665 lines
22 KiB
XML
665 lines
22 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!--
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SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
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SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
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SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
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-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY LASTLOG_UID_MAX SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LASTLOG_UID_MAX.xml">
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<!ENTITY MAIL_DIR SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAIL_DIR.xml">
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<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
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<!ENTITY SUB_GID_COUNT SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SUB_GID_COUNT.xml">
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<!ENTITY SUB_UID_COUNT SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SUB_UID_COUNT.xml">
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<!ENTITY TCB_SYMLINKS SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TCB_SYMLINKS.xml">
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<!ENTITY USE_TCB SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml">
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<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
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]>
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<refentry id='usermod.8'>
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<!-- $Id$ -->
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<refentryinfo>
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<author>
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<firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
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<surname>Haugh</surname>
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<contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Thomas</firstname>
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<surname>Kłoczko</surname>
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<email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
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<contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
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<surname>François</surname>
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<email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
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<contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
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</author>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
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<refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
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<refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv id='name'>
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<refname>usermod</refname>
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<refpurpose>modify a user account</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>usermod</command>
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<arg choice='opt'>
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<replaceable>options</replaceable>
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</arg>
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<arg choice='plain'><replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1 id='description'>
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<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
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<para>
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The <command>usermod</command> command modifies the system account
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files.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='options'>
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<title>OPTIONS</title>
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<para>
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The options which apply to the <command>usermod</command> command
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are:
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the
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<option>-G</option> option.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-b</option>, <option>--badname</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Allow names that do not conform to standards.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option> <replaceable>COMMENT</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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update the comment field of the user in <filename>/etc/passwd
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</filename>, which is normally modified using the <citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry> utility.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option> <replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The user's new login directory.
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</para>
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<para>
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If the <option>-m</option>
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option is given, the contents of the current home directory will
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be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does
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not already exist. If the current home directory does not exist
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the new home directory will not be created.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option> <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The date on which the user account will be disabled. The
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date is specified in the format
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<emphasis remap="I">YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>. Integers as input are
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interpreted as days after 1970-01-01.
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</para>
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<para>
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An input of -1 or an empty string will blank the account
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expiration field in the shadow password file. The account
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will remain available with no date limit.
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</para>
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<para>
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This option requires a <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file.
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A <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> entry will be created if
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there were none.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option> <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum
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age during which the user may still login by immediately replacing
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the password. This grace period before the account becomes inactive
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is stored in the shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an
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expired password with no delay. An input of -1 will blank the
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respective field in the shadow password file. See <citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry> for more information.
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</para>
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<para>
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This option requires a <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file.
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A <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> entry will be created if
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there were none.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option> <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The name or numerical ID of the user's new primary group.
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The group must exist.
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</para>
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<para>
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Any file from the user's home directory owned by the previous
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primary group of the user will be owned by this new group.
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</para>
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<para>
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The group ownership of files outside of the user's home directory
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must be fixed manually.
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</para>
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<para>
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The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user's
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home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is
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different from the current or new user id. This is a safety measure
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for special home directories such as <filename>/</filename>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option> <replaceable>GROUP1</replaceable>[<emphasis remap='I'>,GROUP2,...</emphasis>[<emphasis remap='I'>,GROUPN</emphasis>]]]
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member
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of. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no
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intervening whitespace. The groups must exist.
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</para>
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<para>
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If the user is currently a member of a group which is
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not listed, the user will be removed from the group. This
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behaviour can be changed via the <option>-a</option> option, which
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appends the user to the current supplementary group list.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option> <replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The name of the user will be changed from
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<replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> to
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<replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>. Nothing else is changed. In
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particular, the user's home directory or mail spool should
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probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the
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encrypted password, effectively disabling the password. You
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can't use this option with <option>-p</option> or
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<option>-U</option>.
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</para>
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<para>
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Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a
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password), you should also set the
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<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> to
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<replaceable>1</replaceable>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-m</option>, <option>--move-home</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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moves the content of the user's home directory to the new
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location. If the current home directory does not exist
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the new home directory will not be created.
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</para>
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<para>
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This option is only valid in combination with the
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<option>-d</option> (or <option>--home</option>) option.
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</para>
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<para>
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<command>usermod</command> will try to adapt the ownership of the
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files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but
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manual changes might be needed afterwards.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value.
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</para>
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<para>
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This option is only valid in combination with the
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<option>-u</option> option. As a user identity
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serves as
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key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file
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ownerships and other aspects that determine the system's
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behavior on the other hand, more than one login name
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will access the account of the given UID.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option> <replaceable>PASSWORD</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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defines a new password for the user. PASSWORD is expected to
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be encrypted, as returned by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt
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</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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<para>
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<emphasis role="bold">Note:</emphasis> Avoid this option on the
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command line because the password (or encrypted password) will
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be visible by users listing the processes.
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</para>
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<para condition="pam">
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The password will be written in the local
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<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> or
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<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file. This might differ from the
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password database configured in your PAM configuration.
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</para>
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<para>
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You should make sure the password respects the system's
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password policy.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Remove the user from named supplementary group(s). Use only with the
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<option>-G</option> option.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option> <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
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directory and use the configuration files from the
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<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
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Only absolute paths are supported.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-P</option>, <option>--prefix</option> <replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Apply changes within the directory tree starting with
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<replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable> and use as well the
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configuration files located there. This option does not
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chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation
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target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are
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not verified. PAM authentication is using the host
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files. No SELINUX support.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option> <replaceable>SHELL</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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changes the user's login shell. An empty string for SHELL blanks the
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field in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and logs the user into the
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system's default shell.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option> <replaceable>UID</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The new value of the user's ID.
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</para>
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<para>
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This value must be unique,
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unless the <option>-o</option> option is used. The value must be
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non-negative.
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</para>
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<para>
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The user's mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are
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located in the user's home
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directory will have the file user ID changed automatically.
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</para>
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<para>
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The ownership of files outside of the user's home directory
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must be fixed manually.
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</para>
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<para>
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The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user's
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home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is
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different from the current or new user id. This is a safety measure
|
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for special home directories such as <filename>/</filename>.
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</para>
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<para>
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No checks will be performed with regard to the
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<option>UID_MIN</option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>,
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<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>, or <option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>
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from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the
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encrypted password. You can't use this option with
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<option>-p</option> or <option>-L</option>.
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</para>
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<para>
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Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a
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password), you should also set the
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<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> (for example to
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<replaceable>99999</replaceable>, or to the
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<option>EXPIRE</option> value from
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<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>).
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry condition="subids">
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<term>
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<option>-v</option>, <option>--add-subuids</option> <replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account.
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</para>
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<para>
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This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user's account.
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</para>
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<para>
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No checks will be performed with regard to
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<option>SUB_UID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_UID_MAX</option>, or
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<option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> from /etc/login.defs.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry condition="subids">
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<term>
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<option>-V</option>, <option>--del-subuids</option> <replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account.
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</para>
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<para>
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This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user's account.
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When both <option>--del-subuids</option> and <option>--add-subuids</option> are specified,
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the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added.
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</para>
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<para>
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No checks will be performed with regard to
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<option>SUB_UID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_UID_MAX</option>, or
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<option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> from /etc/login.defs.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry condition="subids">
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<term>
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<option>-w</option>, <option>--add-subgids</option> <replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account.
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</para>
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<para>
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This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user's account.
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</para>
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<para>
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No checks will be performed with regard to
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<option>SUB_GID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_GID_MAX</option>, or
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<option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> from /etc/login.defs.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry condition="subids">
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<term>
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<option>-W</option>, <option>--del-subgids</option> <replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account.
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</para>
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<para>
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This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user's account.
|
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When both <option>--del-subgids</option> and <option>--add-subgids</option> are specified,
|
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the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added.
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</para>
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<para>
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No checks will be performed with regard to
|
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<option>SUB_GID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_GID_MAX</option>, or
|
|
<option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> from /etc/login.defs.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option> <replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
defines the SELinux user to be mapped with
|
|
<replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable>. An empty string ("")
|
|
will remove the respective entry (if any). Note that the
|
|
shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses
|
|
semanage(8) for that.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>--selinux-range</option> <replaceable>SERANGE</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
defines the SELinux MLS range for the new account.
|
|
Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-range,
|
|
it uses <citerefentry><refentrytitle>semanage</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for that.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option is only valid if the <option>-Z</option> (or
|
|
<option>--selinux-user</option>) option is specified.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id='caveats'>
|
|
<title>CAVEATS</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You must make certain that the named user is
|
|
not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the
|
|
user's numerical user ID, the user's name, or the user's home
|
|
directory is being changed. <command>usermod</command> checks this
|
|
on Linux. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check if
|
|
the user is logged in.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You must change the owner of any <command>crontab</command> files or
|
|
<command>at</command> jobs manually.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS server.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id='configuration'>
|
|
<title>CONFIGURATION</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The following configuration variables in
|
|
<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
|
|
tool:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
&LASTLOG_UID_MAX;
|
|
&MAIL_DIR; <!-- documents also MAIL_FILE -->
|
|
&MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
|
|
&SUB_GID_COUNT; <!-- documents also SUB_GID_MAX and SUB_GID_MIN -->
|
|
&SUB_UID_COUNT; <!-- documents also SUB_UID_MAX and SUB_UID_MIN -->
|
|
&TCB_SYMLINKS;
|
|
&USE_TCB;
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id='files'>
|
|
<title>FILES</title>
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Group account information</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry condition="gshadow">
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Secure group account information</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Shadow password suite configuration</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>User account information</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Secure user account information</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry condition="subids">
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/subgid</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Per user subordinate group IDs</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry condition="subids">
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/subuid</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Per user subordinate user IDs</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id='see_also'>
|
|
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<phrase condition="subids">
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>subgid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
</phrase>
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
</refentry>
|