablelist remap='IP' condition="no_pam">
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<varlistentry condition="sha_crypt">
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<term><option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords.
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</para>
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<para>
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The value 0 means that the system will choose the default
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number of rounds for the crypt method (5000).
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</para>
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<para>
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A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999
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will be enforced.
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</para>
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<para>
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You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512
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crypt method.
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</para>
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<para>
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By default, the number of rounds is defined by the
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SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
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<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='caveats'>
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<title>CAVEATS</title>
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<para>
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The input file must be protected since it contains unencrypted
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passwords.
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</para>
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<para condition="no_pam">
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You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect
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the system's password policy.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='configuration'>
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<title>CONFIGURATION</title>
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<para>
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The following configuration variables in
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<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
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tool:
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</para>
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<variablelist condition="no_pam">
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&ENCRYPT_METHOD;
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</variablelist>
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<variablelist>
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&GID_MAX; <!-- documents also GID_MIN -->
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&HOME_MODE;
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&MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
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</variablelist>
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<variablelist condition="no_pam">
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&MD5_CRYPT_ENAB;
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</variablelist>
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<variablelist>
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&PASS_MAX_DAYS;
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&PASS_MIN_DAYS;
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&PASS_WARN_AGE;
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</variablelist>
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<variablelist condition="no_pam">
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&SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS; <!-- documents also SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS-->
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</variablelist>
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<variablelist>
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&SUB_GID_COUNT; <!-- documents also SUB_GID_MAX and SUB_GID_MIN -->
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&SUB_UID_COUNT; <!-- documents also SUB_UID_MAX and SUB_UID_MIN -->
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&SYS_GID_MAX; <!-- documents also SYS_GID_MIN -->
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&SYS_UID_MAX; <!-- documents also SYS_UID_MIN -->
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&UID_MAX; <!-- documents also UID_MIN -->
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&UMASK;
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='files'>
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<title>FILES</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>User account information.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Secure user account information.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Group account information.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry condition="gshadow">
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<term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Secure group account information.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry condition="pam">
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<term><filename>/etc/pam.d/newusers</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>PAM configuration for <command>newusers</command>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry condition="subids">
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<term><filename>/etc/subgid</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Per user subordinate group IDs.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry condition="subids">
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<term><filename>/etc/subuid</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Per user subordinate user IDs.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
|
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|
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<refsect1 id='see_also'>
|
|
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
|
|
<phrase condition="subids">
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
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<refentrytitle>subgid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
|
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<citerefentry>
|
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<refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
|
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</phrase>
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<citerefentry>
|
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<refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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