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sysvinit/man/po/id.po

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Applied new translation support from Mario Blattermann.
2022-01-28 07:09:55 +05:30
# Indonesian translation of the sysvinit man pages
# I Made Wiryana <mwiryana@gunadarma.ac.id>, 1999.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: sysvinit-man\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-12-27 14:19+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 1999-03-03 16:34+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: I Made Wiryana <mwiryana@gunadarma.ac.id>\n"
"Language-Team: Indonesian <>\n"
"Language: id\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
#. type: TH
#: ../bootlogd.8:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "BOOTLOGD"
msgstr "BOOTLOGD"
#. type: TH
#: ../bootlogd.8:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "Jul 21, 2003"
msgstr "21 Juli 2003"
#. type: TH
#: ../bootlogd.8:18 ../fstab-decode.8:20 ../halt.8:20 ../init.8:20
#: ../initctl.5:17 ../initscript.5:18 ../inittab.5:20 ../killall5.8:18
#: ../last.1:20 ../logsave.8:5 ../mesg.1:20 ../mountpoint.1:18 ../pidof.8:18
#: ../readbootlog.1:20 ../runlevel.8:18 ../shutdown.8:20 ../sulogin.8:18
#: ../utmpdump.1:18 ../wall.1:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "sysvinit @VERSION@"
msgstr "sysvinit @VERSION@"
#. type: TH
#: ../bootlogd.8:18 ../fstab-decode.8:20 ../halt.8:20 ../init.8:20
#: ../killall5.8:18 ../logsave.8:5 ../pidof.8:18 ../runlevel.8:18
#: ../shutdown.8:20 ../sulogin.8:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
#: ../bootlogd.8:19 ../fstab-decode.8:22 ../halt.8:23 ../init.8:23
#: ../initctl.5:18 ../initscript.5:19 ../inittab.5:23 ../killall5.8:19
#: ../last.1:23 ../logsave.8:6 ../mesg.1:23 ../mountpoint.1:19 ../pidof.8:19
#: ../readbootlog.1:23 ../runlevel.8:19 ../shutdown.8:23 ../sulogin.8:19
#: ../utmpdump.1:19 ../wall.1:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr "NAMA"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../bootlogd.8:21
msgid "bootlogd - record boot messages"
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
#: ../bootlogd.8:21 ../fstab-decode.8:25 ../halt.8:27 ../init.8:27
#: ../initctl.5:20 ../initscript.5:21 ../killall5.8:21 ../last.1:27
#: ../logsave.8:8 ../mesg.1:27 ../mountpoint.1:21 ../pidof.8:21
#: ../readbootlog.1:27 ../runlevel.8:21 ../shutdown.8:27 ../sulogin.8:21
#: ../utmpdump.1:21 ../wall.1:23
#, no-wrap
msgid "SYNOPSIS"
msgstr "RINGKASAN"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../bootlogd.8:31
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "B</sbin/halt> [B<-n>] [B<-w>] [B<-d>] [B<-f>] [B<-i>] [B<-p>] [B<-h>]"
msgid ""
"B</sbin/bootlogd> [B<-c>] [B<-d>] [B<-e>] [B<-r>] [B<-s>] [B<-v>] [I< >B<-"
"l>I< logfile >] [I< >B<-p>I< pidfile >]"
msgstr "B</sbin/halt> [B<-n>] [B<-w>] [B<-d>] [B<-f>] [B<-i>] [B<-p>] [B<-h>]"
#. type: SH
#: ../bootlogd.8:31 ../fstab-decode.8:28 ../halt.8:53 ../init.8:46
#: ../initctl.5:22 ../initscript.5:23 ../inittab.5:28 ../killall5.8:28
#: ../last.1:48 ../logsave.8:14 ../mesg.1:32 ../mountpoint.1:30 ../pidof.8:36
#: ../readbootlog.1:34 ../runlevel.8:24 ../shutdown.8:36 ../sulogin.8:27
#: ../utmpdump.1:25 ../wall.1:28
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr "PENJELASAN"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../bootlogd.8:35
msgid ""
"B<bootlogd> runs in the background and copies all strings sent to the I</dev/"
"console> device to a logfile. If the I<logfile> is not accessible, the "
"messages will be kept in memory until it is."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
#: ../bootlogd.8:35 ../halt.8:68 ../killall5.8:34 ../last.1:70 ../logsave.8:39
#: ../mesg.1:38 ../mountpoint.1:33 ../pidof.8:44 ../readbootlog.1:42
#: ../runlevel.8:49 ../shutdown.8:54 ../utmpdump.1:28 ../wall.1:52
#, no-wrap
msgid "OPTIONS"
msgstr "PILIHAN"
#. type: IP
#: ../bootlogd.8:36 ../halt.8:75 ../last.1:87 ../mountpoint.1:36
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-d>"
msgstr "B<-d>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../bootlogd.8:38
msgid "Do not fork and run in the background."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../bootlogd.8:38
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-e>"
msgstr "B<-e>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../bootlogd.8:42
msgid ""
"Print escape characters to the boot log file. This turns off filtering of "
"escape characters and allows tools like GNU B<less>(1) to see and use colour "
"control characters (show the log in colour)."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../bootlogd.8:42 ../pidof.8:47 ../shutdown.8:101
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-c>"
msgstr "B<-c>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../bootlogd.8:47
msgid ""
"Attempt to write to the logfile even if it does not yet exist. Without this "
"option, B<bootlogd> will wait for the logfile to appear before attempting to "
"write to it. This behavior prevents B<bootlogd> from creating logfiles under "
"mount points."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../bootlogd.8:47 ../shutdown.8:64 ../utmpdump.1:31
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-r>"
msgstr "B<-r>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../bootlogd.8:50
msgid ""
"If there is an existing logfile called I<logfile> rename it to I<logfile~> "
"unless I<logfile~> already exists."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../bootlogd.8:50 ../logsave.8:45 ../pidof.8:45
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-s>"
msgstr "B<-s>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../bootlogd.8:56
msgid ""
"Ensure that the data is written to the file after each line by calling "
"B<fdatasync>(3). This will slow down a B<fsck>(8) process running in "
"parallel."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
#: ../bootlogd.8:56 ../logsave.8:53
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-v>"
msgstr "B<-v>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../bootlogd.8:58
msgid "Show version."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../bootlogd.8:58
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-l> I<logfile>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../bootlogd.8:60
msgid "Log to this logfile. The default is I</var/log/boot>."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../bootlogd.8:60
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-p> I<pidfile>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../bootlogd.8:62
msgid "Put process-id in this file. The default is no pidfile."
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. type: SH
#: ../bootlogd.8:62 ../halt.8:94 ../initctl.5:119 ../initscript.5:60
#: ../killall5.8:37 ../last.1:107 ../mesg.1:48 ../mountpoint.1:44 ../pidof.8:87
#: ../shutdown.8:216
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr "CATATAN"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../bootlogd.8:67
msgid ""
"B<bootlogd> saves log data which includes control characters. The log is "
"technically a text file, but not very easy for humans to read. To address "
"this the B<readbootlog>(1) command can be used to display the boot log "
"without the control characters."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
#: ../bootlogd.8:67 ../utmpdump.1:52
#, no-wrap
msgid "BUGS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../bootlogd.8:77
msgid ""
"B<bootlogd> works by redirecting the console output from the console "
"device. (Consequently B<bootlogd> requires PTY support in the kernel "
"configuration.) It copies that output to the real console device and to a "
"log file. There is no standard way of ascertaining the real console device "
"if you have a new-style I</dev/console> device (major 5, minor 1) so "
"B<bootlogd> parses the kernel command line looking for B<console=...> lines "
"and deduces the real console device from that. If that syntax is ever "
"changed by the kernel, or a console type is used that B<bootlogd> does not "
"know about then B<bootlogd> will not work."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
#: ../bootlogd.8:78 ../halt.8:116 ../init.8:337 ../initctl.5:147
#: ../initscript.5:68 ../inittab.5:255 ../killall5.8:48 ../last.1:120
#: ../logsave.8:58 ../mesg.1:53 ../mountpoint.1:66 ../pidof.8:110
#: ../readbootlog.1:52 ../runlevel.8:57 ../shutdown.8:232 ../sulogin.8:84
#: ../utmpdump.1:60 ../wall.1:74
#, no-wrap
msgid "AUTHOR"
msgstr "PENGARANG"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../bootlogd.8:82 ../halt.8:122 ../initscript.5:72 ../killall5.8:51
#: ../last.1:126 ../mesg.1:59 ../mountpoint.1:70 ../pidof.8:113
#: ../runlevel.8:60 ../shutdown.8:238 ../sulogin.8:88 ../wall.1:77
msgid "E<.MT miquels@\\:cistron\\:.nl> Miquel van Smoorenburg E<.ME>"
msgstr "E<.MT miquels@\\:cistron\\:.nl> Miquel van Smoorenburg E<.ME>"
#. type: SH
#: ../bootlogd.8:82 ../fstab-decode.8:67 ../halt.8:122 ../init.8:346
#: ../initctl.5:151 ../initscript.5:72 ../inittab.5:270 ../killall5.8:44
#: ../last.1:126 ../logsave.8:62 ../mesg.1:59 ../mountpoint.1:70 ../pidof.8:104
#: ../readbootlog.1:58 ../runlevel.8:54 ../shutdown.8:238 ../sulogin.8:88
#: ../utmpdump.1:62 ../wall.1:70
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr "LIHAT JUGA"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../bootlogd.8:85
msgid "B<dmesg>(8), B<fdatasync>(3), B<readbootlog>(1)"
msgstr "B<dmesg>(8), B<fdatasync>(3), B<readbootlog>(1)"
#. type: TH
#: ../fstab-decode.8:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "FSTAB-DECODE"
msgstr "FSTAB-DECODE"
#. type: TH
#: ../fstab-decode.8:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "May 2006"
msgstr "Mei 2006"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../fstab-decode.8:24
msgid "fstab-decode - run a command with fstab-encoded arguments"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../fstab-decode.8:27
msgid "B<fstab-decode> I<COMMAND> [I<ARGUMENT>]..."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../fstab-decode.8:34
msgid ""
"B<fstab-decode> decodes escapes (such as newline characters and other "
"whitespace) in the specified I<ARGUMENT>s and uses them to run I<COMMAND>. "
"The argument escaping uses the same rules as path escaping in I</etc/fstab>, "
"I</etc/mtab> and I</proc/mtab>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../fstab-decode.8:38
msgid ""
"In essence B<fstab-decode> can be used anytime we want to pass multiple "
"parameters to a command as a list of command line arguments. It turns output "
"like this:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../fstab-decode.8:43
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/root\n"
"/mnt/remote-disk\n"
"/home\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../fstab-decode.8:49
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Into one long list of parameters, \"/root /mnt/remote-disk /home\". This\n"
"can be useful when trying to work with multiple filesystems at once. For\n"
"instance, we can use it to unmount multiple NFS shares. This program also\n"
"removes whitespace and other characters which might cause programs such\n"
"as B<mount>(8) or B<umount>(8) to fail.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
#: ../fstab-decode.8:50 ../killall5.8:40 ../mountpoint.1:42 ../pidof.8:80
#, no-wrap
msgid "EXIT STATUS"
msgstr "STATUS KELUAR"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../fstab-decode.8:56
msgid ""
"B<fstab-decode> exits with status 127 if I<COMMAND> can't be run. Otherwise "
"it exits with the status returned by I<COMMAND>."
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. }}}
#. {{{ Examples
#. type: SH
#: ../fstab-decode.8:57 ../initctl.5:93 ../initscript.5:28 ../inittab.5:184
#, no-wrap
msgid "EXAMPLES"
msgstr "CONTOH"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../fstab-decode.8:62
msgid ""
"The following example reads I<fstab>, finds all instances of VFAT "
"filesystems and prints their mount points (argument 2 in the I<fstab> "
"file). B<fstab-decode> then runs the specified program, B<umount>(8), and "
"passes it the list of VFAT mountpoints. This unmounts all VFAT partitions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../fstab-decode.8:65
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<fstab-decode umount $(awk \\[aq]$3 == \\[dq]vfat\\[dq] { print $2 }\\[aq]"
" /etc/fstab)>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../fstab-decode.8:68
msgid "B<fstab>(5)"
msgstr "B<fstab>(5)"
#. type: TH
#: ../halt.8:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "HALT"
msgstr "HALT"
#. type: TH
#: ../halt.8:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "Nov 6, 2001"
msgstr "6 November 2001"
#. }}}
#. {{{ Synopsis
#. type: Plain text
#: ../halt.8:27
msgid "halt, reboot, poweroff - stop the system"
msgstr "halt, reboot, poweroff - menghentikan sistem"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../halt.8:36
msgid "B</sbin/halt> [B<-n>] [B<-w>] [B<-d>] [B<-f>] [B<-i>] [B<-p>] [B<-h>]"
msgstr "B</sbin/halt> [B<-n>] [B<-w>] [B<-d>] [B<-f>] [B<-i>] [B<-p>] [B<-h>]"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../halt.8:43
msgid "B</sbin/reboot> [B<-n>] [B<-w>] [B<-d>] [B<-f>] [B<-i>]"
msgstr "B</sbin/reboot> [B<-n>] [B<-w>] [B<-d>] [B<-f>] [B<-i>]"
#. }}}
#. {{{ Description
#. type: Plain text
#: ../halt.8:53
msgid "B</sbin/poweroff> [B<-n>] [B<-w>] [B<-d>] [B<-f>] [B<-i>] [B<-h>]"
msgstr "B</sbin/poweroff> [B<-n>] [B<-w>] [B<-d>] [B<-f>] [B<-i>] [B<-h>]"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../halt.8:57
msgid ""
"B<halt> notes that the system is being brought down in the file I</var/log/"
"wtmp>, and then either tells the kernel to halt, reboot or power-off the "
"system."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../halt.8:63
msgid ""
"If B<halt> or B<reboot> is called when the system is I<not> in runlevel B<0> "
"or B<6>, in other words when it's running normally, B<shutdown> will be "
"invoked instead (with the B<-h> or B<-r> flag). For more info see the "
"B<shutdown>(8) manpage."
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ Options
#. type: Plain text
#: ../halt.8:68
msgid ""
"The rest of this manpage describes the behavior in runlevels 0 and 6, that "
"is when the systems shutdown scripts are being run."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../halt.8:69 ../pidof.8:51 ../shutdown.8:95 ../wall.1:53
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-n>"
msgstr "B<-n>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../halt.8:72
msgid ""
"Don't sync before reboot or halt. Note that the kernel and storage drivers "
"may still sync. This implies B<-d>."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../halt.8:72 ../last.1:102
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-w>"
msgstr "B<-w>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../halt.8:75
msgid ""
"Don't actually reboot or halt but only write the wtmp record (in the I</var/"
"log/wtmp> file)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../halt.8:77
msgid "Don't write the wtmp record."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../halt.8:77 ../shutdown.8:87 ../utmpdump.1:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-f>"
msgstr "B<-f>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../halt.8:79
msgid "Force halt or reboot, don't call B<shutdown>(8)."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../halt.8:79 ../last.1:93
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-i>"
msgstr "B<-i>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../halt.8:83
msgid ""
"Shut down all network interfaces just before B<halt> or B<reboot>. Warning: "
"This may not work on interfaces which do not have an IP address and should "
"ideally be handled by a network manager service."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../halt.8:83 ../readbootlog.1:45 ../shutdown.8:68 ../utmpdump.1:35
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-h>"
msgstr "B<-h>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../halt.8:85
msgid ""
"Put all hard drives on the system in stand-by mode just before halt or power-"
"off."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../halt.8:85 ../mountpoint.1:38
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-p>"
msgstr "B<-p>"
#. }}}
#. {{{ Diagnostics
#. type: Plain text
#: ../halt.8:90
msgid ""
"When halting the system, switch off the power. This is the default when "
"B<halt> is called as B<poweroff>."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
#: ../halt.8:90 ../init.8:327
#, no-wrap
msgid "DIAGNOSTICS"
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ Notes
#. type: Plain text
#: ../halt.8:94
msgid ""
"If you're not the superuser, you will get the message `must be superuser'."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../halt.8:103
msgid ""
"Under older B<sysvinit> releases, B<reboot> and B<halt> should never be "
"called directly. From release 2.74 on B<halt> and B<reboot> invoke "
"B<shutdown>(8) if the system is not in runlevel 0 or 6. This means that if "
"B<halt> or B<reboot> cannot find out the current runlevel (for example, when "
"I</var/run/utmp> hasn't been initialized correctly and I</var/run/runlevel> "
"does not exist) B<shutdown> will be called, which might not be what you "
"want. Use the B<-f> flag if you want to do a hard B<halt> or B<reboot>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../halt.8:109
msgid ""
"The B<-h> flag puts all hard disks in standby mode just before halt or power-"
"off. Right now this is only implemented for IDE drives. A side effect of "
"putting the drive in stand-by mode is that the write cache on the disk is "
"flushed. This is important for IDE drives, since the kernel doesn't flush "
"the write cache itself before power-off."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../halt.8:113
msgid ""
"The B<halt> program uses I</proc/ide/hd*> to find all IDE disk devices, "
"which means that I</proc> needs to be mounted when B<halt> or B<poweroff> is "
"called or the B<-h> switch will do nothing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../halt.8:124
msgid "B<shutdown>(8), B<init>(8)"
msgstr "B<shutdown>(8), B<init>(8)"
#. type: TH
#: ../init.8:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "INIT"
msgstr "INIT"
#. type: TH
#: ../init.8:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "29 Jul 2004"
msgstr "29 Juli 2004"
#. }}}
#. {{{ Synopsis
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:27
msgid "init, telinit - process control initialization"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:34
msgid ""
"B</sbin/init> [B< -a >] [B< -s >] [B< -b >] [ B<-z> I<xxx> ] [B< 0123456Ss >]"
msgstr ""
"B</sbin/init> [B< -a >] [B< -s >] [B< -b >] [ B<-z> I<xxx> ] [B< 0123456Ss >]"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:37
msgid "B</sbin/init> [B< --version >]"
msgstr "B</sbin/init> [B< --version >]"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:41
msgid "B</sbin/telinit> [ B<-t> I<SECONDS> ] [B< 0123456sSQqabcUu >]"
msgstr "B</sbin/telinit> [ B<-t> I<DETIK> ] [B< 0123456sSQqabcUu >]"
#. }}}
#. {{{ Description
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:46
msgid "B</sbin/telinit> [ B<-e> I<VAR>[B<=>I<VAL>] ]"
msgstr ""
#. {{{ init
#. type: SS
#: ../init.8:48
#, no-wrap
msgid "Init"
msgstr "Init"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:55
msgid ""
"B<init> is the parent of all processes. Its primary role is to create "
"processes from a script stored in the file I</etc/inittab> (see "
"B<inittab>(5)). This file usually has entries which cause B<init> to spawn "
"B<getty>s on each line that users can log in. It also controls autonomous "
"processes required by any particular system."
msgstr ""
#. {{{ Runlevels
#. type: SH
#: ../init.8:57
#, no-wrap
msgid "RUNLEVELS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:66
msgid ""
"A I<runlevel> is a software configuration of the system which allows only a "
"selected group of processes to exist. The processes spawned by B<init> for "
"each of these runlevels are defined in the I</etc/inittab> file. B<init> "
"can be in one of eight runlevels: B<0\\(en6> and B<S> (a.k.a. B<s>). The "
"runlevel is changed by having a privileged user run B<telinit>, which sends "
"appropriate signals to B<init>, telling it which runlevel to change to."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:75
msgid ""
"Runlevels B<S>, B<0>, B<1>, and B<6> are reserved. Runlevel S is used to "
"initialize the system on boot. When starting runlevel S (on boot) or "
"runlevel 1 (switching from a multi-user runlevel) the system is entering "
"``single-user mode'', after which the current runlevel is S. Runlevel 0 is "
"used to halt the system; runlevel 6 is used to reboot the system."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:82
msgid ""
"After booting through S the system automatically enters one of the multi-"
"user runlevels 2 through 5, unless there was some problem that needs to be "
"fixed by the administrator in single-user mode. Normally after entering "
"single-user mode the administrator performs maintenance and then reboots the "
"system."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:85
msgid ""
"For more information, see the manpages for B<shutdown>(8) and B<inittab>(5)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:88
msgid ""
"Runlevels 7-9 are also valid, though not really documented. This is because "
"\"traditional\" Unix variants don't use them."
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:92
msgid ""
"Runlevels I<S> and I<s> are the same. Internally they are aliases for the "
"same runlevel."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
#: ../init.8:93
#, no-wrap
msgid "BOOTING"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:100
msgid ""
"After B<init> is invoked as the last step of the kernel boot sequence, it "
"looks for the file I</etc/inittab> to see if there is an entry of the type "
"B<initdefault> (see B<inittab>(5)). The B<initdefault> entry determines the "
"initial runlevel of the system. If there is no such entry (or no I</etc/"
"inittab> at all), a runlevel must be entered at the system console."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:103
msgid ""
"Runlevel B<S> or B<s> initialize the system and do not require an I</etc/"
"inittab> file."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:105
msgid "In single user mode, B</sbin/sulogin> is invoked on I</dev/console>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:109
msgid ""
"When entering single user mode, B<init> initializes the consoles B<stty> "
"settings to sane values. Clocal mode is set. Hardware speed and handshaking "
"are not changed."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:114
msgid ""
"When entering a multi-user mode for the first time, B<init> performs the "
"B<boot> and B<bootwait> entries to allow file systems to be mounted before "
"users can log in. Then all entries matching the runlevel are processed."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:118
msgid ""
"When starting a new process, B<init> first checks whether the file I</etc/"
"initscript> exists. If it does, it uses this script to start the process."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:122
msgid ""
"Each time a child terminates, B<init> records the fact and the reason it "
"died in I</var/run/utmp> and I</var/log/wtmp>, provided that these files "
"exist."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
#: ../init.8:122
#, no-wrap
msgid "CHANGING RUNLEVELS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:132
msgid ""
"After it has spawned all of the processes specified, B<init> waits for one "
"of its descendant processes to die, a powerfail signal, or until it is "
"signaled by B<telinit> to change the system's runlevel. When one of the "
"above three conditions occurs, it re-examines the I</etc/inittab> file. New "
"entries can be added to this file at any time. However, B<init> still waits "
"for one of the above three conditions to occur. To provide for an "
"instantaneous response, the B<telinit Q> or B<q> command can wake up B<init> "
"to re-examine (reload) the I</etc/inittab> file."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:136
msgid ""
"If B<init> is not in single user mode and receives a powerfail signal "
"(SIGPWR), it reads the file I</etc/powerstatus>. It then starts a command "
"based on the contents of this file:"
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../init.8:136
#, no-wrap
msgid "F(AIL)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:139
msgid ""
"Power is failing, UPS is providing the power. Execute the B<powerwait> and "
"B<powerfail> entries."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../init.8:139
#, no-wrap
msgid "O(K)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:141
msgid "The power has been restored, execute the B<powerokwait> entries."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../init.8:141
#, no-wrap
msgid "L(OW)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:144
msgid ""
"The power is failing and the UPS has a low battery. Execute the "
"B<powerfailnow> entries."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:148
msgid ""
"If I</etc/powerstatus> doesn't exist or contains anything else then the "
"letters B<F>, B<O> or B<L>, B<init> will behave as if it has read the letter "
"B<F>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:153
msgid ""
"Usage of B<SIGPWR> and I</etc/powerstatus> is discouraged. Someone wanting "
"to interact with B<init> should use the I</run/initctl> control channel - "
"see the B<initctl>(5) manual page for more documentation about this."
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ telinit
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:165
msgid ""
"When B<init> is requested to change the runlevel, it sends the warning "
"signal B<SIGTERM> to all processes that are undefined in the new runlevel. "
"It then waits 3 seconds before forcibly terminating these processes via the "
"B<SIGKILL> signal. Note that B<init> assumes that all these processes (and "
"their descendants) remain in the same process group which B<init> originally "
"created for them. If any process changes its process group affiliation it "
"will not receive these signals. Such processes need to be terminated "
"separately."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
#: ../init.8:165
#, no-wrap
msgid "TELINIT"
msgstr "TELINIT"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:170
msgid ""
"B</sbin/telinit> is linked to B</sbin/init>. It takes a one-character "
"argument and signals B<init> to perform the appropriate action. The "
"following arguments serve as directives to B<telinit>:"
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../init.8:170
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<0>, B<1>, B<2>, B<3>, B<4>, B<5> or B<6>"
msgstr "B<0>, B<1>, B<2>, B<3>, B<4>, B<5> atau B<6>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:172
msgid "tell B<init> to switch to the specified run level."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../init.8:172
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<a>,"
msgstr "B<a>,"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:175
msgid ""
"tell B<init> to process only those B</etc/inittab> file entries having "
"runlevel B<a>,B<b> or B<c>."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../init.8:175
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Q> or B<q>"
msgstr "B<Q> atau B<q>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:177
msgid "tell B<init> to re-examine the I</etc/inittab> file."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../init.8:177
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<S> or B<s>"
msgstr "B<S> atau B<s>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:179
msgid "tell B<init> to switch to single user mode."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../init.8:179
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<U> or B<u>"
msgstr "B<U> atau B<u>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:184
msgid ""
"tell B<init> to re-execute itself (preserving the state). No re-examining of "
"I</etc/inittab> file happens. Runlevel should be one of B<Ss0123456> "
"otherwise request would be silently ignored."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:188
msgid ""
"B<telinit> can tell B<init> how long it should wait between sending "
"processes the B<SIGTERM> and B<SIGKILL> signals. The default is 3 seconds, "
"but this can be changed with the B<-t> option."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:196
msgid ""
"B<telinit -e> tells B<init> to change the environment for processes it "
"spawns. The argument of B<-e> is either of the form I<VAR>=I<VAL> which "
"sets variable I<VAR> to value I<VAL>, or of the form I<VAR> (without an "
"equality sign) which unsets variable I<VAR>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:199
msgid "B<telinit> can be invoked only by users with appropriate privileges."
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. }}}
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:206
msgid ""
"The B<init> binary checks if it is B<init> or B<telinit> by looking at its "
"I<process id>; the real B<init>'s process id is always B<1>. From this it "
"follows that instead of calling B<telinit> one can also just use B<init> "
"instead as a shortcut."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
#: ../init.8:206 ../wall.1:63
#, no-wrap
msgid "ENVIRONMENT"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:208
msgid "B<Init> sets the following environment variables for all its children:"
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../init.8:208
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PATH>"
msgstr "B<PATH>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:210
msgid "I</bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin>"
msgstr "I</bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin>"
#. type: IP
#: ../init.8:210
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<INIT_VERSION>"
msgstr "B<INIT_VERSION>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:212
msgid ""
"As the name says. Useful to determine if a script runs directly from B<init>."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../init.8:212
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<RUNLEVEL>"
msgstr "B<RUNLEVEL>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:214
msgid "The current system runlevel."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../init.8:214
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PREVLEVEL>"
msgstr "B<PREVLEVEL>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:216
msgid "The previous runlevel (useful after a runlevel switch)."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../init.8:216
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CONSOLE>"
msgstr "B<CONSOLE>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:219
msgid ""
"The system console. This is really inherited from the kernel; however if it "
"is not set B<init> will set it to I</dev/console> by default."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
#: ../init.8:219
#, no-wrap
msgid "BOOTFLAGS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:222
msgid ""
"It is possible to pass a number of flags to B<init> from the boot monitor "
"(eg. LILO or GRUB). B<init> accepts the following flags:"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
#: ../init.8:222
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-s, S, single>"
msgstr "B<-s, S, single>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:227
msgid ""
"Single user mode boot. In this mode I</etc/inittab> is examined and the "
"bootup rc scripts are usually run before the single user mode shell is "
"started."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
#: ../init.8:228
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<1-5>"
msgstr "B<1-5>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:231
msgid "Runlevel to boot into."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
#: ../init.8:232
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-b, emergency>"
msgstr "B<-b, emergency>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:236
msgid ""
"Boot directly into a single user shell without running any other startup "
"scripts."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
#: ../init.8:237
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-a, auto>"
msgstr "B<-a, auto>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:245
msgid ""
"The LILO boot loader adds the word \"auto\" to the command line if it booted "
"the kernel with the default command line (without user intervention). If "
"this is found B<init> sets the \"AUTOBOOT\" environment variable to \"yes\". "
"Note that you cannot use this for any security measures - of course the user "
"could specify \"auto\" or B<-a> on the command line manually."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
#: ../init.8:246
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-z >I<xxx>"
msgstr "B<-z >I<xxx>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:252
msgid ""
"The argument to B<-z> is ignored. You can use this to expand the command "
"line a bit, so that it takes some more space on the stack. B<init> can then "
"manipulate the command line so that B<ps>(1) shows the current runlevel."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
#: ../init.8:253
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<--version>"
msgstr "B<--version>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:259
msgid ""
"This argument, when used on its own, displays the current version of B<init> "
"to the console/stdout. It is a quick way to determine which B<init> software "
"and version is being used. After the version information is displayed, "
"B<init> immediately exits with a return code of zero."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
#: ../init.8:260
#, no-wrap
msgid "INTERFACE"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:266
msgid ""
"B<init> listens on a I<fifo> in /dev, I</run/initctl>, for messages. "
"B<Telinit> uses this to communicate with B<init>. The interface is not very "
"well documented or finished. Those interested should study the I<initreq.h> "
"file in the I<src/> subdirectory of the B<init> source code tar archive."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
#: ../init.8:266
#, no-wrap
msgid "SIGNALS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:268
msgid "Init reacts to several signals:"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
#: ../init.8:268
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SIGHUP>"
msgstr "B<SIGHUP>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:271
msgid "Has the same effect as B<telinit q>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
#: ../init.8:272
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SIGUSR1>"
msgstr "B<SIGUSR1>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:276
msgid ""
"On receipt of this signals, B<init> closes and re-opens its control fifo, B</"
"run/initctl>. Useful for bootscripts when I</dev> is remounted."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
#: ../init.8:276
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SIGUSR2>"
msgstr "B<SIGUSR2>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:283
msgid ""
"When B<init> receives B<SIGUSR2>, B<init> closes and leaves the control "
"fifo, B</run/initctl>, closed. This may be used to make sure B<init> is not "
"holding open any files. However, it also prevents B<init> from switching "
"runlevels. Which means commands like shutdown no longer work. The fifo can "
"be re-opened by sending B<init> the B<SIGUSR1> signal."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
#: ../init.8:283
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SIGINT>"
msgstr "B<SIGINT>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:287
msgid ""
"Normally the kernel sends this signal to B<init> when CTRL-ALT-DEL is "
"pressed. It activates the I<ctrlaltdel> action."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
#: ../init.8:287
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SIGWINCH>"
msgstr "B<SIGWINCH>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:291
msgid ""
"The kernel sends this signal when the I<KeyboardSignal> key is hit. It "
"activates the I<kbrequest> action."
msgstr ""
#. {{{ Conforming to
#. type: SH
#: ../init.8:292
#, no-wrap
msgid "CONFORMING TO"
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ Files
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:300
msgid ""
"B<init> is compatible with the System V init. It works closely together with "
"the scripts in the directories I</etc/init.d> and I</etc/rc{runlevel}.d>. "
"If your system uses this convention, there should be a I<README> file in the "
"directory I</etc/init.d> explaining how these scripts work."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
#: ../init.8:300 ../initctl.5:143 ../initscript.5:65 ../inittab.5:251
#: ../last.1:114 ../readbootlog.1:48 ../shutdown.8:207
#, no-wrap
msgid "FILES"
msgstr "BERKAS"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:308
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/etc/inittab\n"
"/etc/initscript\n"
"/dev/console\n"
"/var/run/utmp\n"
"/var/log/wtmp\n"
"/run/initctl\n"
msgstr ""
"/etc/inittab\n"
"/etc/initscript\n"
"/dev/console\n"
"/var/run/utmp\n"
"/var/log/wtmp\n"
"/run/initctl\n"
#. }}}
#. {{{ Warnings
#. type: SH
#: ../init.8:311
#, no-wrap
msgid "WARNINGS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:317
msgid ""
"B<init> assumes that processes and descendants of processes remain in the "
"same process group which was originally created for them. If the processes "
"change their group, B<init> can't kill them and you may end up with two "
"processes reading from one terminal line."
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ Diagnostics
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:327
msgid ""
"On a Debian system, entering runlevel 1 causes all processes to be killed "
"except for kernel threads and the script that does the killing and other "
"processes in its session. As a consequence of this, it isn't safe to return "
"from runlevel 1 to a multi-user runlevel: daemons that were started in "
"runlevel S and are needed for normal operation are no longer running. The "
"system should be rebooted."
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ Author
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:337
msgid ""
"If B<init> finds that it is continuously respawning an entry more than 10 "
"times in 2 minutes, it will assume that there is an error in the command "
"string, generate an error message on the system console, and refuse to "
"respawn this entry until either 5 minutes has elapsed or it receives a "
"signal. This prevents it from eating up system resources when someone makes "
"a typographical error in the I</etc/inittab> file or the program for the "
"entry is removed."
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ See also
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:346
msgid ""
"E<.MT miquels@\\:cistron\\:.nl> Miquel van Smoorenburg E<.ME , initial "
"manual page by> E<.MT u31b3hs@\\:pool\\:.informatik\\:.rwth-aachen\\:.de> "
"Michael Haardt E<.ME .>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../init.8:356
msgid ""
"B<getty>(1), B<login>(1), B<sh>(1), B<runlevel>(8), B<shutdown>(8), "
"B<kill>(1), B<initctl>(5), B<inittab>(5), B<initscript>(5), B<utmp>(5)"
msgstr ""
"B<getty>(1), B<login>(1), B<sh>(1), B<runlevel>(8), B<shutdown>(8), "
"B<kill>(1), B<initctl>(5), B<inittab>(5), B<initscript>(5), B<utmp>(5)"
#. type: TH
#: ../initctl.5:17
#, no-wrap
msgid "INITCTL"
msgstr "INITCTL"
#. type: TH
#: ../initctl.5:17
#, no-wrap
msgid "April 13, 2018"
msgstr "13 April 2018"
#. type: TH
#: ../initctl.5:17 ../initscript.5:18 ../inittab.5:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "File Formats"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:20
msgid ""
"initctl - /run/initctl is a named pipe which passes commands to SysV init"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:22
msgid "/run/initctl"
msgstr "/run/initctl"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:28
msgid ""
"This document describes the communication pipe set up by SysV B<init> at I</"
"run/initctl>. This named pipe allows programs with the proper permissions "
"(typically programs run by root have read+write access to the pipe) to send "
"signals to the B<init> program (PID 1)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:32
msgid ""
"The B<init> manual page has, up until recently, simply stated that people "
"wishing to understand how to send messages to B<init> should read the init "
"program's source code, but that is not usually practical."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:36
msgid ""
"Messages sent to the pipe to talk to B<init> must have a special format. "
"This format is defined as a C structure and the technical break-down is "
"presented here:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:44
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/*\n"
" * Because of legacy interfaces, \"runlevel\" and \"sleeptime\"\n"
" * aren't in a separate struct in the union.\n"
" *\n"
" * The weird sizes are because init expects the whole\n"
" * struct to be 384 bytes.\n"
" */\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:55
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"struct init_request {\n"
" int magic; /* Magic number */\n"
" int cmd; /* What kind of request */\n"
" int runlevel; /* Runlevel to change to */\n"
" int sleeptime; /* Time between TERM and KILL */\n"
" union {\n"
" struct init_request_bsd bsd;\n"
" char data[368];\n"
" } i;\n"
"};\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:61
msgid ""
"Let's go through the init_request structure one line at a time. The first "
"variable, the \"magic\" number must be of the value 0x03091969. The B<init> "
"program then knows that only programs with root access which send this magic "
"number are authorized to communicate with init."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:64
msgid ""
"The I<cmd> variable is a value in the range of 0-8 (currently). This I<cmd> "
"variable tells init what we want it to do. Here are the possible options:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:66
msgid "1 - Set the current runlevel, specified by the runlevel variable."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:68
msgid ""
"2 - The power will fail soon (probably low battery) prepare to shutdown."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:70
msgid "3 - The power is failing, do shutdown immediately."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:72
msgid "4 - The power is okay, cancel shutdown."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:75
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"6 - Set an environment variable to a value to be specified in \n"
" the I<data> variable of this structure.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:78
msgid ""
"Other I<cmd> options may be added to B<init> later. For example, command "
"values 0, 5 and 7 are defined but currently not implemented."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:80
msgid "The I<runlevel> variable will specify the runlevel to switch to (0-6)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:84
msgid ""
"The I<sleeptime> variable is to be used when we want to tell B<init> to "
"change the time spent waiting between sending B<SIGTERM> and B<SIGKILL> "
"during the shutdown process. Changing this at run time is not yet "
"implemented."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:88
msgid ""
"The I<data> variable (in the union) can be used to pass misc data which init "
"might need to process our request. For example, when setting environment "
"variables."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:92
msgid ""
"When setting an environment variable through B<init>'s I</run/initctl> pipe, "
"the data variable should have the format I<VARIABLE>=I<VALUE>. The string "
"should be terminated with a NULL character."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:99
msgid ""
"The following C code example shows how to send a set environment variable "
"request to the B<init> process using the I</run/initctl> pipe. This example "
"is simplified and skips the error checking. A more complete example can be "
"found in the shutdown.c program's B<init_setnv>() function."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:103
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"struct init_request request; /* structure defined above */\n"
"int fd; /* file descriptor for pipe */\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:108
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"memset(&request, 0, sizeof(request)); /* initialize structure */\n"
"request.magic = 0x03091969; /* magic number required */\n"
"request.cmd = 6; /* 6 is to set a variable */\n"
"sprintf(request.data, \"VARIABLE=VALUE\"); /* set VAR to VALUE in init */\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:116
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"if ((fd = open(INIT_FIFO, O_WRONLY)) E<gt>= 0) /* open pipe for writing */\n"
"{ \n"
" size_t s = sizeof(request); /* size of structure to write */\n"
" void *ptr = &request; /* temporary pointer */\n"
" write(fd, ptr, s); /* send structure to the pipe */\n"
" close(fd); /* close the pipe when done */\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:125
msgid ""
"Usually the I</run/initctl> pipe would only be used by low-level programs to "
"request a power-related shutdown or change the runlevel, like B<telinit> "
"would do. Most of the time there is no need to talk to B<init> directly, but "
"this gives us an extendable approach so B<init> can be taught how to learn "
"more commands."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:130
msgid ""
"The commands passed through the I</run/initctl> pipe must be sent in a "
"specific binary format and be of a specific length. Larger data structures "
"or ones not using the proper format will be ignored. Typically, only root "
"has the ability to write to the initctl pipe for security reasons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:138
msgid ""
"The I</run/initctl> pipe can be closed by sending init (PID 1) the "
"B<SIGUSR2> signal. This closes the pipe and leaves it closed. This may be "
"useful for making sure B<init> is not keeping any files open. However, when "
"the pipe is closed, B<init> no longer receives signals, such as those sent "
"by B<shutdown>(8) or B<telinit>(8). In other words if we close the pipe, "
"B<init> cannot change its runlevel directly. The pipe may be re-opened by "
"sending B<init> (PID 1) the B<SIGUSR1> signal."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:142
msgid ""
"If the I</run/initctl> pipe is closed then it may still be possible to bring "
"down the system using the B<shutdown>(8) command's B<-n> flag, but this is "
"not always clean and not recommended."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:146
msgid "/run/initctl /sbin/init"
msgstr "/run/initctl /sbin/init"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:151
msgid "E<.MT jsmith@\\:resonatingmedia\\:.com > Jesse Smith E<.ME>"
msgstr "E<.MT jsmith@\\:resonatingmedia\\:.com > Jesse Smith E<.ME>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initctl.5:152
msgid "B<init>(8)"
msgstr "B<init>(8)"
#. type: TH
#: ../initscript.5:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "INITSCRIPT"
msgstr "INITSCRIPT"
#. type: TH
#: ../initscript.5:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "July 10, 2003"
msgstr "10 Juli 2003"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initscript.5:21
msgid "initscript - script that executes inittab commands"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initscript.5:23
msgid "/bin/sh /etc/initscript id runlevels action process"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initscript.5:28
msgid ""
"When the shell script I</etc/initscript> is present, B<init> will use it to "
"execute the commands from I<inittab>. This script can be used to set things "
"like I<ulimit> and I<umask> default values for every process."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initscript.5:31
msgid ""
"This is a sample initscript, which might be installed on your system as I</"
"etc/initscript.sample>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initscript.5:42
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#\n"
"# initscript Executed by init(8) for every program it\n"
"# wants to spawn like this:\n"
"#\n"
"# /bin/sh /etc/initscript E<lt>idE<gt> E<lt>levelE<gt> E<lt"
">actionE<gt> E<lt>processE<gt>\n"
"#\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initscript.5:48
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" # Set umask to safe level, and enable core dumps.\n"
" umask 022\n"
" ulimit -c 2097151\n"
" PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin\n"
" export PATH\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initscript.5:54
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" # Increase the hard file descriptor limit for all processes\n"
" # to 8192. The soft limit is still 1024, but any unprivileged\n"
" # process can increase its soft limit up to the hard limit\n"
" # with \"ulimit -Sn xxx\" (needs a 2.2.13 or later Linux kernel).\n"
" ulimit -Hn 8192\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initscript.5:57
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" # Execute the program.\n"
" eval exec \"$4\"\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initscript.5:65
msgid ""
"This script is not meant as startup script for daemons or services. It has "
"nothing to do with a I<rc.local> style script. It's just a handler for "
"things executed from B</etc/inittab>. Experimenting with this can make your "
"system un(re)bootable."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initscript.5:68
msgid "/etc/inittab, /etc/initscript."
msgstr "/etc/inittab, /etc/initscript."
#. type: Plain text
#: ../initscript.5:74
msgid "B<inittab>(5), B<init>(8)"
msgstr "B<inittab>(5), B<init>(8)"
#. type: TH
#: ../inittab.5:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "INITTAB"
msgstr "INITTAB"
#. type: TH
#: ../inittab.5:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "Dec 4, 2001"
msgstr "4 Desember 2001"
#. }}}
#. {{{ Description
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:28
msgid ""
"inittab - format of the inittab file used by the sysv-compatible init process"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:36
msgid ""
"The B<inittab> file describes which processes are started at bootup and "
"during normal operation (e.g.\\& /etc/init.d/boot, /etc/init.d/rc, "
"gettys...). B<init>(8) distinguishes multiple I<runlevels>, each of which "
"can have its own set of processes that are started. Valid runlevels are "
"B<0>-B<6> plus B<A>, B<B>, and B<C> for B<ondemand> entries. An entry in "
"the B<inittab> file has the following format:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:39
msgid "I<id>:I<runlevels>:I<action>:I<process>"
msgstr ""
#. {{{ id
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:43
msgid "Lines beginning with `#' are ignored."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../inittab.5:43
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<id>"
msgstr "I<id>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:48
msgid ""
"is a unique sequence of 1-4 characters which identifies an entry in "
"B<inittab> (for versions of sysvinit compiled with the I<old> libc5 (E<lt> "
"5.2.18) or a.out libraries the limit is 2 characters)."
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ runlevels
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:55
msgid ""
"Note: traditionally, for getty and other login processes, the value of the "
"I<id> field is kept the same as the suffix of the corresponding tty, e.g.\\& "
"B<1> for B<tty1>. Some ancient login accounting programs might expect this, "
"though I can't think of any."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../inittab.5:55
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<runlevels>"
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ action
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:59
msgid "lists the runlevels for which the specified action should be taken."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../inittab.5:59
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<action>"
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ process
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:63
msgid "describes which action should be taken."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../inittab.5:63
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<process>"
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:71
msgid ""
"specifies the process to be executed. If the process field starts with a `"
"+' character, B<init> will not do utmp and wtmp accounting for that "
"process. This is needed for gettys that insist on doing their own utmp/wtmp "
"housekeeping. This is also a historic bug. The length of this field is "
"limited to 127 characters."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:78
msgid ""
"The I<runlevels> field may contain multiple characters for different "
"runlevels. For example, B<123> specifies that the process should be started "
"in runlevels 1, 2, and 3. The I<runlevels> for B<ondemand> entries may "
"contain an B<A>, B<B>, or B<C>. The I<runlevels> field of B<sysinit>, "
"B<boot>, and B<bootwait> entries are ignored."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:82
msgid ""
"When the system runlevel is changed, any running processes that are not "
"specified for the new runlevel are killed, first with \\s-2SIGTERM\\s0, then "
"with \\s-2SIGKILL\\s0."
msgstr ""
#. {{{ respawn
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:85
msgid "Valid actions for the I<action> field are:"
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../inittab.5:85
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<respawn>"
msgstr "B<respawn>"
#. }}}
#. {{{ wait
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:89
msgid "The process will be restarted whenever it terminates (e.g.\\& getty)."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../inittab.5:89
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<wait>"
msgstr "B<wait>"
#. }}}
#. {{{ once
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:95
msgid ""
"The process will be started once when the specified runlevel is entered and "
"B<init> will wait for its termination."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../inittab.5:95
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<once>"
msgstr "B<once>"
#. }}}
#. {{{ boot
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:100
msgid ""
"The process will be executed once when the specified runlevel is entered."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../inittab.5:100
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<boot>"
msgstr "B<boot>"
#. }}}
#. {{{ bootwait
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:105
msgid ""
"The process will be executed during system boot. The I<runlevels> field is "
"ignored."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../inittab.5:105
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<bootwait>"
msgstr "B<bootwait>"
#. }}}
#. {{{ off
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:112
msgid ""
"The process will be executed during system boot, while B<init> waits for its "
"termination (e.g.\\& /etc/rc). The I<runlevels> field is ignored."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../inittab.5:112
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<off>"
msgstr "B<off>"
#. }}}
#. {{{ ondemand
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:116
msgid "This does nothing."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../inittab.5:116
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ondemand>"
msgstr "B<ondemand>"
#. }}}
#. {{{ initdefault
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:123
msgid ""
"A process marked with an B<ondemand> runlevel will be executed whenever the "
"specified B<ondemand> runlevel is called. However, no runlevel change will "
"occur (B<ondemand> runlevels are `a', `b', and `c')."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../inittab.5:123
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<initdefault>"
msgstr "B<initdefault>"
#. }}}
#. {{{ sysinit
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:130
msgid ""
"An B<initdefault> entry specifies the runlevel which should be entered after "
"system boot. If none exists, B<init> will ask for a runlevel on the "
"console. The I<process> field is ignored."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../inittab.5:130
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<sysinit>"
msgstr "B<sysinit>"
#. }}}
#. {{{ powerwait
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:136
msgid ""
"The process will be executed during system boot. It will be executed before "
"any B<boot> or B< bootwait> entries. The I<runlevels> field is ignored."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../inittab.5:136
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<powerwait>"
msgstr "B<powerwait>"
#. }}}
#. {{{ powerfail
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:142
msgid ""
"The process will be executed when the power goes down. B<init> is usually "
"informed about this by a process talking to a UPS connected to the "
"computer. B<init> will wait for the process to finish before continuing."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../inittab.5:142
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<powerfail>"
msgstr "B<powerfail>"
#. }}}
#. {{{ powerokwait
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:147
msgid ""
"As for B<powerwait>, except that B<init> does not wait for the process's "
"completion."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../inittab.5:147
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<powerokwait>"
msgstr "B<powerokwait>"
#. }}}
#. {{{ powerfailnow
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:152
msgid ""
"This process will be executed as soon as B<init> is informed that the power "
"has been restored."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../inittab.5:152
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<powerfailnow>"
msgstr "B<powerfailnow>"
#. }}}
#. {{{ ctrlaltdel
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:158
msgid ""
"This process will be executed when B<init> is told that the battery of the "
"external UPS is almost empty and the power is failing (provided that the "
"external UPS and the monitoring process are able to detect this condition)."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../inittab.5:158
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ctrlaltdel>"
msgstr "B<ctrlaltdel>"
#. }}}
#. {{{ kbrequest
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:166
msgid ""
"The process will be executed when B<init> receives the B<SIGINT> signal. "
"This means that someone on the system console has pressed the B<CTRL-ALT-"
"DEL> key combination. Typically one wants to execute some sort of "
"B<shutdown> either to get into single-user level or to reboot the machine."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../inittab.5:166
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<kbrequest>"
msgstr "B<kbrequest>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:170
msgid ""
"The process will be executed when B<init> receives a signal from the "
"keyboard handler that a special key combination was pressed on the console "
"keyboard."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:176
msgid ""
"The documentation for this function is not complete yet; more documentation "
"can be found in the kbd-x.xx packages (most recent was kbd-0.94 at the time "
"of this writing). Basically you want to map some keyboard combination to the "
"\"KeyboardSignal\" action. For example, to map Alt-Uparrow for this purpose "
"use the following in your keymaps file:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:179
msgid "alt keycode 103 = KeyboardSignal"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:186
msgid "This is an example of a inittab which resembles the old Linux inittab:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:197
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# inittab for linux\n"
"id:1:initdefault:\n"
"rc::bootwait:/etc/rc\n"
"1:1:respawn:/etc/getty 9600 tty1\n"
"2:1:respawn:/etc/getty 9600 tty2\n"
"3:1:respawn:/etc/getty 9600 tty3\n"
"4:1:respawn:/etc/getty 9600 tty4\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:202
msgid ""
"This inittab file executes I</etc/rc> during boot and starts gettys on tty1-"
"tty4."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:205
msgid ""
"A more elaborate B<inittab> with different runlevels (see the comments "
"inside):"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:211
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# Level to run in\n"
"id:2:initdefault:\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:214
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# Boot-time system configuration/initialization script.\n"
"si::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:217
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# What to do in single-user mode.\n"
"~:S:wait:/sbin/sulogin\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:225
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# /etc/init.d executes the S and K scripts upon change\n"
"# of runlevel.\n"
"#\n"
"# Runlevel 0 is halt.\n"
"# Runlevel 1 is single-user.\n"
"# Runlevels 2-5 are multi-user.\n"
"# Runlevel 6 is reboot.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:233
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"l0:0:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 0\n"
"l1:1:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 1\n"
"l2:2:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 2\n"
"l3:3:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 3\n"
"l4:4:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 4\n"
"l5:5:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 5\n"
"l6:6:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 6\n"
msgstr ""
"l0:0:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 0\n"
"l1:1:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 1\n"
"l2:2:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 2\n"
"l3:3:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 3\n"
"l4:4:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 4\n"
"l5:5:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 5\n"
"l6:6:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 6\n"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:236
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# What to do at the \"3 finger salute\".\n"
"ca::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -h now\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:245
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# Runlevel 2,3: getty on virtual consoles\n"
"# Runlevel 3: getty on terminal (ttyS0) and modem (ttyS1)\n"
"1:23:respawn:/sbin/getty tty1 VC linux\n"
"2:23:respawn:/sbin/getty tty2 VC linux\n"
"3:23:respawn:/sbin/getty tty3 VC linux\n"
"4:23:respawn:/sbin/getty tty4 VC linux\n"
"S0:3:respawn:/sbin/getty -L 9600 ttyS0 vt320\n"
"S1:3:respawn:/sbin/mgetty -x0 -D ttyS1\n"
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ Author
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:255
msgid "/etc/inittab"
msgstr "/etc/inittab"
#. }}}
#. {{{ See also
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:270
msgid ""
"B<init> was written by E<.MT miquels@\\:cistron\\:.nl> Miquel van "
"Smoorenburg E<.ME .> This manual page was written by E<.MT lederer@\\:"
"francium\\:.informatik\\:.uni-bonn\\:.de> Sebastian Lederer E<.ME> and "
"modified by E<.MT u31b3hs@\\:pool\\:.informatik\\:.rwth-aachen\\:.de> "
"Michael Haardt E<.ME .>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../inittab.5:272
msgid "B<init>(8), B<telinit>(8)"
msgstr "B<init>(8), B<telinit>(8)"
#. type: TH
#: ../killall5.8:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "KILLALL5"
msgstr "KILLALL5"
#. type: TH
#: ../killall5.8:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "04 Nov 2003"
msgstr "4 November 2003"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../killall5.8:21
msgid "killall5 - send a signal to all processes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../killall5.8:28
msgid ""
"B<killall5> B<-signalnumber> [B<-o> I<omitpid>[,I<omitpid>...]] [B<-o> "
"I<omitpid>[,I<omitpid>...]...]"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../killall5.8:34
msgid ""
"B<killall5> is the SystemV B<killall> command. It sends a signal to all "
"processes except kernel threads and the processes in its own session, so it "
"won't kill the shell that is running the script it was called from. Its "
"primary (only) use is in the B<rc> scripts found in the I</etc/init.d> "
"directory."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../killall5.8:35
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
#| msgid "B<-f>, B<--force>"
msgid "B<-o> I<omitpid>"
msgstr "B<-f>, B<--force>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../killall5.8:37
msgid "Tells B<killall5> to omit processes with that process id."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../killall5.8:40
msgid ""
"B<killall5> can also be invoked as B<pidof>(8), which is simply a (symbolic) "
"link to the B<killall5> program."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../killall5.8:44
msgid ""
"The program return zero if it killed processes. It returns 2 if no process "
"were killed, and 1 if it was unable to find any processes (I</proc/> is "
"missing)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../killall5.8:48
msgid "B<halt>(8), B<reboot>(8), B<pidof>(8)"
msgstr "B<halt>(8), B<reboot>(8), B<pidof>(8)"
#. type: TH
#: ../last.1:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "LAST,"
msgstr "LAST,"
#. type: TH
#: ../last.1:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "1"
msgstr "1"
#. type: TH
#: ../last.1:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "Jul 31, 2004"
msgstr "31 Juli 2004"
#. }}}
#. {{{ Synopsis
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:27
msgid "last, lastb - show listing of last logged in users"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:37
msgid ""
"B<last> [B<-R>] [B<->I<num>] [-B<n> I<num\\/>] [B<-adFiowx>] [-B<f> I<file\\/"
">] [-B<t> I<YYYYMMDDHHMMSS\\/>] [I<name...>] [I<tty...>]"
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ Description
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:48
msgid ""
"B<lastb> [B<-R>] [B<->I<num>] [-B<n> I<num\\/>] [-B<f> I<file\\/>] [B<-"
"adFiowx>] [I<name...>] [I<tty...>]"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:56
msgid ""
"B<Last> searches back through the file B</var/log/wtmp> (or the file "
"designated by the B<-f> flag) and displays a list of all users logged in "
"(and out) since that file was created. Names of users and tty's can be "
"given, in which case B<last> will show only those entries matching the "
"arguments. Names of ttys can be abbreviated, thus B<last 0> is the same as "
"B<last tty0>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:61
msgid ""
"When B<last> catches a B<SIGINT> signal (generated by the interrupt key, "
"usually control-C) or a B<SIGQUIT> signal (generated by the quit key, "
"usually control-\\e), B<last> will show how far it has searched through the "
"file; in the case of the B<SIGINT> signal B<last> will then terminate."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:65
msgid ""
"The pseudo user B<reboot> logs in each time the system is rebooted. Thus "
"B<last reboot> will show a log of all reboots since the log file was created."
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ Options
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:70
msgid ""
"B<lastb> is the same as B<last>, except that by default it shows a log of "
"the file B</var/log/btmp>, which contains all the bad login attempts."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../last.1:71 ../readbootlog.1:43
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-f> I<file>"
msgstr "B<-f> I<berkas>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:73
msgid "Tells B<last> to use a specific file instead of I</var/log/wtmp>."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../last.1:73
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<->I<num>"
msgstr "B<->I<nomor>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:75
msgid "This is a count telling B<last> how many lines to show."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../last.1:75
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-n> I<num>"
msgstr "B<-n> I<nomor>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:77
msgid "The same."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../last.1:77
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-t> I<YYYYMMDDHHMMSS>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:82
msgid ""
"Display the state of logins as of the specified time. This is useful, e.g., "
"to determine easily who was logged in at a particular time -- specify that "
"time with B<-t> and look for \"still logged in\"."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../last.1:82
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-R>"
msgstr "B<-R>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:84
msgid "Suppresses the display of the hostname field."
msgstr ""
#. {{{ -a
#. type: IP
#: ../last.1:84 ../logsave.8:40 ../shutdown.8:56
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-a>"
msgstr "B<-a>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:87
msgid ""
"Display the hostname in the last column. Useful in combination with the next "
"flag."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:91
msgid ""
"For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the host name of the remote host "
"but its IP number as well. This option translates the IP number back into a "
"hostname."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../last.1:91 ../shutdown.8:91
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-F>"
msgstr "B<-F>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:93
msgid "Print full login and logout times and dates."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:96
msgid ""
"This option is like B<-d> in that it displays the IP number of the remote "
"host, but it displays the IP number in numbers-and-dots notation."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../last.1:96
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-l>"
msgstr "B<-l>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:100
msgid ""
"This option allows the display of usernames longer than 8 characters. This "
"may mess up formatting in some programs and make the output wider than the "
"standard 80 characters."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../last.1:100 ../utmpdump.1:33
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-o>"
msgstr "B<-o>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:102
msgid "Read an old-type wtmp file (written by linux-libc5 applications)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:104
msgid "Display full user and domain names in the output."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../last.1:104 ../mountpoint.1:40 ../pidof.8:63
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-x>"
msgstr "B<-x>"
#. }}}
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:107
msgid "Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes."
msgstr ""
#. {{{ Files
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:114
msgid ""
"The files I<wtmp> and I<btmp> might not be found. The system only logs "
"information in these files if they are present. This is a local "
"configuration issue. If you want the files to be used, they can be created "
"with a simple B<touch>(1) command (for example, B<touch /var/log/wtmp>)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:116
msgid "/var/log/wtmp"
msgstr "/var/log/wtmp"
#. }}}
#. {{{ Author
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:120
msgid "/var/log/btmp"
msgstr "/var/log/btmp"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../last.1:129
msgid "B<shutdown>(8), B<login>(1), B<init>(8)"
msgstr "B<shutdown>(8), B<login>(1), B<init>(8)"
#. type: TH
#: ../logsave.8:5
#, no-wrap
msgid "LOGSAVE"
msgstr "LOGSAVE"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../logsave.8:8
msgid "logsave - save the output of a command in a logfile"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../logsave.8:14
msgid "B<logsave> [ B<-asv> ] I<logfile cmd_prog [ ... ]>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../logsave.8:27
msgid ""
"The B<logsave> program will execute I<cmd_prog> with the specified "
"argument(s), and save a copy of its output to I<logfile>. If the containing "
"directory for I<logfile> does not exist, B<logsave> will accumulate the "
"output in memory until it can be written out. A copy of the output will "
"also be written to standard output."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../logsave.8:34
msgid ""
"If I<cmd_prog> is a single hyphen ('-'), then instead of executing a "
"program, B<logsave> will take its input from standard input and save it in "
"I<logfile>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../logsave.8:39
msgid ""
"B<logsave> is useful for saving the output of initial boot scripts until the "
"I</var> partition is mounted, so the output can be written to I</var/log>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../logsave.8:45
msgid ""
"This option will cause the output to be appended to I<logfile>, instead of "
"replacing its current contents."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../logsave.8:53
msgid ""
"This option will cause B<logsave> to skip writing to the log file text which "
"is bracketed with a control-A (ASCII 001 or Start of Header) and control-B "
"(ASCII 002 or Start of Text). This allows progress bar information to be "
"visible to the user on the console, while not being written to the log file."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../logsave.8:58
msgid ""
"This option will make B<logsave> to be more verbose in its output to the "
"user."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../logsave.8:62
msgid "E<.MT tytso@mit\\:.edu> Theodore Ts'o E<.ME>"
msgstr "E<.MT tytso@mit\\:.edu> Theodore Ts'o E<.ME>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../logsave.8:63
msgid "B<fsck>(8)"
msgstr "B<fsck>(8)"
#. type: TH
#: ../mesg.1:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "MESG"
msgstr "MESG"
#. type: TH
#: ../mesg.1:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "Feb 26, 2001"
msgstr "26 Februari 2001"
#. type: TH
#: ../mesg.1:20 ../mountpoint.1:18 ../readbootlog.1:20 ../utmpdump.1:18
#: ../wall.1:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "User Commands"
msgstr "Penggunaan halaman buku panduan"
#. }}}
#. {{{ Synopsis
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mesg.1:27
msgid "mesg - control write access to your terminal"
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ Description
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mesg.1:32
msgid "B<mesg> [B<y>|B<n>]"
msgstr "B<mesg> [B<y>|B<n>]"
#. }}}
#. {{{ Options
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mesg.1:38
msgid ""
"B<mesg> controls the access to your terminal by others. It's typically used "
"to allow or disallow other users to write to your terminal (see B<write>(1))."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../mesg.1:39
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<y>"
msgstr "B<y>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mesg.1:41
msgid "Allow write access to your terminal."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../mesg.1:41
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<n>"
msgstr "B<n>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mesg.1:43
msgid "Disallow write access to your terminal."
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ Notes
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mesg.1:48
msgid ""
"If no option is given, B<mesg> prints out the current access state of your "
"terminal."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mesg.1:53
msgid ""
"B<mesg> assumes that its standard input is connected to your terminal. That "
"also means that if you are logged in multiple times, you can get/set the "
"mesg status of other sessions by using redirection. For example \"mesg n "
"E<lt> /dev/pts/46\"."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mesg.1:62
msgid "B<talk>(1), B<write>(1), B<wall>(1)"
msgstr "B<talk>(1), B<write>(1), B<wall>(1)"
#. type: TH
#: ../mountpoint.1:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "MOUNTPOINT"
msgstr "MOUNTPOINT"
#. type: TH
#: ../mountpoint.1:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "Mar 15, 2004"
msgstr "15 Maret 2004"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mountpoint.1:21
msgid "mountpoint - see if a directory is a mountpoint"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mountpoint.1:26
msgid "B<mountpoint> [B<-q>] [B<-d>] I</path/to/directory>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mountpoint.1:30
msgid "B<mountpoint> B<-x> I</dev/device>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mountpoint.1:32
msgid "B<mountpoint> checks if the directory is a mountpoint."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../mountpoint.1:34 ../pidof.8:60 ../shutdown.8:107
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-q>"
msgstr "B<-q>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mountpoint.1:36
msgid "Be quiet - don't print anything."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mountpoint.1:38
msgid "Print major/minor device number of the filesystem on stdout."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mountpoint.1:40
msgid ""
"Check Linux's I</proc/mounts> file to try to detect circular mount points."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mountpoint.1:42
msgid "Print major/minor device number of the blockdevice on stdout."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mountpoint.1:44
msgid "Zero if the directory is a mountpoint, non-zero if not."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mountpoint.1:48
msgid ""
"Symbolic links are not followed, except when the B<-x> option is used. To "
"force following symlinks, add a trailing slash to the path of the directory."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mountpoint.1:52
msgid ""
"The name of the command is misleading when the B<-x> option is used, but the "
"option is useful for comparing if a directory and a device match up, and "
"there is no other command that can print the info easily."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mountpoint.1:57
msgid ""
"The mountpoint command fails when a directory is binded to one of its "
"grandparents. For example, if /a/b/c/d is a mount point for /a/b then "
"mountpoint will report /a/b/c/d is not a valid mount point. This is because "
"both the original directory and its new mount point share the same inode and "
"device number."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mountpoint.1:66
msgid ""
"The circular mount problem can be worked around on Linux systems by using "
"theB<-p> flag to check the I</proc/mounts> file for references to the "
"circular mount bind. When using the B<-p> flag, make sure to specify the "
"full path (ie I</home/user/mp> and not just I<mp>). Also, B<mountpoint> may "
"still fail if there are spaces in the mount point's path, even when using "
"the B<-p> flag because of the way B</proc/mounts> mangles the spaces in the "
"path name. Of course, if the admin is using circular mount points with "
"spaces in the name, there are bigger concerns."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../mountpoint.1:71
msgid "B<stat>(1)"
msgstr "B<stat>(1)"
#. type: TH
#: ../pidof.8:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "PIDOF"
msgstr "PIDOF"
#. type: TH
#: ../pidof.8:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "01 Sep 1998"
msgstr "1 September 1998"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../pidof.8:21
msgid "pidof - find the process ID of a running program"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../pidof.8:36
msgid ""
"B<pidof> [B<-s>] [B<-c>] [B<-n>] [B<-x>] [B<-z>] [B<-o> I<omitpid[,"
"omitpid...]>] [B<-o> I<omitpid[,omitpid...]...>] [B<-d> I<sep>] I<program> "
"[I<program...>]"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../pidof.8:44
msgid ""
"B<pidof> finds the process id's (PIDs) of the named programs. It prints "
"those id's on the standard output. This program is on some systems used in "
"run-level change scripts, especially when the system has a I<System-V> like "
"I<rc> structure. In that case these scripts are located in I</etc/rc?.d>, "
"where ? is the runlevel. If the system has a B<start-stop-daemon>(8) program "
"that should be used instead."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../pidof.8:47
msgid "Single shot - this instructs the program to only return one I<pid>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../pidof.8:51
msgid ""
"Only return process PIDs that are running with the same root directory. "
"This option is ignored for non-root users, as they will be unable to check "
"the current root directory of processes they do not own."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../pidof.8:60
msgid ""
"Avoid B<stat>(2) system function call on all binaries which are located on "
"network based file systems like B<NFS>. Instead of using this option the "
"variable B<PIDOF_NETFS> may be set and exported."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../pidof.8:63
msgid ""
"Do not display matched PIDs to standard out. Simply exit with a status of "
"true or false to indicate whether a matching PID was found."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../pidof.8:66
msgid ""
"Scripts too - this causes the program to also return process id's of shells "
"running the named scripts."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../pidof.8:66
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-z>"
msgstr "B<-z>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../pidof.8:73
msgid ""
"Try to detect processes which are stuck in zombie (Z) status. Usually these "
"processes are skipped as trying to deal with them can cause pidof or related "
"tools to hang. Note: In the past pidof would ignore processes in the "
"uninterruptable state (D), unless the B<-z> flag was specified. This is no "
"longer the case. The B<pidof> program will find and report processes in the "
"D state whether B<-z> is specified or not."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../pidof.8:73
#, no-wrap
msgid "-d I<sep>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../pidof.8:76
msgid ""
"Tells I<pidof> to use I<sep> as an output separator if more than one PID is "
"shown. The default separator is a space."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../pidof.8:76
#, no-wrap
msgid "-o I<omitpid>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../pidof.8:80
msgid ""
"Tells I<pidof> to omit processes with that process id. The special pid B<"
"%PPID> can be used to name the parent process of the B<pidof> program, in "
"other words the calling shell or shell script."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
#: ../pidof.8:81
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<0>"
msgstr "B<0>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../pidof.8:84
msgid "At least one program was found with the requested name."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
#: ../pidof.8:84
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<1>"
msgstr "B<1>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../pidof.8:87
msgid "No program was found with the requested name."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../pidof.8:90
msgid ""
"I<pidof> is actually the same program as B<killall5>(8); the program behaves "
"according to the name under which it is called."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../pidof.8:98
msgid ""
"When B<pidof> is invoked with a full pathname to the program it should find "
"the pid of, it is reasonably safe. Otherwise it is possible that it returns "
"PIDs of running programs that happen to have the same name as the program "
"you're after but are actually other programs. Note that the executable name "
"of running processes is calculated with B<readlink>(2), so symbolic links to "
"executables will also match."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../pidof.8:103
msgid ""
"Zombie processes or processes in disk sleep (states Z and D, respectively) "
"are ignored, as attempts to access the stats of these will sometimes fail. "
"The B<-z> flag (see above) tells B<pidof> to try to detect these sleeping "
"and zombie processes, at the risk of failing or hanging."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../pidof.8:110
msgid "B<shutdown>(8), B<init>(8), B<halt>(8), B<reboot>(8), B<killall5>(8)"
msgstr "B<shutdown>(8), B<init>(8), B<halt>(8), B<reboot>(8), B<killall5>(8)"
#. type: TH
#: ../readbootlog.1:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "READBOOTLOG"
msgstr "READBOOTLOG"
#. type: TH
#: ../readbootlog.1:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOV 12, 2018"
msgstr "12 November 2018"
#. }}}
#. {{{ Synopsis
#. type: Plain text
#: ../readbootlog.1:27
msgid ""
"readbootlog - show contents of the boot log, stripping away control "
"characters"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../readbootlog.1:31
msgid "B<readbootlog> [B<-h>] [-B<f> I<file\\/>]"
msgstr "B<readbootlog> [B<-h>] [-B<f> I<berkas\\/>]"
#. }}}
#. {{{ Options
#. type: Plain text
#: ../readbootlog.1:42
msgid ""
"B<readbootlog> is a tool for reading the boot log (by default I</var/log/"
"boot>). The program strips away control characters and non-human readable "
"contents from the log file. Output is dumped to the terminal where it can be "
"piped or redirected to a file."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../readbootlog.1:45
msgid ""
"Tells B<readbootlog> to use a specific file instead of I</var/log/boot>."
msgstr ""
#. {{{ Files
#. type: Plain text
#: ../readbootlog.1:48
msgid "Displays a brief help message."
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ Author
#. type: Plain text
#: ../readbootlog.1:52
msgid "/var/log/boot"
msgstr "/var/log/boot"
#. }}}
#. {{{ See also
#. type: Plain text
#: ../readbootlog.1:58
msgid "E<.MT jsmith@\\:resonatingmedia\\:.com> Jesse Smith E<.ME>"
msgstr "E<.MT jsmith@\\:resonatingmedia\\:.com> Jesse Smith E<.ME>"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../readbootlog.1:59
msgid "B<bootlogd>(8)"
msgstr "B<bootlogd>(8)"
#. type: TH
#: ../runlevel.8:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "RUNLEVEL"
msgstr "RUNLEVEL"
#. type: TH
#: ../runlevel.8:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "May 27, 1997"
msgstr "27 Mei 1997"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../runlevel.8:21
msgid "runlevel - find the previous and current system runlevel"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../runlevel.8:24
msgid "B<runlevel> [I<utmp>]"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../runlevel.8:34
msgid ""
"B<runlevel> reads the system I<utmp> file (typically I</var/run/utmp>) to "
"locate the runlevel record, and then prints the previous and current system "
"runlevel on its standard output, separated by a single space. If there is no "
"previous system runlevel, the letter B<N> will be printed instead."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../runlevel.8:42
msgid ""
"If no I<utmp> file exists, and if no runlevel record can be found in the I</"
"var/run/runlevel> file, B<runlevel> prints the word B<unknown> and exits "
"with an error."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../runlevel.8:49
msgid ""
"B<Runlevel> can be used in I<rc> scripts as a substitute for the System-V "
"B<who -r> command. However, in newer versions of B<init>(8) this "
"information is also available in the environment variables B<RUNLEVEL> and "
"B<PREVLEVEL>."
msgstr ""
#. {{{ utmp
#. type: IP
#: ../runlevel.8:51
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<utmp>"
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. type: Plain text
#: ../runlevel.8:54
msgid "The name of the I<utmp> file to read."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../runlevel.8:57
msgid "B<init>(8), B<utmp>(5)"
msgstr "B<init>(8), B<utmp>(5)"
#. type: TH
#: ../shutdown.8:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "SHUTDOWN"
msgstr "SHUTDOWN"
#. type: TH
#: ../shutdown.8:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "November 12, 2003"
msgstr "12 November 2003"
#. }}}
#. {{{ Synopsis
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:27
msgid "shutdown - bring the system down"
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ Description
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:36
msgid ""
"B</sbin/shutdown> [B<-akrhPHfFncqQ>] [B<-t> I<sec>] I<time> [I<warning "
"message>]"
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ Options
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:54
msgid ""
"B<shutdown> brings the system down in a secure way. All logged-in users are "
"notified that the system is going down, and B<login>(1) is blocked. It is "
"possible to shut the system down immediately or after a specified delay. "
"All processes are first notified that the system is going down by the signal "
"B<SIGTERM>. This gives programs like B<vi>(1) the time to save the file "
"being edited, mail and news processing programs a chance to exit cleanly, "
"etc. B<shutdown> does its job by signalling the B<init> process, asking it "
"to change the runlevel. Runlevel B<0> is used to halt the system, runlevel "
"B<6> is used to reboot the system, and runlevel B<1> is used to put to "
"system into a state where administrative tasks can be performed; this is the "
"default if neither the B<-h> or B<-r> flag is given to B<shutdown>. To see "
"which actions are taken on halt or reboot see the appropriate entries for "
"these runlevels in the file I</etc/inittab>."
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ -k
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:60
msgid "Use I</etc/shutdown.allow>."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../shutdown.8:60
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-k>"
msgstr "B<-k>"
#. }}}
#. {{{ -r
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:64
msgid "Don't really shutdown; only send the warning messages to everybody."
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ -h
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:68
msgid "Reboot after shutdown."
msgstr "Memboot ulang (reboot) setelah menghentikan sistem (shutdown)."
#. }}}
#. {{{ -P
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:73
msgid ""
"Halt or power off after shutdown. Usually used with the B<-P> or B<-H> "
"flags, depending on whether we want to poweroff or simply stop the operating "
"system."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../shutdown.8:73
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-P>"
msgstr "B<-P>"
#. }}}
#. {{{ -H
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:78
msgid ""
"Modifier to the B<-h> flag. Halt action is to turn off the power. Must be "
"used with the B<-h> flag."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../shutdown.8:78
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-H>"
msgstr "B<-H>"
#. }}}
#. {{{ -f
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:87
msgid ""
"Modifier to the B<-h> flag. Halt action is to halt or drop into boot "
"monitor on systems that support it. Must be used with the B<-h> flag. "
"Halting is often used to run through the shutdown process and leave output "
"on the screen for debugging purposes. Or when the user wants the OS to stop, "
"but leave the power on. To power off at the end of the shutdown sequence use "
"the B<-P> modifier instead."
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ -F
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:91
msgid "Skip B<fsck>(8) on reboot."
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ -n
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:95
msgid "Force B<fsck>(8) on reboot."
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ -c
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:101
msgid ""
"[DEPRECATED] Don't call B<init>(8) to do the shutdown but do it ourself. "
"The use of this option is discouraged, and its results are not always what "
"you'd expect."
msgstr ""
#. {{{ -q
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:107
msgid ""
"Cancel a waiting shutdown. (B<shutdown now> is no longer waiting.) With this "
"option it is of course not possible to give the time argument, but you can "
"enter explanatory message arguments on the command line that will be sent to "
"all users."
msgstr ""
#. {{{ -Q
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:114
msgid ""
"Reduce the number of warnings B<shutdown> displays. Usually B<shutdown> "
"displays warnings every 15 minutes and then every minute in the last 10 "
"minutes of the countdown until I<time> is reached. When B<-q> is specified "
"B<shutdown> only warns at 60 minute intervals, at the 10 minute mark, at the "
"5 minute mark, and when the shutdown process actually happens."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../shutdown.8:114
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-Q>"
msgstr "B<-Q>"
#. }}}
#. {{{ -t sec
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:122
msgid ""
"Silence warnings prior to shutting down. Usually B<shutdown> displays "
"warnings every 15 minutes and then every minute in the last 10 minutes of "
"the countdown until I<time> is reached. When B<-Q> is specified B<shutdown> "
"only warns when the shutdown process actually happens. All other warning "
"intervals are suppressed."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../shutdown.8:122
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-t> I<sec>"
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ time
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:133
msgid ""
"Tell B<init>(8) to wait I<sec> seconds between sending all processes the "
"warning (B<SIGTERM>) and the kill signal (B<SIGKILL>), before changing to "
"another runlevel. The default time, if no value is specified, between these "
"two signals is three seconds. Warning: when B<shutdown> calls B<init>(8) to "
"perform the shutdown (the default behavior), B<init>(8) checks to see if all "
"processes have terminated and will stop waiting early once its children have "
"all terminated. When B<shutdown> is called with the B<-n> flag, it waits "
"the full time specified (or three seconds) even if all other processes have "
"terminated."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
#: ../shutdown.8:133
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<time>"
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ warning-message
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:137
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "shutdown"
msgid "When to shutdown."
msgstr "shutdown"
#. type: IP
#: ../shutdown.8:137
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<warning message>"
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:140
msgid "Message to send to all users."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:148
msgid ""
"The I<time> argument can have different formats. First, it can be an "
"absolute time in the format I<hh:mm>, in which I<hh> is the hour (1 or 2 "
"digits) and I<mm> is the minute of the hour (in two digits). Second, it can "
"be in the format B<+>I<m>, in which I<m> is the number of minutes to wait. "
"Third, it can be in the format B<+>I<hh:mm>, in which I<hh:mm> is the number "
"of hours and minutes to wait. The word B<now> is an alias for B<+0>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:156
msgid ""
"If B<shutdown> is called with a delay, it will create the advisory file I</"
"etc/nologin> which causes programs such as B<login>(1) to not allow new user "
"logins. This file is created five minutes before the shutdown sequence "
"starts. B<shutdown> removes this file if it is stopped before it can signal "
"init (i.e. it is cancelled or something goes wrong). It also removes it "
"before calling B<init>(8) to change the runlevel."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:162
msgid ""
"The B<-f> flag means `reboot fast'. This only creates an advisory file I</"
"fastboot> which can be tested by the system when it comes up again. The "
"boot rc file can test if this file is present, and decide not to run "
"B<fsck>(8) since the system has been shut down in the proper way. After "
"that, the boot process should remove I</fastboot>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:169
msgid ""
"The B<-F> flag means `force fsck'. This only creates an advisory file I</"
"forcefsck> which can be tested by the system when it comes up again. The "
"boot rc file can test if this file is present, and decide to run B<fsck>(8) "
"with a special `force' flag so that even properly unmounted file systems get "
"checked. After that, the boot process should remove I</forcefsck>."
msgstr ""
#. }}}
#. {{{ Files
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:176
msgid ""
"The B<-n> flag causes B<shutdown> not to call B<init>(8), but to kill all "
"running processes itself. B<shutdown> will then turn off quota, accounting, "
"and swapping and unmount all file systems."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
#: ../shutdown.8:176
#, no-wrap
msgid "ACCESS CONTROL"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:189
msgid ""
"B<shutdown> can be called from B<init>(8) when the magic keys B<CTRL-ALT-"
"DEL> are pressed, by creating an appropriate entry in I</etc/inittab>. This "
"means that everyone who has physical access to the console keyboard can shut "
"the system down. To prevent this, B<shutdown> can check to see if an "
"authorized user is logged in on one of the virtual consoles. If B<shutdown> "
"is called with the B<-a> argument (add this to the invocation of shutdown in "
"I</etc/inittab>), it checks to see if the file I</etc/shutdown.allow> is "
"present. It then compares the login names in that file with the list of "
"people that are logged in on a virtual console (from I</var/run/utmp>). Only "
"if one of those authorized users B<or root> is logged in, it will proceed. "
"Otherwise it will write the message"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:192
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<shutdown: no authorized users logged in>\n"
msgstr "B<shutdown: no authorized users logged in>\n"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:197
msgid ""
"to the (physical) system console. The format of I</etc/shutdown.allow> is "
"one user name per line. Empty lines and comment lines (prefixed by a B<#>) "
"are allowed. Currently there is a limit of 32 users in this file."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:200
msgid ""
"Note that if I</etc/shutdown.allow> is not present, the B<-a> argument is "
"ignored."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
#: ../shutdown.8:200
#, no-wrap
msgid "HALT OR POWEROFF"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:207
msgid ""
"The B<-H> option just sets the B<init> environment variable B<INIT_HALT> to "
"B<HALT>, and the B<-P> option just sets that variable to B<POWEROFF>. The "
"script (usually I</etc/init.d/halt>) that calls the B<halt>(8) program as "
"the last thing in the shutting down sequence should check this environment "
"variable and call the B<halt>(8) program with the right options for these "
"options to actually have any effect."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:214
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/fastboot\n"
"/etc/inittab\n"
"/etc/init.d/halt\n"
"/etc/init.d/reboot\n"
"/etc/shutdown.allow\n"
msgstr ""
"/fastboot\n"
"/etc/inittab\n"
"/etc/init.d/halt\n"
"/etc/init.d/reboot\n"
"/etc/shutdown.allow\n"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:221
msgid ""
"A lot of users forget to give the I<time> argument and are then puzzled by "
"the error message B<shutdown> produces. The I<time> argument is mandatory; "
"in 90 percent of all cases this argument will be the word B<now>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:227
msgid ""
"B<init>(8) can only capture CTRL-ALT-DEL and start B<shutdown> in console "
"mode. If the system is running the X window System, the X server processes "
"all key strokes. Some X11 environments make it possible to capture CTRL-ALT-"
"DEL, but what exactly is done with that event depends on that environment."
msgstr ""
#. {{{ Author
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:232
msgid ""
"B<shutdown> wasn't designed to be run setuid. I</etc/shutdown.allow> is not "
"used to find out who is executing shutdown, it ONLY checks who is currently "
"logged in on (one of the) console(s)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../shutdown.8:243
msgid "B<fsck>(8), B<init>(8), B<halt>(8), B<poweroff>(8), B<reboot>(8)"
msgstr "B<fsck>(8), B<init>(8), B<halt>(8), B<poweroff>(8), B<reboot>(8)"
#. type: TH
#: ../sulogin.8:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "SULOGIN"
msgstr "SULOGIN"
#. type: TH
#: ../sulogin.8:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "17 Jan 2006"
msgstr "17 Januari 2006"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../sulogin.8:21
msgid "sulogin - Single-user login"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../sulogin.8:27
msgid "B<sulogin> [ B<-e> ] [ B<-p> ] [ B<-t> I<SECONDS> ] [ I<TTY> ]"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../sulogin.8:35
msgid ""
"I<sulogin> is invoked by B<init>(8) when the system goes into single user "
"mode. (This is done through an entry in B<inittab>(5).) B<init>(8) also "
"tries to execute B<sulogin> when the boot loader (e.g., B<grub>(8)) passes "
"it the B<-b> option."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../sulogin.8:37
msgid "The user is prompted:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../sulogin.8:39
msgid "Give root password for system maintenance"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../sulogin.8:41
msgid "(or type Control-D for normal startup):"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../sulogin.8:45
msgid ""
"B<sulogin> will be connected to the current terminal, or to the optional "
"device that can be specified on the command line (typically I</dev/console>)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../sulogin.8:48
msgid ""
"If the B<-t> option is used then the program only waits the given number of "
"seconds for user input."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../sulogin.8:55
msgid ""
"If the B<-p> option is used then the single-user shell is invoked with a "
"I<dash> as the first character in I<argv[0]>. This causes the shell process "
"to behave as a login shell. The default is B<not> to do this, so that the "
"shell will B<not> read I</etc/profile> or I<$HOME/.profile> at startup."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../sulogin.8:59
msgid ""
"After the user exits the single-user shell, or presses control-D at the "
"prompt, the system will (continue to) boot to the default runlevel."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
#: ../sulogin.8:59
#, no-wrap
msgid "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../sulogin.8:64
msgid ""
"B<sulogin> looks for the environment variable B<SUSHELL> or B<sushell> to "
"determine what shell to start. If the environment variable is not set, it "
"will try to execute root's shell from I</etc/passwd>. If that fails it will "
"fall back to I</bin/sh>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../sulogin.8:69
msgid ""
"This is very valuable together with the B<-b> option to B<init>(8). To boot "
"the system into single user mode, with the root file system mounted read/"
"write, using a special \"fail safe\" shell that is statically linked (this "
"example is valid for the LILO bootprompt)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../sulogin.8:71
msgid "boot: linux -b rw sushell=/sbin/sash"
msgstr "boot: linux -b rw sushell=/sbin/sash"
#. type: SH
#: ../sulogin.8:71
#, no-wrap
msgid "FALLBACK METHODS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../sulogin.8:76
msgid ""
"B<sulogin> checks the root password using the standard method "
"(B<getpwnam>(3)) first. Then, if the B<-e> option was specified, "
"B<sulogin> examines these files directly to find the root password:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../sulogin.8:78
msgid "/etc/passwd,"
msgstr "/etc/passwd,"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../sulogin.8:80
msgid "/etc/shadow (if present)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../sulogin.8:84
msgid ""
"If they are damaged or nonexistent, B<sulogin> will start a root shell "
"without asking for a password. Only use the B<-e> option if you are sure the "
"console is physically protected against unauthorized access."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../sulogin.8:90
msgid "B<init>(8), B<inittab>(5)"
msgstr "B<init>(8), B<inittab>(5)"
#. type: TH
#: ../utmpdump.1:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "UTMPDUMP"
msgstr "UTMPDUMP"
#. type: TH
#: ../utmpdump.1:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "Februar 8, 2010"
msgstr "8 Februari 2010"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../utmpdump.1:21
msgid "utmpdump - dump UTMP and WTMP files in raw format"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../utmpdump.1:25
msgid "B<utmpdump> [B<-froh>] I<filename>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../utmpdump.1:28
msgid ""
"B<utmpdump> is a simple program to dump UTMP and WTMP files in raw format, "
"so they can be examined."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../utmpdump.1:31
msgid "output appended data as the file grows."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../utmpdump.1:33
msgid "reverse. Write back edited login information into utmp or wtmp files."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../utmpdump.1:35
msgid "use old libc5 format."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../utmpdump.1:37
msgid "usage information."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../utmpdump.1:41
msgid ""
"utmpdump can be useful in cases of corrupted utmp or wtmp entries. It can "
"dump out utmp/wtmp to an ASCII file, then that file can be edited to remove "
"bogus entries and reintegrated, using"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../utmpdump.1:46
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<utmpdump -r E<lt> ascii file E<gt> wtmp>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../utmpdump.1:52
msgid "but be warned as B<utmpdump> was written for debugging purpose only."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../utmpdump.1:60
msgid ""
"You may B<not> use the option B<-r> as the format for the utmp/wtmp files "
"strongly depends on the input format. This tool was B<not> written for "
"normal use but for debugging."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../utmpdump.1:62
msgid "Michael Krapp"
msgstr "Michael Krapp"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../utmpdump.1:66
msgid "B<last>(1), B<w>(1), B<who>(1), B<utmp>(5),"
msgstr "B<last>(1), B<w>(1), B<who>(1), B<utmp>(5),"
#. type: TH
#: ../wall.1:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "WALL"
msgstr "WALL"
#. type: TH
#: ../wall.1:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "15 April 2003"
msgstr "15 April 2003"
#. type: Plain text
#: ../wall.1:22
msgid "wall - send a message to everybody's terminal"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../wall.1:27
msgid "B<wall> [B<-n>] [I<message>]"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../wall.1:43
msgid ""
"B<Wall> sends a message to everybody logged in with their B<mesg>(1) "
"permission set to B<yes>. The message can be given as an argument to "
"B<wall>, or it can be sent to B<wall>'s standard input. When using the "
"standard input from a terminal, the message should be terminated with the "
"B<EOF> key (usually Control-D)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../wall.1:51
msgid ""
"The length of the message is limited to 20 lines. For every invocation of "
"B<wall> a notification will be written to syslog, with facility B<LOG_USER> "
"and level B<LOG_INFO>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../wall.1:61
msgid ""
"Suppresses the normal banner printed by B<wall>, changing it to \"Remote "
"broadcast message\". This option is only available for root if B<wall> is "
"installed set-group-id, and is used by B<rpc.walld>(8)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../wall.1:69
msgid ""
"B<wall> ignores the B<TZ> variable - the time printed in the banner is based "
"on the system's local time."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: ../wall.1:73
msgid "B<mesg>(1), B<rpc.rwalld>(8)"
msgstr "B<mesg>(1), B<rpc.rwalld>(8)"
#~ msgid "Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquels@cistron.nl"
#~ msgstr "Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquels@cistron.nl"
#, no-wrap
#~ msgid "fstab-decode"
#~ msgstr "fstab-decode"
#, no-wrap
#~ msgid "B<a>,B<b>,B<c>"
#~ msgstr "B<a>,B<b>,B<c>"
#~ msgid "Jesse Smith E<lt>jsmith@resonatingmedia.comE<gt>"
#~ msgstr "Jesse Smith E<lt>jsmith@resonatingmedia.comE<gt>"
#~ msgid "Miquel van Smoorenburg ,E<lt>miquels@cistron.nlE<gt>"
#~ msgstr "Miquel van Smoorenburg ,E<lt>miquels@cistron.nlE<gt>"
#, no-wrap
#~ msgid "@E2FSPROGS_MONTH@ @E2FSPROGS_YEAR@"
#~ msgstr "@E2FSPROGS_MONTH@ @E2FSPROGS_YEAR@"
#~ msgid "Theodore Ts'o (tytso@mit.edu)"
#~ msgstr "Theodore Ts'o (tytso@mit.edu)"
#~ msgid "Miquel van Smoorenburg (miquels@cistron.nl)"
#~ msgstr "Miquel van Smoorenburg (miquels@cistron.nl)"
#, no-wrap
#~ msgid "-s"
#~ msgstr "-s"
#, no-wrap
#~ msgid "-c"
#~ msgstr "-c"
#, no-wrap
#~ msgid "-n"
#~ msgstr "-n"
#, no-wrap
#~ msgid "-q"
#~ msgstr "-q"
#, no-wrap
#~ msgid "-x"
#~ msgstr "-x"
#, no-wrap
#~ msgid "-z"
#~ msgstr "-z"
#~ msgid "Miquel van Smoorenburg E<lt>miquels@cistron.nlE<gt>"
#~ msgstr "Miquel van Smoorenburg E<lt>miquels@cistron.nlE<gt>"
#, no-wrap
#~ msgid "systemd 249"
#~ msgstr "systemd 249"
#, no-wrap
#~ msgid "halt"
#~ msgstr "halt"
#~ msgid "B<halt> [OPTIONS...]"
#~ msgstr "B<halt> [PILIHAN...]"
#~ msgid "B<poweroff> [OPTIONS...]"
#~ msgstr "B<poweroff> [PILIHAN...]"
#~ msgid "B<reboot> [OPTIONS...]"
#~ msgstr "B<reboot> [PILIHAN...]"
#~ msgid "B<--help>"
#~ msgstr "B<--help>"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Print a short help text and exit\\&."
#~ msgstr "Tampilkan sebuah pesan bantuan dan keluar."
#~ msgid "B<--halt>"
#~ msgstr "B<--halt>"
#~ msgid "B<-p>, B<--poweroff>"
#~ msgstr "B<-p>, B<--poweroff>"
#~ msgid "B<-w>, B<--wtmp-only>"
#~ msgstr "B<-w>, B<--wtmp-only>"
#~ msgid "B<-d>, B<--no-wtmp>"
#~ msgstr "B<-d>, B<--no-wtmp>"
#~ msgid "B<-n>, B<--no-sync>"
#~ msgstr "B<-n>, B<--no-sync>"
#~ msgid "B<--no-wall>"
#~ msgstr "B<--no-wall>"
#~ msgid "B<systemd>(1), B<systemctl>(1), B<shutdown>(8), B<wall>(1)"
#~ msgstr "B<systemd>(1), B<systemctl>(1), B<shutdown>(8), B<wall>(1)"
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
#~ msgid "systemd 250"
#~ msgstr "systemd 249"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "shutdown - Halt, power-off or reboot the machine"
#~ msgstr "shutdown - menghentikan sistem"
#~ msgid "B<-H>, B<--halt>"
#~ msgstr "B<-H>, B<--halt>"
#~ msgid "B<-P>, B<--poweroff>"
#~ msgstr "B<-P>, B<--poweroff>"
#~ msgid "B<-r>, B<--reboot>"
#~ msgstr "B<-r>, B<--reboot>"
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