941 lines
32 KiB
XML
941 lines
32 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!--
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SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
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SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
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SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
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-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY CREATE_HOME SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CREATE_HOME.xml">
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<!ENTITY GID_MAX SYSTEM "login.defs.d/GID_MAX.xml">
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<!ENTITY HOME_MODE SYSTEM "login.defs.d/HOME_MODE.xml">
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<!ENTITY LASTLOG_UID_MAX SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LASTLOG_UID_MAX.xml">
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<!ENTITY MAIL_DIR SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAIL_DIR.xml">
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<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
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<!ENTITY PASS_MAX_DAYS SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml">
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<!ENTITY PASS_MIN_DAYS SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml">
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<!ENTITY PASS_WARN_AGE SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_WARN_AGE.xml">
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<!ENTITY SUB_GID_COUNT SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SUB_GID_COUNT.xml">
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<!ENTITY SUB_UID_COUNT SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SUB_UID_COUNT.xml">
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<!ENTITY SYS_GID_MAX SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYS_GID_MAX.xml">
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<!ENTITY SYS_UID_MAX SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYS_UID_MAX.xml">
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<!ENTITY UID_MAX SYSTEM "login.defs.d/UID_MAX.xml">
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<!ENTITY UMASK SYSTEM "login.defs.d/UMASK.xml">
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<!ENTITY TCB_AUTH_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TCB_AUTH_GROUP.xml">
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<!ENTITY TCB_SYMLINKS SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TCB_SYMLINKS.xml">
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<!ENTITY USE_TCB SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml">
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<!ENTITY USERGROUPS_ENAB SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USERGROUPS_ENAB.xml">
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<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
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]>
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<refentry id='useradd.8'>
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<!-- $Id$ -->
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<refentryinfo>
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<author>
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<firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
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<surname>Haugh</surname>
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<contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Thomas</firstname>
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<surname>Kłoczko</surname>
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<email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
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<contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
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<surname>François</surname>
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<email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
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<contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
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</author>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
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<refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
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<refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv id='name'>
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<refname>useradd</refname>
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<refpurpose>create a new user or update default new user information</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>useradd</command>
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<arg choice='opt'>
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<replaceable>options</replaceable>
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</arg>
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<arg choice='plain'><replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>useradd</command>
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<arg choice='plain'>-D </arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>useradd</command>
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<arg choice='plain'>-D </arg>
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<arg choice='opt'>
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<replaceable>options</replaceable>
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</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1 id='description'>
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<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
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<para>
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When invoked without the <option>-D</option> option, the
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<command>useradd</command> command creates a new user account using
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the values specified on the command line plus the default values from
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the system. Depending on command line options, the
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<command>useradd</command> command
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will update system files and may also create the new user's home
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directory and copy initial files.
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</para>
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<para>
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By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see
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<option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option>, <option>-U</option>, and
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<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option>).
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='options'>
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<title>OPTIONS</title>
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<para>The options which apply to the <command>useradd</command> command are:
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</para>
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<variablelist remap='IP'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>--badname</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Allow names that do not conform to standards.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-b</option>, <option>--base-dir</option> <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The default base directory for the system if
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<option>-d</option> <replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>
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is not specified. <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> is
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concatenated with the account name to define the home
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directory.
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</para>
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<para>
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If this option is not specified, <command>useradd</command>
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will use the base directory specified by the
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<option>HOME</option> variable in
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<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or
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<filename>/home</filename> by default.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option> <replaceable>COMMENT</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Any text string. It is generally a short description of the
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account, and is currently used as the field for the user's full
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name.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-d</option>, <option>--home-dir</option> <replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The new user will be created using
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<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> as the value for the
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user's login directory. The default is to append the
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<replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> name to
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<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> and use that as the
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login directory name. If the directory
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<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> does not exist, then
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it will be created unless the <option>-M</option> option
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is specified.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-D</option>, <option>--defaults</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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See below, the subsection "Changing the default values".
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option> <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is
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specified in the format <emphasis remap='I'>YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>.
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</para>
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<para>
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If not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the
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default expiry date specified by the <option>EXPIRE</option>
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variable in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or
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an empty string (no expiry) by default.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option> <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum
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age where the user is expected to replace this password. The value
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is stored in the shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an
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expired password with no delay. An input of -1 will blank the
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respective field in the shadow password file. See <citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>for more information.
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</para>
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<para>
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If not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the
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default inactivity period specified by the
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<option>INACTIVE</option> variable in
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<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or -1 by default.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-F</option>, <option>--add-subids-for-system</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Update <filename>/etc/subuid</filename> and <filename>
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/etc/subgid</filename> even when creating a system account
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with <option>-r</option> option.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option> <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The name or the number of the user's primary group. The
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group name must exist. A group number must refer to an already
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existing group.
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</para>
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<para>
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If not specified, the behavior of <command>useradd</command>
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will depend on the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> variable
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in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>. If this variable is
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set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable> (or
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<option>-U/--user-group</option> is specified on the command
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line), a group will be created for the user, with the same
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name as her loginname. If the variable is set to
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<replaceable>no</replaceable> (or
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<option>-N/--no-user-group</option> is specified on the
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command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new
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user to the value specified by the <option>GROUP</option>
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variable in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or
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1000 by default.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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|
<term>
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<option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option> <replaceable>GROUP1</replaceable>[<emphasis remap='I'>,GROUP2,...</emphasis>[<emphasis remap='I'>,GROUPN</emphasis>]]]
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</term>
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<listitem>
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|
<para>
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A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member
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of. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no
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intervening whitespace. The groups are subject to the same
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restrictions as the group given with the <option>-g</option>
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option. The default is for the user to belong only to the
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initial group. In addition to passing in the -G flag, you can
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add the option <option>GROUPS</option> to the file <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>
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which in turn will add all users to those supplementary groups.
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</para>
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|
</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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|
<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
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<listitem>
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|
<para>Display help message and exit.</para>
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</listitem>
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|
</varlistentry>
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|
<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-k</option>, <option>--skel</option> <replaceable>SKEL_DIR</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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|
<para>
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|
The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories
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to be copied in the user's home directory, when the home
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|
directory is created by <command>useradd</command>.
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</para>
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|
<para>
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|
This option is only valid if the <option>-m</option> (or
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<option>--create-home</option>) option is specified.
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|
</para>
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|
<para>
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|
If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined
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|
by the <option>SKEL</option> variable in
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<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> or, by default,
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<filename>/etc/skel</filename>.
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</para>
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|
<para>
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|
If possible, the ACLs and extended attributes are copied.
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|
</para>
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|
</listitem>
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|
</varlistentry>
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|
<varlistentry>
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|
<term>
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|
<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option> <replaceable>KEY</replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>
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</term>
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|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
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|
Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults
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(<option>UID_MIN</option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>,
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<option>UMASK</option>, <option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option>
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|
and others).
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</para>
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|
<para>
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|
Example:
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|
<option>-K</option> <replaceable>PASS_MAX_DAYS
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</replaceable>=<replaceable>-1</replaceable> can be used
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|
when creating an account to turn off password aging.
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|
Multiple <option>-K</option> options can be specified,
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|
e.g.:
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<option>-K</option> <replaceable>UID_MIN</replaceable>
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=<replaceable>100</replaceable> <option>-K</option>
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<replaceable>UID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>
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</para>
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|
<!--para>
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Note: <option>-K</option> <replaceable>UID_MIN</replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>UID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>
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doesn't work yet.
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</para-->
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|
</listitem>
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|
</varlistentry>
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|
<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-l</option>, <option>--no-log-init</option></term>
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|
<listitem>
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|
<para>
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|
Do not add the user to the lastlog and faillog databases.
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</para>
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<para>
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By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog
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databases are reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously
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deleted user.
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</para>
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<para>
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If this option is not specified, <command>useradd</command>
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will also consult the variable <option>LOG_INIT</option> in
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the <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> if set to no
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the user will not be added to the lastlog and faillog databases.
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</para>
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|
</listitem>
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|
</varlistentry>
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|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
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|
<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>
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|
</term>
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|
<listitem>
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|
<para>
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|
Create the user's home directory if it does not exist.
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|
The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory
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(which can be defined with the <option>-k</option> option)
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will be copied to the home directory.
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|
</para>
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|
<para>
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|
By default, if this option is not specified and
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<option>CREATE_HOME</option> is not enabled, no home
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directories are created.
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|
</para>
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|
<para>
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|
The directory where the user's home directory is created must
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exist and have proper SELinux context and permissions. Otherwise
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the user's home directory cannot be created or accessed.
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|
</para>
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|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
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|
<option>-M</option>, <option>--no-create-home</option>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Do not create the user's home directory, even if the system
|
|
wide setting from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>
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|
(<option>CREATE_HOME</option>) is set to
|
|
<replaceable>yes</replaceable>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-N</option>, <option>--no-user-group</option>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but
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|
add the user to the group specified by the <option>-g</option>
|
|
option or by the <option>GROUP</option> variable in
|
|
<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The default behavior (if the <option>-g</option>,
|
|
<option>-N</option>, and <option>-U</option> options are not
|
|
specified) is defined by the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option>
|
|
variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
allows the creation of an account with an already existing
|
|
UID.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option is only valid in combination with the
|
|
<option>-u</option> option. As a user identity
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|
serves as
|
|
key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file
|
|
ownerships and other aspects that determine the system's
|
|
behavior on the other hand, more than one login name
|
|
will access the account of the given UID.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option> <replaceable>PASSWORD</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
defines an initial password for the account. PASSWORD is expected to
|
|
be encrypted, as returned by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt
|
|
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Within a
|
|
shell script, this option allows to create efficiently
|
|
batches of users.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Without this option, the new account will be locked and
|
|
with no password defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark
|
|
in the respective field of
|
|
<filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. This is a state where the
|
|
user won't be able to access the account or to define a
|
|
password himself.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">Note:</emphasis>Avoid this option on the command
|
|
line because the password (or encrypted password) will
|
|
be visible by users listing the processes.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You should make sure the password respects the system's
|
|
password policy.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-r</option>, <option>--system</option>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Create a system account.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
System users will be created with no aging information in
|
|
<filename>/etc/shadow</filename>, and their numeric
|
|
identifiers are chosen in the
|
|
<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>
|
|
range, defined in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, instead of
|
|
<option>UID_MIN</option>-<option>UID_MAX</option> (and their
|
|
<option>GID</option> counterparts for the creation of groups).
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Note that <command>useradd</command> will not create a home
|
|
directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting
|
|
in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>
|
|
(<option>CREATE_HOME</option>). You have to specify the
|
|
<option>-m</option> options if you want a home directory for a
|
|
system account to be created.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Note that this option will not update <filename>/etc/subuid
|
|
</filename> and <filename>/etc/subgid</filename>. You have to
|
|
specify the <option>-F</option> options if you want to update
|
|
the files for a system account to be created.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option> <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
|
|
directory and use the configuration files from the
|
|
<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
|
|
Only absolute paths are supported.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-P</option>, <option>--prefix</option> <replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem
|
|
found under the directory <replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable>.
|
|
This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation
|
|
target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are
|
|
not verified. PAM authentication is using the host files.
|
|
No SELINUX support.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option> <replaceable>SHELL</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
sets the path to the user's login shell. Without this option,
|
|
the system will use the <option>SHELL</option> variable specified
|
|
in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or, if that is as
|
|
well not set, the field for the login shell in <filename>/etc/passwd
|
|
</filename> remains empty.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option> <replaceable>UID</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique,
|
|
unless the <option>-o</option> option is used. The value must be
|
|
non-negative. The default is to use the smallest ID value
|
|
greater than or equal to <option>UID_MIN</option> and greater
|
|
than every other user.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
See also the <option>-r</option> option and the
|
|
<option>UID_MAX</option> description.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-U</option>, <option>--user-group</option>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Create a group with the same name as the user, and
|
|
add the user to this group.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The default behavior (if the <option>-g</option>,
|
|
<option>-N</option>, and <option>-U</option> options are not
|
|
specified) is defined by the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option>
|
|
variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option> <replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
defines the SELinux user for the new account. Without this
|
|
option, SELinux uses the default user. Note that the
|
|
shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>semanage</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for that.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>--selinux-range</option> <replaceable>SERANGE</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
defines the SELinux MLS range for the new account. Without this
|
|
option, SELinux uses the default range. Note that the
|
|
shadow system doesn't store the selinux-range, it uses
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>semanage</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for that.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option is only valid if the <option>-Z</option> (or
|
|
<option>--selinux-user</option>) option is specified.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2 id='changing_the_default_values'>
|
|
<title>Changing the default values</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
When invoked with only the <option>-D</option> option,
|
|
<command>useradd</command> will display the current default values.
|
|
When invoked with <option>-D</option> plus other options,
|
|
<command>useradd</command> will update the default values for the
|
|
specified options. Valid default-changing options are:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<variablelist remap='IP'>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-b</option>, <option>--base-dir</option> <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
sets the path prefix for a new user's home directory. The
|
|
user's name will be affixed to the end of
|
|
<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> to form the new user's
|
|
home directory name, if the <option>-d</option> option is not used
|
|
when creating a new account.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option sets the <option>HOME</option> variable in
|
|
<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option> <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled.</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option sets the <option>EXPIRE</option> variable in
|
|
<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option> <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum
|
|
age where the user is expected to replace this password. See <citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>for more information.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option sets the <option>INACTIVE</option> variable in
|
|
<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option> <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>sets the default primary group for newly created users,
|
|
accepting group names or a numerical group ID. The named
|
|
group must exist, and the GID must have an
|
|
existing entry.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option sets the <option>GROUP</option> variable in
|
|
<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option> <replaceable>SHELL</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
defines the default login shell for new users.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option sets the <option>SHELL</option> variable in
|
|
<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id='notes'>
|
|
<title>NOTES</title>
|
|
<para>The system administrator is responsible for placing the default
|
|
user files in the <filename>/etc/skel/</filename> directory (or any
|
|
other skeleton directory specified in
|
|
<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> or on the command line).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id='caveats'>
|
|
<title>CAVEATS</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group. This must be
|
|
performed on the corresponding server.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user
|
|
database such as NIS or LDAP, <command>useradd</command> will deny
|
|
the user account creation request.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits,
|
|
underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign.
|
|
|
|
Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the username.
|
|
Fully numeric usernames and usernames . or .. are
|
|
also disallowed. It is not recommended to use usernames beginning
|
|
with . character as their home directories will be hidden in
|
|
the <command>ls</command> output.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id='configuration'>
|
|
<title>CONFIGURATION</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The following configuration variables in
|
|
<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
|
|
tool:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
&CREATE_HOME;
|
|
&GID_MAX; <!-- documents also GID_MIN -->
|
|
&HOME_MODE;
|
|
&LASTLOG_UID_MAX;
|
|
&MAIL_DIR;
|
|
&MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
|
|
&PASS_MAX_DAYS;
|
|
&PASS_MIN_DAYS;
|
|
&PASS_WARN_AGE;
|
|
&SUB_GID_COUNT; <!-- documents also SUB_GID_MAX and SUB_GID_MIN -->
|
|
&SUB_UID_COUNT; <!-- documents also SUB_UID_MAX and SUB_UID_MIN -->
|
|
&SYS_GID_MAX; <!-- documents also SYS_GID_MIN -->
|
|
&SYS_UID_MAX; <!-- documents also SYS_UID_MIN -->
|
|
&TCB_AUTH_GROUP;
|
|
&TCB_SYMLINKS;
|
|
&UID_MAX; <!-- documents also UID_MIN -->
|
|
&UMASK;
|
|
&USE_TCB;
|
|
&USERGROUPS_ENAB;
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id='files'>
|
|
<title>FILES</title>
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>User account information.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Secure user account information.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Group account information.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry condition="gshadow">
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Secure group account information.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Default values for account creation.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-pre.d/*</filename>, <filename>/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-post.d/*</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Run-part files to execute during user addition. The environment variable <command>ACTION</command> will be populated with useradd and <command>SUBJECT</command> with the <command>username</command>. <filename>useradd-pre.d</filename> will be executed prior to any user addition. <filename>useradd-post.d</filename> will execute after user addition. If a script exits non-zero then execution will terminate.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/skel/</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Directory containing default files.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry condition="subids">
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/subgid</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Per user subordinate group IDs.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry condition="subids">
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/subuid</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Per user subordinate user IDs.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id='exit_values'>
|
|
<title>EXIT VALUES</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <command>useradd</command> command exits with the following values:
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable>0</replaceable></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>success</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable>1</replaceable></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>can't update password file</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable>2</replaceable></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>invalid command syntax</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable>3</replaceable></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>invalid argument to option</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable>4</replaceable></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>UID already in use (and no <option>-o</option>)</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable>6</replaceable></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>specified group doesn't exist</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable>9</replaceable></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>username or group name already in use</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable>10</replaceable></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>can't update group file</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable>12</replaceable></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>can't create home directory</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable>14</replaceable></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>can't update SELinux user mapping</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id='see_also'>
|
|
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<phrase condition="subids">
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>subgid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
</phrase>
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
</refentry>
|