123 lines
4.1 KiB
Groff
123 lines
4.1 KiB
Groff
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'\" -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
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.\" Copyright (C) 1998-2004 Miquel van Smoorenburg.
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.\"
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.\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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.\" (at your option) any later version.
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.\"
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.\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
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.\"
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.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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.\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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.\" Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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.\"
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.\"{{{}}}
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.\"{{{ Title
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.TH LAST,LASTB 1 "Jul 31, 2004" "" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
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.\"}}}
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.\"{{{ Name
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.SH NAME
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last, lastb \- show listing of last logged in users
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.\"}}}
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.\"{{{ Synopsis
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B last
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.RB [ \-R ]
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.RB [ \-\fInum\fP ]
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.RB "[ \-\fBn\fP \fInum\fP ]"
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.RB [ \-adFiox ]
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.RB "[ \-\fBf\fP \fIfile\fP ]"
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.RB "[ \-\fBt\fP \fIYYYYMMDDHHMMSS\fP ]"
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.RI [ name... ]
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.RI [ tty... ]
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.br
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.B lastb
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.RB [ \-R ]
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.RB [ \-\fInum\fP ]
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.RB "[ \-\fBn\fP \fInum\fP ]"
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.RB "[ \-\fBf\fP \fIfile\fP ]"
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.RB [ \-adFiox ]
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.RI [ name... ]
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.RI [ tty... ]
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.\"}}}
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.\"{{{ Description
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.B Last
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searches back through the file \fB/var/log/wtmp\fP (or the file
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designated by the \fB\-f\fP flag) and displays a list of all
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users logged in (and out) since that file was created. Names of users
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and tty's can be given, in which case \fBlast\fP will show only those entries
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matching the arguments. Names of ttys can be abbreviated, thus \fBlast
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0\fP is the same as \fBlast tty0\fP.
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.PP
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When \fBlast\fP catches a \s-2SIGINT\s0 signal (generated by the interrupt key,
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usually control-C) or a \s-2SIGQUIT\s0 signal (generated by the quit key,
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usually control-\e), \fBlast\fP will show how far it has searched through the
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file; in the case of the \s-2SIGINT\s0 signal \fBlast\fP will then terminate.
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.PP
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The pseudo user \fBreboot\fP logs in each time the system is rebooted.
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Thus \fBlast reboot\fP will show a log of all reboots since the log file
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was created.
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.PP
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\fBLastb\fP is the same as \fBlast\fP, except that by default it shows a log
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of the file \fB/var/log/btmp\fP, which contains all the bad login attempts.
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.\"}}}
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.\"{{{ Options
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.SH OPTIONS
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.IP "\fB\-f\fP \fIfile\fP"
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Tells \fBlast\fP to use a specific file instead of \fB/var/log/wtmp\fP.
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.IP \fB\-\fP\fInum\fP
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This is a count telling \fBlast\fP how many lines to show.
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.IP "\fB\-n\fP \fInum\fP"
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The same.
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.IP "\fB\-t\fP \fIYYYYMMDDHHMMSS\fP"
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Display the state of logins as of the specified time. This is
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useful, e.g., to determine easily who was logged in at a particular
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time -- specify that time with \fB\-t\fP and look for "still logged
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in".
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.IP \fB\-R\fP
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Suppresses the display of the hostname field.
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.IP \fB\-a\fP
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Display the hostname in the last column. Useful in combination
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with the next flag.
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.IP \fB\-d\fP
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For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the host name of the remote
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host but its IP number as well. This option translates the IP number
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back into a hostname.
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.IP \fB\-F\fP
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Print full login and logout times and dates.
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.IP \fB\-i\fP
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This option is like \fB-d\fP in that it displays the IP number of the remote
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host, but it displays the IP number in numbers-and-dots notation.
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.IP \fB\-o\fP
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Read an old-type wtmp file (written by linux-libc5 applications).
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.IP \fB\-x\fP
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Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes.
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.\"}}}
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.SH NOTES
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The files \fIwtmp\fP and \fIbtmp\fP might not be found. The system only
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logs information in these files if they are present. This is a local
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configuration issue. If you want the files to be used, they can be
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created with a simple \fBtouch\fP(1) command (for example,
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\fItouch /var/log/wtmp\fP).
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.\"{{{ Files
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.SH FILES
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/var/log/wtmp
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.br
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/var/log/btmp
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.\"}}}
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.\"{{{ Author
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.SH AUTHOR
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Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquels@cistron.nl
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.\"}}}
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.\"{{{ See also
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.BR shutdown (8),
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.BR login (1),
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.BR init (8)
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.\"}}}
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