453 lines
15 KiB
XML
453 lines
15 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!--
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Copyright (c) 1989 - 1990, Julianne Frances Haugh
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Copyright (c) 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
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All rights reserved.
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Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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are met:
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1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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3. The name of the copyright holders or contributors may not be used to
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endorse or promote products derived from this software without
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specific prior written permission.
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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
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``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
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PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
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HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
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SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
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OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY CONSOLE SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CONSOLE.xml">
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<!ENTITY CONSOLE_GROUPS SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CONSOLE_GROUPS.xml">
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<!ENTITY DEFAULT_HOME SYSTEM "login.defs.d/DEFAULT_HOME.xml">
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<!ENTITY ENV_HZ SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_HZ.xml">
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<!ENTITY ENVIRON_FILE SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENVIRON_FILE.xml">
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<!ENTITY ENV_PATH SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_PATH.xml">
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<!ENTITY ENV_SUPATH SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_SUPATH.xml">
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<!ENTITY ENV_TZ SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_TZ.xml">
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<!ENTITY LOGIN_STRING SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LOGIN_STRING.xml">
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<!ENTITY MAIL_CHECK_ENAB SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAIL_CHECK_ENAB.xml">
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<!ENTITY MAIL_DIR SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAIL_DIR.xml">
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<!ENTITY QUOTAS_ENAB SYSTEM "login.defs.d/QUOTAS_ENAB.xml">
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<!ENTITY SULOG_FILE SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SULOG_FILE.xml">
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<!ENTITY SU_NAME SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SU_NAME.xml">
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<!ENTITY SU_WHEEL_ONLY SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SU_WHEEL_ONLY.xml">
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<!ENTITY SYSLOG_SU_ENAB SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SU_ENAB.xml">
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<!ENTITY USERGROUPS_ENAB SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USERGROUPS_ENAB.xml">
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<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
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]>
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<refentry id='su.1'>
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<!-- $Id$ -->
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<refentryinfo>
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<author>
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<firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
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<surname>Haugh</surname>
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<contrib>Creation, 1989</contrib>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Thomas</firstname>
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<surname>Kłoczko</surname>
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<email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
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<contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
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<surname>François</surname>
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<email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
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<contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
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</author>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">User Commands</refmiscinfo>
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<refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
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<refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv id='name'>
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<refname>su</refname>
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<refpurpose>change user ID or become superuser</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>su</command>
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<arg choice='opt'>
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<replaceable>options</replaceable>
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</arg>
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<arg choice='opt'>
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<replaceable>-</replaceable>
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</arg>
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<arg choice='opt'>
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<replaceable>username</replaceable>
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<arg choice='opt'>
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<replaceable>args</replaceable>
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</arg>
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</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1 id='description'>
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<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
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<para>
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The <command>su</command> command is used to become another user during a
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login session. Invoked without a <option>username</option>,
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<command>su</command> defaults to becoming the superuser. The
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<option>-</option> option may be used to provide an environment similar
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to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly. The
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<option>-c</option> option may be used to treat the next argument as a
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command by most shells.
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</para>
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<para>
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Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list. You can use the
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<option>--</option> argument to stop option parsing. The
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<option>-</option> option is special: it is also recognized after
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<option>--</option>, but has to be placed before
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<option>username</option>.
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</para>
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<para>The user will be prompted for a password, if appropriate. Invalid
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passwords will produce an error message. All attempts, both valid and
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invalid, are logged to detect abuse of the system.
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</para>
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<para>
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The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of
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<envar>$PATH</envar> is reset to <filename>/bin:/usr/bin</filename>
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for normal users, or <filename>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</filename>
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for the superuser. This may be changed with the
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<option>ENV_PATH</option> and <option>ENV_SUPATH</option>
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definitions in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>.
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</para>
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<para>
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A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a "*" as the first
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character of the login shell. The given home directory will be used as
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the root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='options'>
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<title>OPTIONS</title>
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<para>The options which apply to the <command>su</command> command are:
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</para>
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<variablelist remap='IP'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-c</option>, <option>--command</option> <replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its
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<option>-c</option>.
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</para>
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<para>
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The executed command will have no controlling terminal. This
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option cannot be used to execute interactive programs which
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need a controlling TTY.
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<!-- This avoids TTY hijacking when su is used to lower
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privileges -->
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had
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the user logged in directly.
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</para>
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<para>
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When <option>-</option> is used, it must be specified before any
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<option>username</option>. For portability it is recommended
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to use it as last option, before any
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<option>username</option>. The other forms
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(<option>-l</option> and <option>--login</option>)
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do not have this restriction.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option> <replaceable>SHELL</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The shell that will be invoked.</para>
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<para>
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The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first):
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<!--This should be an ordered list, but lists inside another
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list does not work well with current docbook.
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- nekral - 2009.06.03 -->
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry><term></term><listitem>
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<para>The shell specified with --shell.</para>
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</listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term></term><listitem>
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<para>
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If <option>--preserve-environment</option> is used, the
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shell specified by the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environment
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variable.
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</para>
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</listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term></term><listitem>
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<para>
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The shell indicated in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>
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entry for the target user.
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</para>
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</listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term></term><listitem>
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<para><filename>/bin/sh</filename> if a shell could not be
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found by any above method.</para>
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</listitem></varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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<para>
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If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of
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this user's entry in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> is not
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listed in <filename>/etc/shells</filename>), then the
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<option>--shell</option> option or the <envar>$SHELL</envar>
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environment variable won't be taken into account, unless
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<command>su</command> is called by root.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-m</option>, <option>-p</option>,
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<option>--preserve-environment</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Preserve the current environment, except for:
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><envar>$PATH</envar></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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reset according to the
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<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> options
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<option>ENV_PATH</option> or
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<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (see below);
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><envar>$IFS</envar></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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reset to
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<quote><space><tab><newline></quote>,
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if it was set.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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<para>
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If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no
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effect (unless <command>su</command> is called by root).
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</para>
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<para>
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Note that the default behavior for the environment is the
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following:
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry><term></term><listitem>
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<para>
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The <envar>$HOME</envar>, <envar>$SHELL</envar>,
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<envar>$USER</envar>, <envar>$LOGNAME</envar>,
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<envar>$PATH</envar>, and <envar>$IFS</envar>
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environment variables are reset.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term></term><listitem>
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<para>
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If <option>--login</option> is not used, the
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environment is copied, except for the variables above.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term></term><listitem>
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<para>
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If <option>--login</option> is used, the
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<envar>$TERM</envar>, <envar>$COLORTERM</envar>,
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<envar>$DISPLAY</envar>, and
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<envar>$XAUTHORITY</envar> environment variables are
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copied if they were set.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry condition="no_pam"><term></term><listitem>
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<para>
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If <option>--login</option> is used, the
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<envar>$TZ</envar>, <envar>$HZ</envar>, and
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<envar>$MAIL</envar> environment
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variables are set according to the
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<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>
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options <option>ENV_TZ</option>,
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<option>ENV_HZ</option>, <option>MAIL_DIR</option>, and
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<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (see below).
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry condition="no_pam"><term></term><listitem>
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<para>
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If <option>--login</option> is used, other environment
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variables might be set by the
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<option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> file (see below).
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry condition="pam"><term></term><listitem>
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<para>
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Other environments might be set by PAM modules.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='caveats'>
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<title>CAVEATS</title>
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<para>
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This version of <command>su</command> has many compilation options,
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only some of which may be in use at any particular site.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='configuration'>
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<title>CONFIGURATION</title>
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<para>
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The following configuration variables in
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<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
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tool:
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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&CONSOLE;
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&CONSOLE_GROUPS;
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&DEFAULT_HOME;
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<phrase condition="no_pam">&ENV_HZ;</phrase>
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&ENVIRON_FILE;
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&ENV_PATH;
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&ENV_SUPATH;
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&ENV_TZ;
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<phrase condition="no_pam">&LOGIN_STRING;</phrase>
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&MAIL_CHECK_ENAB;
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<phrase condition="no_pam">&MAIL_DIR;</phrase>
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"AS_ENAB;
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&SULOG_FILE;
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&SU_NAME;
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&SU_WHEEL_ONLY;
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&SYSLOG_SU_ENAB;
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<phrase condition="no_pam">&USERGROUPS_ENAB;</phrase>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='files'>
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<title>FILES</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>User account information.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Secure user account information.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='exit_values'>
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<title>EXIT VALUES</title>
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<para>
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On success, <command>su</command> returns the exit value of the
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command it executed.
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</para>
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<para>
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If this command was terminated by a signal, <command>su</command>
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returns the number of this signal plus 128.
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</para>
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<para>
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If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate,
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and the command did not terminate in time), <command>su</command>
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returns 255.
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</para>
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<para>
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Some exit values from <command>su</command> are independent from the
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executed command:
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable>0</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>success (<option>--help</option> only)</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable>1</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>System or authentication failure</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable>126</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The requested command was not found</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable>127</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The requested command could not be executed</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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|
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<refsect1 id='see_also'>
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<title>SEE ALSO</title>
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<para><citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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