99 lines
2.4 KiB
Groff
99 lines
2.4 KiB
Groff
.\" Title: passwd
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.\" Author:
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.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.70.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
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.\" Date: 06/06/2006
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.\" Manual: File Formats and Conversions
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.\" Source: File Formats and Conversions
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.\"
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.TH "PASSWD" "5" "06/06/2006" "File Formats and Conversions" "File Formats and Conversions"
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.\" disable hyphenation
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.nh
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.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
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.ad l
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.SH "NAME"
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passwd \- the password file
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.PP
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\fI/etc/passwd\fR
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contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (\(lq:\(rq). These fields are:
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.TP 3n
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\(bu
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login name
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.TP 3n
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\(bu
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optional encrypted password
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.TP 3n
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\(bu
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numerical user ID
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.TP 3n
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\(bu
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numerical group ID
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.TP 3n
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\(bu
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user name or comment field
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.TP 3n
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\(bu
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user home directory
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.TP 3n
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\(bu
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optional user command interpreter
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.sp
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.RE
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.PP
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The encrypted password field may be blank, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications which read the
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\fI/etc/passwd\fR
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file may decide not to permit
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\fIany\fR
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access at all if the
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\fIpassword\fR
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field is blank. If the
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\fIpassword\fR
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field is a lower\-case
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\(lqx\(rq, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the
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\fBshadow\fR(5)
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file instead; there
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\fImust\fR
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be a corresponding line in the
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\fI/etc/shadow\fR
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file, or else the user account is invalid. If the
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\fIpassword\fR
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field is any other string, then it will be treated as an encrypted password, as specified by
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\fBcrypt\fR(3).
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.PP
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The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as
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\fBfinger\fR(1).
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.PP
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The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory. The
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\fBlogin\fR
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program uses this information to set the value of the
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\fB$HOME\fR
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environmental variable.
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.PP
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The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The
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\fBlogin\fR
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program uses this information to set the value of the
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\fB$SHELL\fR
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environmental variable. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value
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\fI/bin/sh\fR.
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.SH "FILES"
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.TP 3n
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\fI/etc/passwd\fR
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User account information.
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.TP 3n
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\fI/etc/shadow\fR
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optional encrypted password file
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.PP
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\fBgetent\fR(1),
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\fBlogin\fR(1),
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\fBpasswd\fR(1),
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\fBsu\fR(1),
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\fBcrypt\fR(3),
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\fBgetpwnam\fR(3),
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\fBshadow\fR(5),
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\fBpwconv\fR(8),
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\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
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\fBsulogin\fR(8).
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