564 lines
19 KiB
Groff
564 lines
19 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh and Chip Rosenthal
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $Id: login.defs.5,v 1.6 1998/12/28 20:35:13 marekm Exp $
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.\"
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.TH LOGIN 5
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.SH NAME
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/etc/login.defs \- Login configuration
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The
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.I /etc/login.defs
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file defines the site-specific configuration for the shadow login
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suite. This file is required. Absence of this file will not prevent
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system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation.
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.PP
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This file is a readable text file, each line of the file describing
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one configuration parameter. The lines consist of a configuration
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name and value, seperated by whitespace. Blank lines and comment
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lines are ignored. Comments are introduced with a `#' pound sign and
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the pound sign must be the first non-white character of the line.
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.PP
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Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers,
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and long numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters.
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A boolean should be either the value ``yes'' or ``no''. An undefined
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boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given
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a ``no'' value. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal
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values, octal values (precede the value with ``0'') or hexadecimal
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values (precede the value with ``0x''). The maximum value of the
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regular and long numeric parameters is machine-dependant.
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.PP
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The following configuration items are provided:
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.\"
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.IP "CHFN_AUTH (boolean)"
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If
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.IR yes ,
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the
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.B chfn
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and
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.B chsh
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programs will ask for password before making any changes, unless
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run by the superuser.
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.\"
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.IP "CHFN_RESTRICT (string)"
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This parameter specifies which values in the
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.I gecos
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field of the
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.I passwd
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file may be changed by regular users using the
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.B chfn
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program. It can be any combination of letters
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.IR f ,
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.IR r ,
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.IR w ,
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.IR h ,
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for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and Home phone, respectively.
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If not specified, only the superuser can make any changes.
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.\"
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.IP "CONSOLE (string)"
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If specified, this definition provides for a restricted set of lines
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on which root logins will be allowed. An attempted root login which
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does not meet the criteria established here will be rejected. The
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value of this field may be one of two forms, either a fully-rooted
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pathname such as
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.sp
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.ft I
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CONSOLE /etc/consoles
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.ft R
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.sp
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or a colon-delimited list of terminal lines such as:
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.sp
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.ft I
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CONSOLE console:tty01:tty02:tty03:tty04
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.ft R
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.sp
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If a pathname is given, each line of the file should specify one
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terminal line. If this parameter is not defined or the specified file
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does not exist, then root logins will be allowed from any terminal
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line. Because the removal of this file, or its truncation, could
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result in unauthorized root logins, this file must be protected.
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Where security is critical, the colon-separated form should be used
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to prevent this potential method of attack.
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.\"
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.IP "CONSOLE_GROUPS (string)"
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XXX needs to be documented.
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.\"
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.IP "CRACKLIB_DICTPATH (string)"
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XXX needs to be documented.
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.\"
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.IP "DEFAULT_HOME (boolean)"
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XXX needs to be documented.
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.\"
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.IP "DIALUPS_CHECK_ENAB (boolean)"
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If
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.I yes
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and an
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.I /etc/dialups
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file exists, then secondary passwords are enabled upon the dialup
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lines specified in this file. This file should contain a list of
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dialups, one per line, for example:
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.nf
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.sp
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.ft I
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ttyfm01
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ttyfm02
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\0\0.
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\0\0.
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\0\0.
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.ft R
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.sp
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.fi
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.\"
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.IP "ENVIRON_FILE (string)"
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XXX needs to be documented.
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.\"
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.IP "ENV_HZ (string)"
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This parameter specifies a value for an HZ environment parameter.
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Example usage is:
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.sp
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\fIENV_HZ HZ=50\fR
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.sp
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If this parameter is not defined then no HZ value will be established.
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.\"
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.IP "ENV_PATH (string)"
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This parameter must be defined as the search path for regular users.
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When a login with UID other than zero occurs, the PATH environment
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parameter is initialized to this value. This parameter is required;
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if undefined a possibly incorrect default value will be provided.
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.\"
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.IP "ENV_SUPATH (string)"
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This parameter must be defined as the search path for the superuser.
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When a login with UID zero occurs, the PATH environment parameter is
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initialized to this value. This parameter is required; if undefined
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a possibly incorrect default value will be provided.
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.\"
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.IP "ENV_TZ (string)"
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This parameter specifies information for generating a TZ environment
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parameter. The value must either be the desired contents of TZ, or
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the full pathname of a file which contains this information. Example
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usage is:
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.sp
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\fIENV_TZ\0\0\0\0TZ=CST6CDT\fP
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.sp
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or
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.sp
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\fIENV_TZ\0\0\0\0/etc/tzname\fP
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.sp
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If a nonexistent file is named, then TZ will be initialized to some
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default value. If this parameter is not defined then no TZ value will
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be established.
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.\"
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.IP "ERASECHAR (number)"
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The terminal
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.I erase
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character is initialized to this value. This is supported only on
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systems with the
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.I termio
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interface, e.g. System V. If not specified, the erase character will
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be initialized to a backspace. See KILLCHAR for related information.
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.\"
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.IP "FAILLOG_ENAB (boolean)"
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If
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.I yes
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then login failures will be accumulated in
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.I /var/log/faillog
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in a
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.BR faillog (8)
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format.
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.\"
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.IP "FAIL_DELAY (number)"
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Delay time in seconds after each failed login attempt.
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.\"
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.IP "FAKE_SHELL (string)"
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Instead of the real user shell, the program specified by this
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parameter will be launched, although its visible name (argv[0]) will
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be the shell's. The program may do whatever it wants (logging,
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additional authentification, banner, ...) before running the actual
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shell.
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.\"
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.IP "FTMP_FILE (string)"
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This parameter specifies the full pathname to a file to which login
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failures are recorded. When a login failure occurs, a
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.I utmp
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format record will be appended to this file. Note that this differs
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from the
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.I /var/log/faillog
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failure logging in that this facility logs every failure whereas the
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``faillog'' facility accumulates failure information per user. If
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this parameter is not specified then logging will be inhibited. See
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FAILLOG_ENAB and LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB for related information.
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.\"
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.IP "GID_MAX (number)"
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.IP "GID_MIN (number)"
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Range of group IDs to choose from for the
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.B groupadd
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program.
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.\"
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.IP "HUSHLOGIN_FILE (string)"
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This parameter is used to establish ``hushlogin'' conditions. There
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are two possible ways to establish these conditions. First, if the
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value of this parameter is a filename and that file exists in the
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user's home directory then ``hushlogin'' conditions will be in effect.
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The contents of this file are ignored; its mere presence triggers
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``hushlogin'' conditions. Second, if the value of this parameter is
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a full pathname and either the user's login name or the user's shell
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is found in this file, then ``hushlogin'' conditions will be in effect.
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In this case, the file should be in a format similar to:
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.nf
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.sp
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.ft I
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demo
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/usr/lib/uucp/uucico
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\0\0.
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\0\0.
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\0\0.
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.ft R
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.sp
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.fi
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If this parameter is not defined, then ``hushlogin'' conditions will
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never occur. When ``hushlogin'' conditions are established, the
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message of the day, last successful and unsuccessful login display,
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mail status display, and password aging checks are suppressed. Note
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that allowing hushlogin files in user home directories allows the user
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to disable password aging checks. See MOTD_FILE, FAILLOG_ENAB,
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LASTLOG_ENAB, and MAIL_CHECK_ENAB for related information.
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.\"
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.IP "ISSUE_FILE (string)"
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Full pathname of the file to display before each login prompt.
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.\"
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.IP "KILLCHAR (number)"
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The terminal
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.I kill
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character is initialized to this value. This is supported only on
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systems with the
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.I termio
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interface, e.g. System V. If not specified, the kill character will
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be initialized to a \s-2CTRL/U\s0.
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See ERASECHAR for related information.
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.\"
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.IP "LASTLOG_ENAB (boolean)"
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If
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.IR yes ,
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and if the
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.I /var/log/lastlog
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file exists, then a successful user login will be recorded to this
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file. Furthermore, if this option is enabled then the times of the
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most recent successful and unsuccessful logins will be displayed to
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the user upon login. The unsuccessful login display will be suppressed
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if FAILLOG_ENAB is not enabled. If ``hushlogin'' conditions are in
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effect, then both the successful and unsuccessful login information
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will be suppressed.
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.\"
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.IP "LOGIN_RETRIES (number)"
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Number of login attempts allowed before the
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.B login
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program exits.
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.\"
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.IP "LOGIN_STRING (string)"
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XXX needs to be documented.
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.IP "LOGIN_TIMEOUT (number)"
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XXX needs to be documented.
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.IP "LOG_OK_LOGINS (boolean)"
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XXX needs to be documented.
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.IP "LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB (boolean)"
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If
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.I yes
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then unknown usernames will be included when a login failure is
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recorded. Note that this is a potential security risk; a common login
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failure mode is transposition of the user name and password, thus this
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mode will often cause passwords to accumulate in the failure logs.
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If this option is disabled then unknown usernames will be suppressed
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in login failure messages.
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.\"
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.IP "MAIL_CHECK_ENAB (boolean)"
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If
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.IR yes ,
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the user will be notified of his or her mailbox status upon login.
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See MAIL_DIR for related information.
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.\"
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.IP "MAIL_DIR (string)"
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This parameter specifies the full pathname to the directory which
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contains the user mailbox files. The user's login name is appended
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to this path to form the MAIL environment parameter \- the path to
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the user's mailbox. Either this parameter or MAIL_FILE must be defined;
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if undefined some possibly incorrect default value will be assumed.
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See MAIL_CHECK_ENAB for related information.
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.\"
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.IP "MAIL_FILE (string)"
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This parameter specifies the name of the user's mailbox file. This
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name is appended to the name of the user's home directory to form the
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MAIL environment parameter \- the path to the user's mailbox. Either
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this parameter or MAIL_DIR must be defined; if undefined some possibly
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incorrect default value will be assumed. See MAIL_CHECK_ENAB for
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related information.
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.\"
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.IP "MD5_CRYPT_ENAB (boolean)"
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If
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.IR yes ,
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the
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.B passwd
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program will encrypt newly changed passwords using a new MD5-based
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.BR crypt (3)
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password hashing algorithm, which originally appeared in FreeBSD, and
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is also supported by libc-5.4.38 and glibc-2.0 (or higher) on Linux.
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This algorithm allows passwords longer than 8 characters (limited by
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.BR getpass (3)
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to 127 characters), but is incompatible with traditional
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.BR crypt (3)
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implementations.
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.\"
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.IP "MOTD_FILE (string)"
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This parameter specifies a colon-delimited list of pathnames to ``message
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of the day'' files.
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If a specified file exists, then its contents are displayed to the user
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upon login.
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If this parameter is not defined or ``hushlogin'' login conditions are
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in effect, this information will be suppressed.
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.\"
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.IP "NOLOGINS_FILE (string)"
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This parameter specifies the full pathname to a file which inhibits
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non-root logins. If this file exists and a user other than root
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attempts to log in, the contents of the file will be displayed and
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the user will be disconnected. If this parameter is not specified
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then this feature will be inhibited.
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.\"
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.IP "NOLOGIN_STR (string)"
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XXX needs to be documented.
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.\"
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.IP "OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB (boolean)"
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If
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.IR yes ,
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the
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.B passwd
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program will perform additional checks before accepting a password change.
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The checks performed are fairly simple, and their use is recommended.
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These obscurity checks are bypassed if
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.B passwd
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is run by
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.IR root .
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See PASS_MIN_LEN for related information.
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.\"
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.IP "PASS_ALWAYS_WARN (boolean)"
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XXX needs to be documented.
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.\"
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.IP "PASS_CHANGE_TRIES (number)"
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XXX needs to be documented.
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.\"
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.IP "PASS_MIN_DAYS (number)"
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The minimum number of days allowed between password changes. Any password
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changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected. If not specified, a
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zero value will be assumed.
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.\"
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.IP "PASS_MIN_LEN (number)"
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The minimum number of characters in an acceptable password. An attempt to
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assign a password with fewer characters will be rejected. A zero value
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suppresses this check. If not specified, a zero value will be assumed.
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.\"
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.IP "PASS_MAX_DAYS (number)"
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The maximum number of days a password may be used. If the password is
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older than this, then the account will be locked. If not specified,
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a large value will be assumed.
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.\"
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.IP "PASS_MAX_LEN (number)"
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XXX needs to be documented.
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.\"
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.IP "PASS_WARN_AGE (number)"
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The number of days warning given before a password expires. A zero means
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warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means
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no warning is given. If not specified, no warning will be provided.
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.\"
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.IP "PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB (boolean)"
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If
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.I yes
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and an
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.I /etc/porttime
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file exists, that file will be consulted to ensure the user may login
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at this time on the given line.
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c.f.
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.BR porttime (5)
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.\"
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.IP "QMAIL_DIR (string)"
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For Qmail users, this parameter specifies a directory where a Maildir
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hierarchy is stored.
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See MAIL_CHECK_ENAB for related information.
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.\"
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.IP "QUOTAS_ENAB (boolean)"
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If
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.I yes ,
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then the user's ``ulimit,'' ``umask,'' and ``niceness'' will be
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initialized to the values if specified in the
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.I gecos
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field of the
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.I passwd
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file.
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c.f.
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.BR passwd (5).
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.\"
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.IP "SU_NAME (string)"
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This parameter assigns a command name when ``su -'' is run. For
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example, if the parameter is defined as ``su'', then a
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.BR ps (1)
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listing would show the command running as ``-su''. If this parameter
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is undefined, then a
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.BR ps (1)
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listing would show the name of the actual shell being run, e.g.
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something like ``-sh''.
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.\"
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.IP "SULOG_FILE (string)"
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This parameter specifies a full pathname of a file in which
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.B su
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activity is logged.
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If this parameter is not specified, the logging is suppressed.
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Because the
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.B su
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command may be used when attempting to authenticate a password,
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either this option, or
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.I syslog
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should be used to note
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.B su
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activity. See the SYSLOG_SU_ENAB option for related information.
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.\"
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.IP "SU_WHEEL_ONLY (boolean)"
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XXX needs to be documented.
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.\"
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.IP "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB (boolean)"
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|
XXX needs to be documented.
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.\"
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.IP "SYSLOG_SU_ENAB (boolean)"
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If
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.I yes
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and
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.B login
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was compiled with
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.I syslog
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support, then all
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.B su
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activity will be noted through the
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.I syslog
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facility.
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See SULOG_FILE for related information.
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.\"
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.IP "TTYGROUP (string or number)"
|
|
The group ownership of the terminal is initialized to this group
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name or number. One well-known security attack involves forcing terminal
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control sequences upon another user's terminal line. This problem
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can be averted by disabling permissions which allow other users to
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access the terminal line, but this unfortunately prevents programs
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such as
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.B write
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from operating. Another solution is to use a version of the
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.B write
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program which filters out potentially dangerous character sequences,
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make this program ``setgid'' to a special group, assign group ownership
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of the terminal line to this special group, and assign permissions of
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\fI0620\fR to the terminal line. The TTYGROUP definition has been
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provided for just this situation. If this item is not defined, then
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the group ownership of the terminal is initialized to the user's group
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number. See TTYPERMS for related information.
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.\"
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.IP "TTYPERM (number)"
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The login terminal permissions are initialized to this value. Typical
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values will be \fI0622\fR to permit others write access to the line
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or \fI0600\fR to secure the line from other users. If not specified,
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the terminal permissions will be initialized to \fI0622\fR. See
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TTYGROUP for related information.
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.\"
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.IP "TTYTYPE_FILE (string)"
|
|
This parameter specifies the full pathname to a file which maps terminal
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|
lines to terminal types. Each line of the file contains a terminal
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|
type and a terminal line, seperated by whitespace, for example:
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.nf
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.sp
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.ft I
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vt100\0 tty01
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wyse60 tty02
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\0\0.\0\0\0 \0\0.
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|
\0\0.\0\0\0 \0\0.
|
|
\0\0.\0\0\0 \0\0.
|
|
.ft R
|
|
.sp
|
|
.fi
|
|
This information is used to initialize the TERM environment parameter.
|
|
A line starting with a ``#'' pound sign will be treated as a comment.
|
|
If this paramter is not specified, the file does not exist, or the terminal
|
|
line is not found in the file, then the TERM environment parameter will not
|
|
be set.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.IP "UID_MAX (number)"
|
|
XXX needs to be documented.
|
|
.IP "UID_MIN (number)"
|
|
XXX needs to be documented.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.IP "ULIMIT (long number)"
|
|
The file size limit is initialized to this value. This is supported
|
|
only on systems with a
|
|
.IR ulimit ,
|
|
e.g. System V. If not specified, the file size limit will be initialized
|
|
to some large value.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.IP "UMASK (number)"
|
|
The permission mask is initialized to this value. If not specified,
|
|
the permission mask will be initialized to zero.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.IP "USERDEL_CMD (string)"
|
|
XXX needs to be documented.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.SH CROSS REFERENCE
|
|
The following cross reference shows which programs in the shadow login
|
|
suite use which parameters.
|
|
.na
|
|
.IP login 12
|
|
CONSOLE DIALUPS_CHECK_ENAB ENV_HZ ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ERASECHAR FAILLOG_ENAB
|
|
FTMP_FILE HUSHLOGIN_FILE KILLCHAR LASTLOG_ENAB LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB
|
|
MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB
|
|
QUOTAS_ENAB TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE ULIMIT UMASK
|
|
.IP newusers 12
|
|
PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE UMASK
|
|
.IP passwd 12
|
|
OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_MIN_LEN
|
|
.IP pwconv 12
|
|
PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
|
|
.IP su 12
|
|
ENV_HZ ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ HUSHLOGIN_FILE MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR
|
|
MOTD_FILE NOLOGIN_STR QUOTAS_ENAB SULOG_FILE SYSLOG_SU_ENAB
|
|
.IP sulogin 12
|
|
ENV_HZ ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ MAIL_DIR QUOTAS_ENAB TTYPERM
|
|
.ad
|
|
.SH BUGS
|
|
Some of the supported configuration parameters are not documented in this
|
|
manual page.
|
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
|
.BR login (1),
|
|
.BR passwd (5),
|
|
.BR faillog (5),
|
|
.BR porttime (5),
|
|
.BR faillog (8)
|
|
.SH AUTHORS
|
|
Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@bga.com)
|
|
.br
|
|
Chip Rosenthal (chip@unicom.com)
|