369 lines
12 KiB
XML
369 lines
12 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
|
<!--
|
|
Copyright (c) 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
|
|
Copyright (c) 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
|
|
All rights reserved.
|
|
|
|
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
are met:
|
|
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
3. The name of the copyright holders or contributors may not be used to
|
|
endorse or promote products derived from this software without
|
|
specific prior written permission.
|
|
|
|
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
|
|
``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
|
|
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
|
|
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
|
|
HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
|
|
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
|
|
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
|
|
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
|
|
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
|
|
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
|
|
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
-->
|
|
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
|
|
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
|
|
<!ENTITY MAIL_DIR SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAIL_DIR.xml">
|
|
<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
|
|
]>
|
|
<refentry id='usermod.8'>
|
|
<!-- $Id$ -->
|
|
<refmeta>
|
|
<refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
<refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
|
|
</refmeta>
|
|
<refnamediv id='name'>
|
|
<refname>usermod</refname>
|
|
<refpurpose>modify a user account</refpurpose>
|
|
</refnamediv>
|
|
|
|
<refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
|
|
<cmdsynopsis>
|
|
<command>usermod</command>
|
|
<arg choice='opt'>
|
|
<replaceable>options</replaceable>
|
|
</arg>
|
|
<arg choice='plain'><replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable></arg>
|
|
</cmdsynopsis>
|
|
</refsynopsisdiv>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id='description'>
|
|
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <command>usermod</command> command modifies the system account
|
|
files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id='options'>
|
|
<title>OPTIONS</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The options which apply to the <command>usermod</command> command
|
|
are:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<variablelist remap='IP'>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Add the user to the supplemental group(s). Use only with
|
|
<option>-G</option> option.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option>
|
|
<replaceable>COMMENT</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is
|
|
normally modified using the <citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry> utility.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option>
|
|
<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The user's new login directory. If the <option>-m</option>
|
|
option is given the contents of the current home directory will
|
|
be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does
|
|
not already exist.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option>
|
|
<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is
|
|
specified in the format <emphasis remap='I'>YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option>
|
|
<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The number of days after a password expires until the account is
|
|
permanently disabled. A value of 0 disables the account as soon
|
|
as the password has expired, and a value of -1 disables the
|
|
feature. The default value is -1.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>
|
|
<replaceable>GROUP</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The group name or number of the user's new initial login group.
|
|
The group name must exist. A group number must refer to an
|
|
already existing group. The default group number is 1.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option>
|
|
<replaceable>GROUP1</replaceable>[<emphasis remap='I'>,GROUP2,...</emphasis>[<emphasis remap='I'>,GROUPN</emphasis>]]]
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member
|
|
of. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no
|
|
intervening whitespace. The groups are subject to the same
|
|
restrictions as the group given with the <option>-g</option>
|
|
option. If the user is currently a member of a group which is
|
|
not listed, the user will be removed from the group. This
|
|
behaviour can be changed via the <option>-a</option> option, which
|
|
appends the user to the current supplementary group list.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>
|
|
<replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The name of the user will be changed from <emphasis
|
|
remap='I'>LOGIN</emphasis> to <emphasis
|
|
remap='I'>NEW_LOGIN</emphasis>. Nothing else is changed. In
|
|
particular, the user's home directory name should probably be
|
|
changed manually to reflect the new login name.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the
|
|
encrypted password, effectively disabling the password. You
|
|
can't use this option with <option>-p</option> or
|
|
<option>-U</option>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a
|
|
password), you should also set the
|
|
<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> to
|
|
<replaceable>1</replaceable>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
When used with the <option>-u</option> option, this option
|
|
allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>
|
|
<replaceable>PASSWORD</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The encrypted password, as returned by <citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option>
|
|
<replaceable>SHELL</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to
|
|
blank causes the system to select the default login shell.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option>
|
|
<replaceable>UID</replaceable>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique,
|
|
unless the <option>-o</option> option is used. The value must be
|
|
non-negative. Values between 0 and 999 are typically reserved
|
|
for system accounts. Any files which the user owns and which are
|
|
located in the directory tree rooted at the user's home
|
|
directory will have the file user ID changed automatically.
|
|
Files outside of the user's home directory must be altered
|
|
manually.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>
|
|
<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the
|
|
encrypted password. You can't use this option with
|
|
<option>-p</option> or <option>-L</option>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a
|
|
password), you should also set the
|
|
<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> (for example to
|
|
<replaceable>99999</replaceable>, or to the
|
|
<replaceable>EXPIRE</replaceable> value from
|
|
<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id='caveats'>
|
|
<title>CAVEATS</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<command>usermod</command> will not allow you to change the name of a
|
|
user who is logged in. You must make certain that the named user is
|
|
not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the
|
|
user's numerical user ID is being changed. You must change the owner
|
|
of any <command>crontab</command> files manually. You must change
|
|
the owner of any <command>at</command> jobs manually. You must make
|
|
any changes involving NIS on the NIS server.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id='configuration'>
|
|
<title>CONFIGURATION</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The following configuration variables in
|
|
<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
|
|
tool:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
&MAIL_DIR; <!-- documents also MAIL_FILE -->
|
|
&MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id='files'>
|
|
<title>FILES</title>
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Group account information.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>User account information.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Secure user account information.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id='see_also'>
|
|
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
</refentry>
|