shadow/man/ru/passwd.5

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.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (u31b3hs@pool.informatik.rwth\-aachen.de), Fri Apr 2 11:32:09 MET DST 1993
.\"
.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
.\"
.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
.\" intermediate and printed output.
.\"
.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
.\"
.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139,
.\" USA.
.\"
.\" Modified Sun Jul 25 10:46:28 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" Modified Sun Aug 21 18:12:27 1994 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" Modified Sun Jun 18 01:53:57 1995 by Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
.\" Modified Mon Jan 5 20:24:40 MET 1998 by Michael Haardt
.\" (michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de)
.TH PASSWD 5 "$Date: 2005/04/05 19:08:57 $" "" "æÏÒÍÁÔÙ ÆÁÊÌÏ×"
.SH îáú÷áîéå
passwd \- ÆÁÊÌ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ
.SH ïðéóáîéå
.B Passwd
\-\- ÜÔÏ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÁÖÄÁÑ ÉÚ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÔÁËÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ, ËÁË
ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ, ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ,
ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÕÀ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÕ É Ô. Ä. þÁÓÔÏ × ÜÔÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔÓÑ
ÚÁÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÉ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. üÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ
ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ×ÓÅÍ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ (ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
.BR ls (1)
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÏ× É ÉÍÅÎ
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ), ÎÏ ÚÁÐÉÓØ × ÎÅÇÏ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÁ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ.
.PP
÷ ÓÔÁÒÙÅ ÄÏÂÒÙÅ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÁ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ó ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÓÔØÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ
ÆÁÊÌÁ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÍÕ ÍÉÒÕ. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÍÏÇ ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÔØ ÚÁÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ
ÐÁÒÏÌØ, ÎÏ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÉËÁ ÂÙÌÁ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏÊ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÚÌÏÍÁÔØ
ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ×ÙÂÒÁÎÎÙÊ ÐÁÒÏÌØ É, ÂÏÌÅÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÍ ÐÒÉÎÃÉÐÏÍ ÂÙÌÏ
ÄÒÕÖÅÌÀÂÉÅ ÓÒÅÄÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. óÅÊÞÁÓ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÔÕ ÉÌÉ ÉÎÕÀ
×ÅÒÓÉÀ ËÏÍÐÌÅËÔÁ ÔÅÎÅ×ÙÈ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ, ÇÄÅ
.I /etc/passwd
ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ Ú×ÅÚÄÏÞËÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÚÁÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ, Á ÓÁÍÉ ÜÔÉ ÐÁÒÏÌÉ
ÈÒÁÎÑÔÓÑ ×
.I /etc/shadow\fR,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ.
.PP
îÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ ÔÏÇÏ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÌÉ ÔÅÎÅ×ÙÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÉ, ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ
ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ Ú×ÅÚÄÏÞËÕ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÚÁÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ,
ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÏÊÔÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÐÏÄ
Ó×ÏÉÍ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÍ. (ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÎÉÖÅ úáíåþáîéñ).
.PP
åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÕÞÅÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ, ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ × ÐÏÌÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ
Ú×ÅÚÄÏÞËÕ, ÚÁÔÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
.BR passwd (1),
ÞÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÏÌØ.
.PP
ëÁÖÄÁÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ, Á ËÁÖÄÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÉÍÅÅÔ
ÆÏÒÍÁÔ
.sp
.RS
account:password:UID:GID:GECOS:directory:shell
.RE
.sp
÷ÏÔ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÐÏÌÅÊ:
.sp
.RS
.TP 1.0in
.I account
ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. ïÎÏ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÚÁÇÌÁ×ÎÙÈ ÂÕË×.
.TP
.I password
ÚÁÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÌÉ Ú×ÅÚÄÏÞËÁ.
.TP
.I UID
ÃÉÆÒÏ×ÏÊ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.
.TP
.I GID
ÃÉÆÒÏ×ÏÊ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.
.TP
.I GECOS
üÔÏ ÐÏÌÅ ÎÅÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÃÅÌÅÊ.
ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÚÄÅÓØ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÅ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. GECOS ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ
General Electric Comprehensive Operating System, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÂÙÌÁ
ÐÅÒÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÁ × GCOS, ËÏÇÄÁ ÐÏÄÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÂÏÌØÛÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÉ
General Electric ÂÙÌÏ ÐÒÏÄÁÎÏ ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÉ Honeywell. äÅÎÉÓ òÉÞÉ ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÌ:
"éÎÏÇÄÁ ÍÙ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÌÉ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÓÐÅÞÁÔËÉ ÉÌÉ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÚÁÄÁÞ ÄÌÑ ÐÁËÅÔÎÏÊ
ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ Ó GCOS. ÷ ÐÏÌÅ GCOS × ÆÁÊÌÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ ÐÒÑÔÁÌÁÓØ
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÄÌÑ $IDENTcard. îÅ ÜÌÅÇÁÎÔÎÏ."
.TP
.I directory
ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ($HOME).
.TP
.I shell
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ ×ÈÏÄÅ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ (ÅÓÌÉ ÚÄÅÓØ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ
ÎÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
.BR /bin/sh ).
åÓÌÉ ÚÄÅÓØ ÕËÁÚÁÎ ÎÅÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ, ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÎÅ
ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÏÊÔÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
.BR login (1).
.RE
.SH úáíåþáîéå
åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÔÏ ÉÈ GID ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ
ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×Ù, Á × ÆÁÊÌÅ \fI/etc/group\fP, ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÉÓØ Ï ÜÔÏÊ
ÇÒÕÐÐÅ, ÉÌÉ ÖÅ ÜÔÁ ÇÒÕÐÐÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ.
.PP
åÓÌÉ × ÐÏÌÅ Ó ÚÁÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ Ú×ÅÚÄÏÞËÁ, ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ
ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÏÊÔÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
.BR login (1),
ÎÏ ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
.BR rlogin (1),
×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ É ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
.BR rsh (1),
.BR cron (1),
.BR at (1)
ÉÌÉ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÙÈ ÆÉÌØÔÒÏ×, É Ô. Ð. ðÏÐÙÔËÁ ÚÁÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÞÅÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ,
ÉÚÍÅÎÑÑ ÐÏÌÅ shell, ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ÔÅÍ ÖÅ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÁÍ, É ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏ
ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
.BR su (1).
.SH æáêìù
.I /etc/passwd
.SH "óíïôòé ôáëöå"
.BR passwd (1),
.BR login (1),
.BR su (1),
.BR group (5),
.BR shadow (5)
.SH ðåòå÷ïä
ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ Copyright (C) Alexey Mahotkin <alexm@hsys.msk.ru> 1999