226 lines
7.5 KiB
XML
226 lines
7.5 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!--
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Copyright (c) 1991 , Julianne Frances Haugh
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Copyright (c) 2007 - 2009, Nicolas François
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All rights reserved.
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Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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are met:
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1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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3. The name of the copyright holders or contributors may not be used to
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endorse or promote products derived from this software without
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specific prior written permission.
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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
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``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
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PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
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HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
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SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
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OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY ENCRYPT_METHOD SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENCRYPT_METHOD.xml">
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<!ENTITY MD5_CRYPT_ENAB SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.xml">
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<!ENTITY SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS.xml">
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]>
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<refentry id='chpasswd.8'>
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<!-- $Id$ -->
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>chpasswd</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv id='name'>
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<refname>chpasswd</refname>
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<refpurpose>update passwords in batch mode</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>chpasswd</command>
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<arg choice='opt'>
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<replaceable>options</replaceable>
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</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1 id='description'>
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<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
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<para>
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The <command>chpasswd</command> command reads a list of user name and
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password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update
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a group of existing users. Each line is of the format:
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</para>
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<para>
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<emphasis remap='I'>user_name</emphasis>:<emphasis
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remap='I'>password</emphasis>
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</para>
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<para>
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By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is
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encrypted by <command>chpasswd</command>.
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Also the password age will be updated, if present.
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</para>
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<para>
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The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with
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the ENCRYPT_METHOD variable of <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>,
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and can be overwiten with the <option>-e</option>,
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<option>-m</option>, or <option>-c</option> options.
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</para>
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<para>
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This command is intended to be used in a large system environment
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where many accounts are created at a single time.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='options'>
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<title>OPTIONS</title>
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<para>
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The options which apply to the <command>chpasswd</command> command
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are:
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</para>
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<variablelist remap='IP'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords.</para>
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<para condition="no_sha_crypt">
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The available methods are DES, MD5, and NONE.
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</para>
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<para condition="sha_crypt">
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The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512
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if your libc support these methods.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Supplied passwords are in encrypted form.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Display help message and exit.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are
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not encrypted.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry condition="sha_crypt">
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<term><option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords.
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</para>
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<para>
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The value 0 means that the system will choose the default
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number of rounds for the crypt method (5000).
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</para>
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<para>
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A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999
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will be enforced.
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</para>
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<para>
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You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512
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crypt method.
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</para>
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<para>
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By default, the number of rounds is defined by the
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SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
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<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='caveats'>
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<title>CAVEATS</title>
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<para>
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Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of
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unencrypted files by other users.
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</para>
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<para>
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PAM is not used to update the passwords.
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Only <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
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<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> are updated, and the various checks
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or options provided by PAM modules are not used.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='configuration'>
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<title>CONFIGURATION</title>
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<para>
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The following configuration variables in
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<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
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tool:
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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&ENCRYPT_METHOD;
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&MD5_CRYPT_ENAB;
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&SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS; <!--documents also SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS-->
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='files'>
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<title>FILES</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>User account information.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Secure user account information.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='see_also'>
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<title>SEE ALSO</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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