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Applied fixes for markup and spacing in manual pages.

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Patch provided by Mario Blattermann.

Added translation framework (po4a) from Mario Blttermann.
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Jesse 2021-12-27 16:14:42 -04:00
parent 933ce33854
commit 92d4b0e74a
24 changed files with 9963 additions and 285 deletions
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4
doc/Changelog
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@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
* Added q and Q flags to synopsis in shutdown manual page.
* Applied fixes for markup and spacing in manual pages.
Patch provided by Mario Blattermann.
* Added translation framework (po4a) from Mario Blttermann.
sysvinit (3.01) released; urgency=low
* Default to showing processes in the uninterruptable state (D).

3
doc/Install
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@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ SysV can be built on virtually any Linux system featuring
the GNU C library or musl libc. A C compiler, such as the GNU Compiler
Collection (GCC) or Clang is also required.
On systems which want to provide translated versions of manual pages
the po4a package should be installed.
Here is a list of preferred directories to install the progs & manpages,
this should be done for you automatically when you run "make install"
as the root user, or via sudo, ie "sudo make install".

35
man/bootlogd.8
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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
.\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
.\" Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
.\"
.TH BOOTLOGD 8 "Jul 21, 2003" "" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.TH BOOTLOGD 8 "Jul 21, 2003" "sysvinit @VERSION@" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.SH NAME
bootlogd \- record boot messages
.SH SYNOPSIS
@ -26,25 +26,24 @@ bootlogd \- record boot messages
.RB [ \-r ]
.RB [ \-s ]
.RB [ \-v ]
.RB [ " -l logfile " ]
.RB [ " -p pidfile " ]
.RI [ " \fB-l\fP logfile " ]
.RI [ " \fB-p\fP pidfile " ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
\fBBootlogd\fP runs in the background and copies all strings sent to the
\fI/dev/console\fP device to a logfile. If the logfile is not accessible,
\fBbootlogd\fP runs in the background and copies all strings sent to the
\fI/dev/console\fP device to a logfile. If the \fIlogfile\fP is not accessible,
the messages will be kept in memory until it is.
.SH OPTIONS
.IP \fB\-d\fP
Do not fork and run in the background.
.IP \fB\-e\fP
Print escape characters to the boot log file. This turns off filtering of
escape characters and allows tools like GNU Less to see and use colour control
characters (show the log in colour).
escape characters and allows tools like GNU \fBless\fP(1) to see and use
colour control characters (show the log in colour).
.IP \fB\-c\fP
Attempt to write to the logfile even if it does not yet exist.
Without this option,
.B bootlogd
will wait for the logfile to appear before attempting to write to it.
This behavior prevents bootlogd from creating logfiles under mount points.
Without this option, \fBbootlogd\fP will wait for the logfile to appear before
attempting to write to it. This behavior prevents \fBbootlogd\fP from creating
logfiles under mount points.
.IP \fB\-r\fP
If there is an existing logfile called \fIlogfile\fP rename it to
\fIlogfile~\fP unless \fIlogfile~\fP already exists.
@ -61,12 +60,12 @@ Log to this logfile. The default is \fI/var/log/boot\fP.
.IP "\fB\-p\fP \fIpidfile\fP"
Put process-id in this file. The default is no pidfile.
.SH NOTES
bootlogd saves log data which includes control characters. The log is
\fBbootlogd\fP saves log data which includes control characters. The log is
technically a text file, but not very easy for humans to read. To address
this the readbootlog(1) command can be used to display the boot log
this the \fBreadbootlog\fP(1) command can be used to display the boot log
without the control characters.
.SH BUGS
Bootlogd works by redirecting the console output from the console device.
\fBbootlogd\fP works by redirecting the console output from the console device.
(Consequently \fBbootlogd\fP requires PTY support in the kernel configuration.)
It copies that output to the real console device and to a log file.
There is no standard way of ascertaining the real console device
@ -77,6 +76,10 @@ If that syntax is ever changed by the kernel, or a console type is used that
\fBbootlogd\fP does not know about then \fBbootlogd\fP will not work.
.SH AUTHOR
Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquels@cistron.nl
.MT miquels@\:cistron\:.nl
Miquel van Smoorenburg
.ME
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR dmesg (8), fdatasync (3), readbootlog(1).
.BR dmesg (8),
.BR fdatasync (3),
.BR readbootlog (1)

21
man/fstab-decode.8
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@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
.\" 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
.\"
.\" Author: Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>
.TH fstab-decode 8 "May 2006"
.TH FSTAB-DECODE 8 "May 2006" "sysvinit @VERSION@" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.SH NAME
fstab-decode \- run a command with fstab-encoded arguments
@ -30,11 +30,9 @@ fstab-decode \- run a command with fstab-encoded arguments
decodes escapes (such as newline characters and other whitespace)
in the specified \fIARGUMENT\fRs and uses them to run \fICOMMAND\fR.
The argument escaping uses the same rules as path escaping in
\fB/etc/fstab\fR,
.B /etc/mtab
and \fB/proc/mtab\fR.
\fI/etc/fstab\fR, \fI/etc/mtab\fR and \fI/proc/mtab\fR.
In essence fstab-decode can be used anytime we want to pass multiple
In essence \fBfstab-decode\fR can be used anytime we want to pass multiple
parameters to a command as a list of command line arguments. It turns output
like this:
@ -47,7 +45,7 @@ Into one long list of parameters, "/root /mnt/remote-disk /home". This
can be useful when trying to work with multiple filesystems at once. For
instance, we can use it to unmount multiple NFS shares. This program also
removes whitespace and other characters which might cause programs such
as mount or umount to fail.
as \fBmount\fR(8) or \fBumount\fR(8) to fail.
.SH EXIT STATUS
.B fstab-decode
@ -57,13 +55,12 @@ can't be run.
Otherwise it exits with the status returned by \fICOMMAND\fR.
.SH EXAMPLES
The following example reads \fIfstab\fR, finds all instances of VFAT filesystems
and prints their mount points (argument 2 in the \fIfstab\fR file).
\fBfstab-decode\fR then runs the specified program, \fBumount\fR(8), and passes
it the list of VFAT mountpoints. This unmounts all VFAT partitions.
.nf
The following example reads fstab, finds all instances of VFAT filesystems and
prints their mount points (argument 2 in the fstab file). fstab-decode then runs
the specified program, umount, and passes it the list of VFAT mountpoints.
This unmounts all VFAT partitions.
.B fstab-decode umount $(awk \[aq]$3 == \[dq]vfat\[dq] { print $2 }\[aq] /etc/fstab)
.fi

20
man/halt.8
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@ -17,11 +17,11 @@
.\"
.\"{{{}}}
.\"{{{ Title
.TH HALT 8 "Nov 6, 2001" "" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.TH HALT 8 "Nov 6, 2001" "sysvinit @VERSION@" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ Name
.SH NAME
halt, reboot, poweroff \- stop the system.
halt, reboot, poweroff \- stop the system
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ Synopsis
.SH SYNOPSIS
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ normally, \fBshutdown\fP will be invoked instead (with the \fB-h\fP
or \fB-r\fP flag). For more info see the \fBshutdown\fP(8)
manpage.
.PP
The rest of this manpage describes the behaviour in runlevels 0
The rest of this manpage describes the behavior in runlevels 0
and 6, that is when the systems shutdown scripts are being run.
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ Options
@ -77,13 +77,13 @@ Don't write the wtmp record.
.IP \fB\-f\fP
Force halt or reboot, don't call \fBshutdown\fP(8).
.IP \fB\-i\fP
Shut down all network interfaces just before halt or reboot.
Shut down all network interfaces just before \fBhalt\fR or \fBreboot\fR.
Warning: This may not work on interfaces which do not have an IP address
and should ideally be handled by a network manager service.
.IP \fB\-h\fP
Put all hard drives on the system in stand-by mode just before halt or power-off.
.IP \fB\-p\fP
When halting the system, switch off the power. This is the default when halt is
When halting the system, switch off the power. This is the default when \fBhalt\fR is
called as \fBpoweroff\fP.
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ Diagnostics
@ -92,12 +92,12 @@ If you're not the superuser, you will get the message `must be superuser'.
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ Notes
.SH NOTES
Under older \fBsysvinit\fP releases , \fBreboot\fP and \fBhalt\fP should
Under older \fBsysvinit\fP releases, \fBreboot\fP and \fBhalt\fP should
never be called directly. From release 2.74 on \fBhalt\fP and \fBreboot\fP
invoke \fBshutdown\fP(8) if the system is not in runlevel 0 or 6. This
means that if \fBhalt\fP or \fBreboot\fP cannot find out the current
runlevel (for example, when \fI/var/run/utmp\fP hasn't been initialized
correctly and /var/run/runlevel does not exist) \fBshutdown\fP will be called,
correctly and \fI/var/run/runlevel\fR does not exist) \fBshutdown\fP will be called,
which might not be what you want.
Use the \fB-f\fP flag if you want to do a hard \fBhalt\fP or \fBreboot\fP.
.PP
@ -107,14 +107,16 @@ effect of putting the drive in stand-by mode is that the write cache
on the disk is flushed. This is important for IDE drives, since the
kernel doesn't flush the write cache itself before power-off.
.PP
The \fBhalt\fP program uses /proc/ide/hd* to find all IDE disk devices,
The \fBhalt\fP program uses \fI/proc/ide/hd*\fR to find all IDE disk devices,
which means that \fI/proc\fP needs to be mounted when \fBhalt\fP or
\fBpoweroff\fP is called or the \fB-h\fP switch will do nothing.
.PP
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ Author
.SH AUTHOR
Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquels@cistron.nl
.MT miquels@\:cistron\:.nl
Miquel van Smoorenburg
.ME
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ See also
.SH "SEE ALSO"

104
man/init.8
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@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
.\"
.\"{{{}}}
.\"{{{ Title
.TH INIT 8 "29 Jul 2004" "" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.TH INIT 8 "29 Jul 2004" "sysvinit @VERSION@" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ Name
.SH NAME
@ -46,19 +46,19 @@ init, telinit \- process control initialization
.SH DESCRIPTION
.\"{{{ init
.SS Init
.B Init
.B init
is the parent of all processes. Its primary role is to create processes
from a script stored in the file \fB/etc/inittab\fP (see
\fIinittab\fP(5)). This file usually has entries which cause \fBinit\fP
to spawn \fBgetty\fPs on each line that users can log in. It also
from a script stored in the file \fI/etc/inittab\fR (see
\fBinittab\fR(5)). This file usually has entries which cause \fBinit\fR
to spawn \fBgetty\fRs on each line that users can log in. It also
controls autonomous processes required by any particular system.
.PP
.\"{{{ Runlevels
.SH RUNLEVELS
A \fIrunlevel\fP is a software configuration of the system which allows
A \fIrunlevel\fR is a software configuration of the system which allows
only a selected group of processes to exist. The processes spawned by
\fBinit\fP for each of these runlevels are defined in the
\fB/etc/inittab\fP file. \fBInit\fP can be in one of eight runlevels:
\fBinit\fR for each of these runlevels are defined in the
\fI/etc/inittab\fR file. \fBinit\fR can be in one of eight runlevels:
\fB0\(en6\fP and \fBS\fP (a.k.a. \fBs\fP). The runlevel is
changed by having a privileged user run \fBtelinit\fP, which sends
appropriate signals to \fBinit\fP, telling it which runlevel to change
@ -92,16 +92,16 @@ Internally they are aliases for the same runlevel.
.PP
.SH BOOTING
After \fBinit\fP is invoked as the last step of the kernel boot sequence,
it looks for the file \fB/etc/inittab\fP to see if there is an entry of the
type \fBinitdefault\fP (see \fIinittab\fP(5)). The \fBinitdefault\fP entry
it looks for the file \fI/etc/inittab\fP to see if there is an entry of the
type \fBinitdefault\fP (see \fBinittab\fR(5)). The \fBinitdefault\fP entry
determines the initial runlevel of the system. If there is no such
entry (or no \fB/etc/inittab\fP at all), a runlevel must be
entry (or no \fI/etc/inittab\fR at all), a runlevel must be
entered at the system console.
.PP
Runlevel \fBS\fP or \fBs\fP initialize the system
and do not require an \fB/etc/inittab\fP file.
and do not require an \fI/etc/inittab\fP file.
.PP
In single user mode, \fB/sbin/sulogin\fP is invoked on \fB/dev/console\fP.
In single user mode, \fB/sbin/sulogin\fP is invoked on \fI/dev/console\fP.
.PP
When entering single user mode, \fBinit\fP initializes the consoles
\fBstty\fP settings to sane values. Clocal mode is set. Hardware
@ -117,21 +117,21 @@ When starting a new process, \fBinit\fP first checks whether the file
start the process.
.PP
Each time a child terminates, \fBinit\fP records the fact and the reason
it died in \fB/var/run/utmp\fP and \fB/var/log/wtmp\fP,
it died in \fI/var/run/utmp\fP and \fI/var/log/wtmp\fP,
provided that these files exist.
.SH CHANGING RUNLEVELS
After it has spawned all of the processes specified, \fBinit\fP waits
for one of its descendant processes to die, a powerfail signal, or until
it is signaled by \fBtelinit\fP to change the system's runlevel.
When one of the above three conditions occurs, it re-examines
the \fB/etc/inittab\fP file. New entries can be added to this file at
the \fI/etc/inittab\fP file. New entries can be added to this file at
any time. However, \fBinit\fP still waits for one of the above three
conditions to occur. To provide for an instantaneous response, the
\fBtelinit Q\fP or \fBq\fP command can wake up \fBinit\fP to re-examine (reload) the
\fB/etc/inittab\fP file.
\fI/etc/inittab\fP file.
.PP
If \fBinit\fP is not in single user mode and receives a powerfail
signal (SIGPWR), it reads the file \fB/etc/powerstatus\fP. It then starts
signal (SIGPWR), it reads the file \fI/etc/powerstatus\fP. It then starts
a command based on the contents of this file:
.IP F(AIL)
Power is failing, UPS is providing the power. Execute the \fBpowerwait\fP
@ -142,19 +142,19 @@ The power has been restored, execute the \fBpowerokwait\fP entries.
The power is failing and the UPS has a low battery. Execute the
\fBpowerfailnow\fP entries.
.PP
If /etc/powerstatus doesn't exist or contains anything else then the
letters \fBF\fP, \fBO\fP or \fBL\fP, init will behave as if it has read
If \fI/etc/powerstatus\fR doesn't exist or contains anything else then the
letters \fBF\fP, \fBO\fP or \fBL\fP, \fBinit\fR will behave as if it has read
the letter \fBF\fP.
.PP
Usage of \fBSIGPWR\fP and \fB/etc/powerstatus\fP is discouraged. Someone
wanting to interact with \fBinit\fP should use the \fB/run/initctl\fP
control channel - see the initctl manual page for more documentation
Usage of \fBSIGPWR\fP and \fI/etc/powerstatus\fP is discouraged. Someone
wanting to interact with \fBinit\fP should use the \fI/run/initctl\fP
control channel - see the \fBinitctl\fR(5) manual page for more documentation
about this.
.PP
When \fBinit\fP is requested to change the runlevel, it sends the
warning signal \s-1\fBSIGTERM\fP\s0 to all processes that are undefined
warning signal \fBSIGTERM\fP to all processes that are undefined
in the new runlevel. It then waits 3 seconds before forcibly
terminating these processes via the \s-1\fBSIGKILL\fP\s0 signal.
terminating these processes via the \fBSIGKILL\fP signal.
Note that \fBinit\fP assumes that all these processes (and their
descendants) remain in the same process group which \fBinit\fP
originally created for them. If any process changes its process group
@ -167,23 +167,23 @@ be terminated separately.
one-character argument and signals \fBinit\fP to perform the appropriate
action. The following arguments serve as directives to
\fBtelinit\fP:
.IP "\fB0\fP,\fB1\fP,\fB2\fP,\fB3\fP,\fB4\fP,\fB5\fP or \fB6\fP"
.IP "\fB0\fP, \fB1\fP, \fB2\fP, \fB3\fP, \fB4\fP, \fB5\fP or \fB6\fP"
tell \fBinit\fP to switch to the specified run level.
.IP \fBa\fP,\fBb\fP,\fBc\fP
.IP \fBa\fP, \fBb\fP, \fBc\fP
tell \fBinit\fP to process only those \fB/etc/inittab\fP file
entries having runlevel \fBa\fP,\fBb\fP or \fBc\fP.
.IP "\fBQ\fP or \fBq\fP"
tell \fBinit\fP to re-examine the \fB/etc/inittab\fP file.
tell \fBinit\fP to re-examine the \fI/etc/inittab\fP file.
.IP "\fBS\fP or \fBs\fP"
tell \fBinit\fP to switch to single user mode.
.IP "\fBU\fP or \fBu\fP"
tell \fBinit\fP to re-execute itself (preserving the state). No re-examining of
\fB/etc/inittab\fP file happens. Runlevel should be one of
\fI/etc/inittab\fP file happens. Runlevel should be one of
\fBSs0123456\fP
otherwise request would be silently ignored.
.PP
\fBtelinit\fP can tell \fBinit\fP how long it should wait
between sending processes the SIGTERM and SIGKILL signals. The default
between sending processes the \fBSIGTERM\fR and \fBSIGKILL\fR signals. The default
is 3 seconds, but this can be changed with the \fB-t\fP option.
.PP
\fBtelinit -e\fP tells \fBinit\fP to change the environment
@ -215,10 +215,10 @@ The current system runlevel.
The previous runlevel (useful after a runlevel switch).
.IP \fBCONSOLE\fP
The system console. This is really inherited from the kernel; however
if it is not set \fBinit\fP will set it to \fB/dev/console\fP by default.
if it is not set \fBinit\fP will set it to \fI/dev/console\fP by default.
.SH BOOTFLAGS
It is possible to pass a number of flags to \fBinit\fP from the
boot monitor (eg. LILO or GRUB). \fBInit\fP accepts the following flags:
boot monitor (eg. LILO or GRUB). \fBinit\fP accepts the following flags:
.TP 0.5i
.B -s, S, single
Single user mode boot. In this mode \fI/etc/inittab\fP is
@ -240,26 +240,26 @@ The LILO boot loader adds the word "auto" to the command line if it
booted the kernel with the default command line (without user intervention).
If this is found \fBinit\fP sets the "AUTOBOOT" environment
variable to "yes". Note that you cannot use this for any security
measures - of course the user could specify "auto" or \-a on the
measures - of course the user could specify "auto" or \fB-a\fR on the
command line manually.
.PP
.TP 0.5i
.BI "-z " xxx
The argument to \fB-z\fP is ignored. You can use this to expand the command
line a bit, so that it takes some more space on the stack. \fBInit\fP
line a bit, so that it takes some more space on the stack. \fBinit\fP
can then manipulate the command line so that \fBps\fP(1) shows
the current runlevel.
.PP
.TP 0.5i
.B \-\-version
This argument, when used on its own, displays the current version of init
to the console/stdout. It is a quick way to determine which init software and
version is being used. After the version information is displayed, init
This argument, when used on its own, displays the current version of \fBinit\fP
to the console/stdout. It is a quick way to determine which \fBinit\fP software and
version is being used. After the version information is displayed, \fBinit\fP
immediately exits with a return code of zero.
.PP
.SH INTERFACE
Init listens on a \fIfifo\fP in /dev, \fI/run/initctl\fP, for messages.
\fBTelinit\fP uses this to communicate with init. The interface is not
\fBinit\fP listens on a \fIfifo\fP in /dev, \fI/run/initctl\fP, for messages.
\fBTelinit\fP uses this to communicate with \fBinit\fP. The interface is not
very well documented or finished. Those interested should study the
\fIinitreq.h\fP file in the \fIsrc/\fP subdirectory of the \fBinit\fP
source code tar archive.
@ -271,18 +271,18 @@ Has the same effect as \fBtelinit q\fP.
.PP
.TP 0.5i
.B SIGUSR1
On receipt of this signals, init closes and re-opens its control fifo,
\fB/run/initctl\fP. Useful for bootscripts when /dev is remounted.
On receipt of this signals, \fBinit\fP closes and re-opens its control fifo,
\fB/run/initctl\fP. Useful for bootscripts when \fI/dev\fP is remounted.
.TP 0.5i
.B SIGUSR2
When init receives SIGUSR2, init closes and leaves the control fifo,
\fB/run/initctl\fP, closed. This may be used to make sure init is not
holding open any files. However, it also prevents init from switching
When \fBinit\fP receives \fBSIGUSR2\fR, \fBinit\fP closes and leaves the control fifo,
\fB/run/initctl\fP, closed. This may be used to make sure \fBinit\fP is not
holding open any files. However, it also prevents \fBinit\fP from switching
runlevels. Which means commands like shutdown no longer work.
The fifo can be re-opened by sending init the SIGUSR1 signal.
The fifo can be re-opened by sending \fBinit\fP the \fBSIGUSR1\fR signal.
.TP 0.5i
.B SIGINT
Normally the kernel sends this signal to init when CTRL-ALT-DEL is
Normally the kernel sends this signal to \fBinit\fP when CTRL-ALT-DEL is
pressed. It activates the \fIctrlaltdel\fP action.
.TP 0.5i
.B SIGWINCH
@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ The kernel sends this signal when the \fIKeyboardSignal\fP key is hit.
It activates the \fIkbrequest\fP action.
\"{{{ Conforming to
.SH CONFORMING TO
\fBInit\fP is compatible with the System V init. It works closely
\fBinit\fP is compatible with the System V init. It works closely
together with the scripts in the directories
\fI/etc/init.d\fP and \fI/etc/rc{runlevel}.d\fP.
If your system uses this convention, there should be a \fIREADME\fP
@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ file in the directory \fI/etc/init.d\fP explaining how these scripts work.
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ Warnings
.SH WARNINGS
\fBInit\fP assumes that processes and descendants of processes
\fBinit\fP assumes that processes and descendants of processes
remain in the same process group which was originally created
for them. If the processes change their group, \fBinit\fP can't
kill them and you may end up with two processes reading from one
@ -330,13 +330,17 @@ more than 10 times in 2 minutes, it will assume that there is an error
in the command string, generate an error message on the system console,
and refuse to respawn this entry until either 5 minutes has elapsed or
it receives a signal. This prevents it from eating up system resources
when someone makes a typographical error in the \fB/etc/inittab\fP file
when someone makes a typographical error in the \fI/etc/inittab\fP file
or the program for the entry is removed.
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ Author
.SH AUTHOR
Miquel van Smoorenburg (miquels@cistron.nl), initial manual
page by Michael Haardt (u31b3hs@pool.informatik.rwth-aachen.de).
.MT miquels@\:cistron\:.nl
Miquel van Smoorenburg
.ME , initial manual page by
.MT u31b3hs@\:pool\:.informatik\:.rwth-aachen\:.de
Michael Haardt
.ME .
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ See also
.SH "SEE ALSO"

76
man/initctl.5
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@ -14,23 +14,23 @@
.\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
.\" Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
.\"
.TH INITCTL 5 "April 13, 2018" "" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.TH INITCTL 5 "April 13, 2018" "sysvinit @VERSION@" "File Formats"
.SH NAME
initctl \- /run/initctl is a named pipe which passes commands to SysV init.
initctl \- /run/initctl is a named pipe which passes commands to SysV init
.SH SYNOPSIS
/run/initctl
.SH DESCRIPTION
This document describes the communiction pipe set up by SysV init
at /run/initctl. This named pipe allows programs with the proper
This document describes the communication pipe set up by SysV \fBinit\fR
at \fI/run/initctl\fR. This named pipe allows programs with the proper
permissions (typically programs run by root have read+write access to
the pipe) to send signals to the init program (PID 1).
the pipe) to send signals to the \fBinit\fR program (PID 1).
The init manual page has, up until recently, simply stated
that people wishing to understand how to send messages to init
The \fBinit\fR manual page has, up until recently, simply stated
that people wishing to understand how to send messages to \fBinit\fR
should read the init program's source code, but that is not usually practical.
Messages sent to the pipe to talk to init must have a special format.
Messages sent to the pipe to talk to \fBinit\fR must have a special format.
This format is defined as a C structure and the technical break-down
is presented here:
@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ struct init_request {
Let's go through the init_request structure one line at a time. The
first variable, the "magic" number must be of the value 0x03091969.
The init program then knows that only programs with root access which send
The \fBinit\fR program then knows that only programs with root access which send
this magic number are authorized to communicate with init.
The cmd variable is a value in the range of 0-8 (currently). This cmd
The \fIcmd\fR variable is a value in the range of 0-8 (currently). This \fIcmd\fR
variable tells init what we want it to do. Here are the possible options:
1 - Set the current runlevel, specified by the runlevel variable.
@ -71,31 +71,31 @@ variable tells init what we want it to do. Here are the possible options:
4 - The power is okay, cancel shutdown.
6 - Set an environment variable to a value to be specified in
the data variable of this structure.
the \fIdata\fR variable of this structure.
Other cmd options may be added to init later. For example, command values
Other \fIcmd\fR options may be added to \fBinit\fR later. For example, command values
0, 5 and 7 are defined but currently not implemented.
The runlevel variable will specify the runlevel to switch to (0-6).
The \fIrunlevel\fR variable will specify the runlevel to switch to (0-6).
The sleeptime variable is to be used when we want to tell init to change
the time spent waiting between sending SIGTERM and SIGKILL during the
The \fIsleeptime\fR variable is to be used when we want to tell \fBinit\fR to change
the time spent waiting between sending \fBSIGTERM\fR and \fBSIGKILL\fR during the
shutdown process. Changing this at run time is not yet implemented.
The data variable (in the union) can be used to pass misc data which init
The \fIdata\fR variable (in the union) can be used to pass misc data which init
might need to process our request. For example, when setting environment
variables.
When setting an environment variable through init's /run/initctl pipe,
the data variable should have the format VARIABLE=VALUE. The string
When setting an environment variable through \fBinit\fR's \fI/run/initctl\fR pipe,
the data variable should have the format \fIVARIABLE\fR=\fIVALUE\fR. The string
should be terminated with a NULL character.
.SH EXAMPLES
The following C code example shows how to send a set environment variable
request to the init process using the /run/initctl pipe. This example
is simplified and skips the error checking. A more comlpete example can be
found in the shutdown.c program's init_setnv() function.
request to the \fBinit\fR process using the \fI/run/initctl\fR pipe. This example
is simplified and skips the error checking. A more complete example can be
found in the shutdown.c program's \fBinit_setnv\fR() function.
.nf
struct init_request request; /* structure defined above */
@ -117,32 +117,36 @@ if ((fd = open(INIT_FIFO, O_WRONLY)) >= 0) /* open pipe for writing */
.sp
.SH NOTES
Usually the /run/initctl pipe would only be used by low-level programs to
request a power-related shutdown or change the runlevel, like telinit
would do. Most of the time there is no need to talk to init directly, but
this gives us an extenable approach so init can be taught how to learn
Usually the \fI/run/initctl\fR pipe would only be used by low-level programs to
request a power-related shutdown or change the runlevel, like \fBtelinit\fR
would do. Most of the time there is no need to talk to \fBinit\fR directly, but
this gives us an extendable approach so \fBinit\fR can be taught how to learn
more commands.
.PP
The commands passed through the /run/initctl pipe must be sent in a specific
The commands passed through the \fI/run/initctl\fR pipe must be sent in a specific
binary format and be of a specific length. Larger data structures or ones
not using the proper format will be ignored. Typically, only root has the
ability to write to the initctl pipe for security reasons.
.PP
The /run/initctl pipe can be closed by sending init (PID 1) the SIGUSR2
The \fI/run/initctl\fR pipe can be closed by sending init (PID 1) the \fBSIGUSR2\fR
signal. This closes the pipe and leaves it closed. This may be useful
for making sure init is not keeping any files open. However, when the
pipe is closed, init no longer receives signals, such as those sent by
shutdown or telinit. In other words if we close the pipe, init cannot
change its runlevel directly. The pipe may be re-opened by sending init (PID 1)
the SIGUSR1 signal.
for making sure \fBinit\fR is not keeping any files open. However, when the
pipe is closed, \fBinit\fR no longer receives signals, such as those sent by
\fBshutdown\fR(8) or \fBtelinit\fR(8). In other words if we close the pipe, \fBinit\fR cannot
change its runlevel directly. The pipe may be re-opened by sending \fBinit\fR (PID 1)
the \fBSIGUSR1\fR signal.
.PP
If the /run/initctl pipe is closed then it may still be possible to bring
down the system using the shutdown command's -n flag, but this is not
If the \fI/run/initctl\fR pipe is closed then it may still be possible to bring
down the system using the \fBshutdown\fR(8) command's \fB-n\fR flag, but this is not
always clean and not recommended.
.SH FILES
/run/initctl
/sbin/init
.SH AUTHOR
Jesse Smith <jsmith@resonatingmedia.com>
.MT jsmith@\:resonatingmedia\:.com
Jesse Smith
.ME
.SH "SEE ALSO"
init(8)
.BR init (8)

15
man/initscript.5
View File

@ -15,16 +15,16 @@
.\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
.\" Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
.\"
.TH INITSCRIPT 5 "July 10, 2003" "" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.TH INITSCRIPT 5 "July 10, 2003" "sysvinit @VERSION@" "File Formats"
.SH NAME
initscript \- script that executes inittab commands.
initscript \- script that executes inittab commands
.SH SYNOPSIS
/bin/sh /etc/initscript id runlevels action process
.SH DESCRIPTION
When the shell script \fI/etc/initscript\fP is present, \fBinit\fP
will use it to execute the commands from \fIinittab\fP.
This script can be used to set things like \fBulimit\fP and
\fBumask\fP default values for every process.
This script can be used to set things like \fIulimit\fP and
\fIumask\fP default values for every process.
.SH EXAMPLES
This is a sample initscript, which might be installed on your
system as \fI/etc/initscript.sample\fP.
@ -66,6 +66,9 @@ with this can make your system un(re)bootable.
/etc/inittab,
/etc/initscript.
.SH AUTHOR
Miquel van Smoorenburg ,<miquels@cistron.nl>
.MT miquels@\:cistron\:.nl
Miquel van Smoorenburg
.ME
.SH "SEE ALSO"
inittab(5), init(8).
.BR inittab (5),
.BR init (8)

28
man/inittab.5
View File

@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
.\"
.\"{{{}}}
.\"{{{ Title
.TH INITTAB 5 "Dec 4, 2001" "" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.TH INITTAB 5 "Dec 4, 2001" "sysvinit @VERSION@" "File Formats"
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ Name
.SH NAME
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ process
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBinittab\fP file describes which processes are started at bootup and
during normal operation (e.g.\& /etc/init.d/boot, /etc/init.d/rc, gettys...).
.BR Init (8)
.BR init (8)
distinguishes multiple \fIrunlevels\fP, each of which can have its own set of
processes that are started. Valid runlevels are \fB0\fP\-\fB6\fP plus
\fBA\fP, \fBB\fP, and \fBC\fP for \fBondemand\fP entries. An entry in the
@ -134,9 +134,9 @@ The \fIrunlevels\fP field is ignored.
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ powerwait
.IP \fBpowerwait\fP
The process will be executed when the power goes down. Init is usually
The process will be executed when the power goes down. \fBinit\fR is usually
informed about this by a process talking to a UPS connected to the computer.
\fBInit\fP will wait for the process to finish before continuing.
\fBinit\fP will wait for the process to finish before continuing.
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ powerfail
.IP \fBpowerfail\fP
@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ external UPS and the monitoring process are able to detect this condition).
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ ctrlaltdel
.IP \fBctrlaltdel\fP
The process will be executed when \fBinit\fP receives the SIGINT signal.
The process will be executed when \fBinit\fP receives the \fBSIGINT\fP signal.
This means that someone on the system console has pressed the
\fBCTRL\-ALT\-DEL\fP key combination. Typically one wants to execute some
sort of \fBshutdown\fP either to get into single\-user level or to
@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ rc::bootwait:/etc/rc
.fi
.sp
.RE
This inittab file executes \fB/etc/rc\fP during boot and starts gettys
This inittab file executes \fI/etc/rc\fP during boot and starts gettys
on tty1\-tty4.
.PP
A more elaborate \fBinittab\fP with different runlevels (see the comments
@ -253,10 +253,18 @@ S1:3:respawn:/sbin/mgetty -x0 -D ttyS1
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ Author
.SH AUTHOR
\fBInit\fP was written by Miquel van Smoorenburg
(miquels@cistron.nl). This manual page was written by
Sebastian Lederer (lederer@francium.informatik.uni-bonn.de) and modified
by Michael Haardt (u31b3hs@pool.informatik.rwth-aachen.de).
\fBinit\fP was written by
.MT miquels@\:cistron\:.nl
Miquel van Smoorenburg
.ME .
This manual page was written by
.MT lederer@\:francium\:.informatik\:.uni-bonn\:.de
Sebastian Lederer
.ME
and modified by
.MT u31b3hs@\:pool\:.informatik\:.rwth-aachen\:.de
Michael Haardt
.ME .
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ See also
.SH "SEE ALSO"

24
man/killall5.8
View File

@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
.\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
.\" Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
.\"
.TH KILLALL5 8 "04 Nov 2003" "" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.TH KILLALL5 8 "04 Nov 2003" "sysvinit @VERSION@" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.SH NAME
killall5 -- send a signal to all processes.
killall5 - send a signal to all processes
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B killall5
.B \-signalnumber
@ -27,23 +27,25 @@ killall5 -- send a signal to all processes.
.IR omitpid [, omitpid ...]...]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B killall5
is the SystemV killall command. It sends a signal to all processes except
is the SystemV \fBkillall\fR command. It sends a signal to all processes except
kernel threads and the processes in its own session, so it won't kill
the shell that is running the script it was called from. Its primary
(only) use is in the \fBrc\fP scripts found in the /etc/init.d directory.
(only) use is in the \fBrc\fP scripts found in the \fI/etc/init.d\fP directory.
.SH OPTIONS
.IP "-o \fIomitpid\fP"
Tells \fIkillall5\fP to omit processes with that process id.
.IP "\fB-o\fP \fIomitpid\fP"
Tells \fBkillall5\fP to omit processes with that process id.
.SH NOTES
\fIkillall5\fP can also be invoked as pidof, which is simply a
(symbolic) link to the \fIkillall5\fP program.
\fBkillall5\fP can also be invoked as \fBpidof\fP(8), which is simply a
(symbolic) link to the \fBkillall5\fP program.
.SH EXIT STATUS
The program return zero if it killed processes. It return 2 if no
The program return zero if it killed processes. It returns 2 if no
process were killed, and 1 if it was unable to find any processes
(/proc/ is missing).
(\fI/proc/\fP is missing).
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR halt (8),
.BR reboot (8),
.BR pidof (8)
.SH AUTHOR
Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquels@cistron.nl
.MT miquels@\:cistron\:.nl
Miquel van Smoorenburg
.ME

18
man/last.1
View File

@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
.\"
.\"{{{}}}
.\"{{{ Title
.TH LAST,LASTB 1 "Jul 31, 2004" "" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.TH LAST, LASTB 1 "Jul 31, 2004" "sysvinit @VERSION@" "User Commands"
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ Name
.SH NAME
@ -54,22 +54,22 @@ and tty's can be given, in which case \fBlast\fP will show only those entries
matching the arguments. Names of ttys can be abbreviated, thus \fBlast
0\fP is the same as \fBlast tty0\fP.
.PP
When \fBlast\fP catches a \s-2SIGINT\s0 signal (generated by the interrupt key,
usually control-C) or a \s-2SIGQUIT\s0 signal (generated by the quit key,
When \fBlast\fP catches a \fBSIGINT\fP signal (generated by the interrupt key,
usually control-C) or a \fBSIGQUIT\fP signal (generated by the quit key,
usually control-\e), \fBlast\fP will show how far it has searched through the
file; in the case of the \s-2SIGINT\s0 signal \fBlast\fP will then terminate.
file; in the case of the \fBSIGINT\fP signal \fBlast\fP will then terminate.
.PP
The pseudo user \fBreboot\fP logs in each time the system is rebooted.
Thus \fBlast reboot\fP will show a log of all reboots since the log file
was created.
.PP
\fBLastb\fP is the same as \fBlast\fP, except that by default it shows a log
\fBlastb\fP is the same as \fBlast\fP, except that by default it shows a log
of the file \fB/var/log/btmp\fP, which contains all the bad login attempts.
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ Options
.SH OPTIONS
.IP "\fB\-f\fP \fIfile\fP"
Tells \fBlast\fP to use a specific file instead of \fB/var/log/wtmp\fP.
Tells \fBlast\fP to use a specific file instead of \fI/var/log/wtmp\fP.
.IP \fB\-\fP\fInum\fP
This is a count telling \fBlast\fP how many lines to show.
.IP "\fB\-n\fP \fInum\fP"
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ The files \fIwtmp\fP and \fIbtmp\fP might not be found. The system only
logs information in these files if they are present. This is a local
configuration issue. If you want the files to be used, they can be
created with a simple \fBtouch\fP(1) command (for example,
\fItouch /var/log/wtmp\fP).
\fBtouch /var/log/wtmp\fP).
.\"{{{ Files
.SH FILES
/var/log/wtmp
@ -118,7 +118,9 @@ created with a simple \fBtouch\fP(1) command (for example,
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ Author
.SH AUTHOR
Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquels@cistron.nl
.MT miquels@\:cistron\:.nl
Miquel van Smoorenburg
.ME
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ See also
.SH "SEE ALSO"

12
man/logsave.8
View File

@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
.\" Copyright 2003 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
.\"
.TH LOGSAVE 8 "@E2FSPROGS_MONTH@ @E2FSPROGS_YEAR@" "E2fsprogs version @E2FSPROGS_VERSION@"
.TH LOGSAVE 8 "" "sysvinit @VERSION@" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.SH NAME
logsave \- save the output of a command in a logfile
.SH SYNOPSIS
@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ If
is a single hyphen ('-'), then instead of executing a program,
.B logsave
will take its input from standard input and save it in
.I logfile
.IR logfile .
.PP
.B logsave
is useful for saving the output of initial boot scripts
until the /var partition is mounted, so the output can be written to
/var/log.
until the \fI/var\fP partition is mounted, so the output can be written to
\fI/var/log\fP.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.B \-a
@ -56,6 +56,8 @@ This option will make
.B logsave
to be more verbose in its output to the user.
.SH AUTHOR
Theodore Ts'o (tytso@mit.edu)
.MT tytso@mit\:.edu
Theodore Ts'o
.ME
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR fsck (8)

10
man/mesg.1
View File

@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
.\"
.\"{{{}}}
.\"{{{ Title
.TH MESG 1 "Feb 26, 2001" "" "Linux User's Manual"
.TH MESG 1 "Feb 26, 2001" "sysvinit @VERSION@" "User Commands"
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ Name
.SH NAME
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ mesg \- control write access to your terminal
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ Description
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B Mesg
.B mesg
controls the access to your terminal by others. It's typically used to
allow or disallow other users to write to your terminal (see \fBwrite\fP(1)).
.\"}}}
@ -46,12 +46,14 @@ terminal.
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ Notes
.SH NOTES
\fBMesg\fP assumes that its standard input is connected to your
\fBmesg\fP assumes that its standard input is connected to your
terminal. That also means that if you are logged in multiple times,
you can get/set the mesg status of other sessions by using redirection.
For example "mesg n < /dev/pts/46".
.SH AUTHOR
Miquel van Smoorenburg (miquels@cistron.nl)
.MT miquels@\:cistron\:.nl
Miquel van Smoorenburg
.ME
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ See also
.SH "SEE ALSO"

26
man/mountpoint.1
View File

@ -15,20 +15,20 @@
.\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
.\" Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
.\"
.TH MOUNTPOINT 1 "Mar 15, 2004" "" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.TH MOUNTPOINT 1 "Mar 15, 2004" "sysvinit @VERSION@" "User Commands"
.SH NAME
mountpoint \- see if a directory is a mountpoint
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B /bin/mountpoint
.B mountpoint
.RB [ \-q ]
.RB [ \-d ]
.I /path/to/directory
.br
.B /bin/mountpoint
.B mountpoint
.B \-x
.I /dev/device
.SH DESCRIPTION
\fBMountpoint\fP checks if the directory is a mountpoint.
\fBmountpoint\fP checks if the directory is a mountpoint.
.SH OPTIONS
.IP \fB\-q\fP
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Be quiet - don't print anything.
.IP \fB\-d\fP
Print major/minor device number of the filesystem on stdout.
.IP \fB\-p\fP
Check Linux's /proc/mounts file to try to detect circular mount points.
Check Linux's \fI/proc/mounts\fP file to try to detect circular mount points.
.IP \fB\-x\fP
Print major/minor device number of the blockdevice on stdout.
.SH EXIT STATUS
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Symbolic links are not followed, except when the \fB-x\fP option is
used. To force following symlinks, add a trailing slash to the
path of the directory.
.PP
The name of the command is misleading when the -x option is used,
The name of the command is misleading when the \fB-x\fP option is used,
but the option is useful for comparing if a directory and a device
match up, and there is no other command that can print the info easily.
.PP
@ -56,14 +56,16 @@ For example, if /a/b/c/d is a mount point for /a/b then mountpoint will report
its new mount point share the same inode and device number.
.PP
The circular mount problem can be worked around on Linux systems by using
the -p flag to check the /proc/mounts file for references to the circular mount bind.
When using the -p flag, make sure to specify the full path (ie /home/user/mp and
not just mp). Also, mountpoint may still fail if there are spaces in
the mount point's path, even when using the -p flag because of the way
/proc/mounts mangles the spaces in the path name. Of course, if the
the\fB-p\fP flag to check the \fI/proc/mounts\fP file for references to the circular mount bind.
When using the \fB-p\fP flag, make sure to specify the full path (ie \fI/home/user/mp\fP and
not just \fImp\fP). Also, \fBmountpoint\fP may still fail if there are spaces in
the mount point's path, even when using the \fB-p\fP flag because of the way
\fB/proc/mounts\fP mangles the spaces in the path name. Of course, if the
admin is using circular mount points with spaces in the name, there
are bigger concerns.
.SH AUTHOR
Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquels@cistron.nl
.MT miquels@\:cistron\:.nl
Miquel van Smoorenburg
.ME
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR stat (1)

46
man/pidof.8
View File

@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
.\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
.\" Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
.\"
.TH PIDOF 8 "01 Sep 1998" "" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.TH PIDOF 8 "01 Sep 1998" "sysvinit @VERSION@" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.SH NAME
pidof -- find the process ID of a running program.
pidof - find the process ID of a running program
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B pidof
.RB [ \-s ]
@ -31,26 +31,24 @@ pidof -- find the process ID of a running program.
.IR omitpid[,omitpid...]... ]
.RB [ \-d
.IR sep ]
.B program
.RB [ program... ]
.I program
.RI [ program... ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B Pidof
.B pidof
finds the process id's (PIDs) of the named programs. It prints those
id's on the standard output. This program is on some systems used in
run-level change scripts, especially when the system has a
\fISystem-V\fP like \fIrc\fP structure. In that case these scripts are
located in /etc/rc?.d, where ? is the runlevel. If the system has
a
.B start-stop-daemon
(8) program that should be used instead.
located in \fI/etc/rc?.d\fP, where ? is the runlevel. If the system has
a \fBstart-stop-daemon\fP(8) program that should be used instead.
.SH OPTIONS
.IP \-s
.IP \fB\-s\fP
Single shot - this instructs the program to only return one \fIpid\fP.
.IP \-c
.IP \fB\-c\fP
Only return process PIDs that are running with the same root directory.
This option is ignored for non-root users, as they will be unable to check
the current root directory of processes they do not own.
.IP \-n
.IP \fB\-n\fP
Avoid
.BR stat (2)
system function call on all binaries which are located on network
@ -59,25 +57,25 @@ based file systems like
Instead of using this option the variable
.B PIDOF_NETFS
may be set and exported.
.IP \-q
.IP \fB\-q\fP
Do not display matched PIDs to standard out. Simply exit with
a status of true or false to indicate whether a matching PID was found.
.IP \-x
.IP \fB\-x\fP
Scripts too - this causes the program to also return process id's of
shells running the named scripts.
.IP \-z
.IP \fB\-z\fP
Try to detect processes which are stuck in zombie (Z)
status. Usually these processes are skipped as trying to deal with them can cause
pidof or related tools to hang. Note: In the past pidof would ignore processes
in the uninterruptable state (D), unless the \-z flag was specified. This is no
longer the case. The pidof program will find and report processes in the D state
whether \-z is specified or not.
in the uninterruptable state (D), unless the \fB-z\fP flag was specified. This is no
longer the case. The \fBpidof\fP program will find and report processes in the D state
whether \fB-z\fP is specified or not.
.IP "-d \fIsep\fP"
Tells \fIpidof\fP to use \fIsep\fP as an output separator if more than one PID
is shown. The default separator is a space.
.IP "-o \fIomitpid\fP"
Tells \fIpidof\fP to omit processes with that process id. The special
pid \fB%PPID\fP can be used to name the parent process of the \fIpidof\fP
pid \fB%PPID\fP can be used to name the parent process of the \fBpidof\fP
program, in other words the calling shell or shell script.
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.TP
@ -87,10 +85,10 @@ At least one program was found with the requested name.
.B 1
No program was found with the requested name.
.SH NOTES
\fIpidof\fP is actually the same program as \fIkillall5\fP;
\fIpidof\fP is actually the same program as \fBkillall5\fP(8);
the program behaves according to the name under which it is called.
.PP
When \fIpidof\fP is invoked with a full pathname to the program it
When \fBpidof\fP is invoked with a full pathname to the program it
should find the pid of, it is reasonably safe. Otherwise it is possible
that it returns PIDs of running programs that happen to have the same name
as the program you're after but are actually other programs. Note
@ -100,7 +98,7 @@ so symbolic links to executables will also match.
.PP
Zombie processes or processes in disk sleep (states Z and D, respectively)
are ignored, as attempts to access the stats of these will sometimes fail.
The \-z flag (see above) tells pidof to try to detect these sleeping and zombie
The \fB\-z\fP flag (see above) tells \fBpidof\fP to try to detect these sleeping and zombie
processes, at the risk of failing or hanging.
.SH SEE ALSO
@ -110,4 +108,6 @@ processes, at the risk of failing or hanging.
.BR reboot (8),
.BR killall5 (8)
.SH AUTHOR
Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquels@cistron.nl
.MT miquels@\:cistron\:.nl
Miquel van Smoorenburg
.ME

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22
man/po/po4a.cfg Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
[po4a_langs] de
[po4a_paths] sysvinit-man.pot $lang:$lang.po
[type:man] ../bootlogd.8 $lang:$lang/bootlogd.8
[type:man] ../fstab-decode.8 $lang:$lang/fstab-decode.8
[type:man] ../halt.8 $lang:$lang/halt.8
[type:man] ../init.8 $lang:$lang/init.8
[type:man] ../initctl.5 $lang:$lang/initctl.5
[type:man] ../initscript.5 $lang:$lang/initscript.5
[type:man] ../inittab.5 $lang:$lang/inittab.5
[type:man] ../killall5.8 $lang:$lang/killall5.8
[type:man] ../last.1 $lang:$lang/last.1
[type:man] ../logsave.8 $lang:$lang/logsave.8
[type:man] ../mesg.1 $lang:$lang/mesg.1
[type:man] ../mountpoint.1 $lang:$lang/mountpoint.1
[type:man] ../pidof.8 $lang:$lang/pidof.8
[type:man] ../readbootlog.1 $lang:$lang/readbootlog.1
[type:man] ../runlevel.8 $lang:$lang/runlevel.8
[type:man] ../shutdown.8 $lang:$lang/shutdown.8
[type:man] ../sulogin.8 $lang:$lang/sulogin.8
[type:man] ../utmpdump.1 $lang:$lang/utmpdump.1
[type:man] ../wall.1 $lang:$lang/wall.1

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10
man/readbootlog.1
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@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
.\"
.\"{{{}}}
.\"{{{ Title
.TH READBOOTLOG 1 "NOV 12, 2018" "" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.TH READBOOTLOG 1 "NOV 12, 2018" "sysvinit @VERSION@" "User Commands"
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ Name
.SH NAME
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ readbootlog \- show contents of the boot log, stripping away control characters
.\"{{{ Description
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B readbootlog
is a tool for reading the boot log (by default /var/log/boot). The program
is a tool for reading the boot log (by default \fI/var/log/boot\fP). The program
strips away control characters and non-human readable contents from the log
file. Output is dumped to the terminal where it can be piped or redirected
to a file.
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ to a file.
.\"{{{ Options
.SH OPTIONS
.IP "\fB\-f\fP \fIfile\fP"
Tells \fBreadbootlog\fP to use a specific file instead of \fB/var/log/boot\fP.
Tells \fBreadbootlog\fP to use a specific file instead of \fI/var/log/boot\fP.
.IP \fB\-h\fP
Displays a brief help message.
.\"{{{ Files
@ -50,7 +50,9 @@ Displays a brief help message.
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ Author
.SH AUTHOR
Jesse Smith <jsmith@resonatingmedia.com>
.MT jsmith@\:resonatingmedia\:.com
Jesse Smith
.ME
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ See also
.SH "SEE ALSO"

10
man/runlevel.8
View File

@ -15,14 +15,14 @@
.\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
.\" Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
.\"
.TH RUNLEVEL 8 "May 27, 1997" "" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.TH RUNLEVEL 8 "May 27, 1997" "sysvinit @VERSION@" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.SH NAME
runlevel -- find the previous and current system runlevel.
runlevel - find the previous and current system runlevel
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B runlevel
.RI [ utmp ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B Runlevel
.B runlevel
reads the system
.I utmp
file (typically
@ -55,4 +55,6 @@ The name of the \fIutmp\fP file to read.
.BR init (8),
.BR utmp (5)
.SH AUTHOR
Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquels@cistron.nl
.MT miquels@\:cistron\:.nl
Miquel van Smoorenburg
.ME

82
man/shutdown.8
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@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
.\"
.\"{{{}}}
.\"{{{ Title
.TH SHUTDOWN 8 "November 12, 2003" "" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.TH SHUTDOWN 8 "November 12, 2003" "sysvinit @VERSION@" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ Name
.SH NAME
@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ shutdown \- bring the system down
.\"{{{ Description
.SH DESCRIPTION
\fBshutdown\fP brings the system down in a secure way. All logged-in users are
notified that the system is going down, and \fIlogin\fP(1) is blocked.
notified that the system is going down, and \fBlogin\fP(1) is blocked.
It is possible to shut the system down immediately or after a specified delay.
All processes are first notified that the system is going down by the
signal \s-2SIGTERM\s0. This gives programs like \fIvi\fP(1)
signal \fBSIGTERM\fP. This gives programs like \fBvi\fP(1)
the time to save the file being edited,
mail and news processing programs a chance to exit cleanly, etc.
\fBshutdown\fP does its job by signalling the \fBinit\fP process,
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ asking it to change the runlevel.
Runlevel \fB0\fP is used to halt the system, runlevel \fB6\fP is used
to reboot the system, and runlevel \fB1\fP is used to put to system into
a state where administrative tasks can be performed; this is the default
if neither the \fI-h\fP or \fI-r\fP flag is given to \fBshutdown\fP.
if neither the \fB-h\fP or \fB-r\fP flag is given to \fBshutdown\fP.
To see which actions are taken on halt or reboot see the appropriate
entries for these runlevels in the file \fI/etc/inittab\fP.
.\"}}}
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ entries for these runlevels in the file \fI/etc/inittab\fP.
.SH OPTIONS
.\"{{{ -a
.IP "\fB\-a\fP
Use \fB/etc/shutdown.allow\fP.
Use \fI/etc/shutdown.allow\fP.
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ -k
.IP \fB\-k\fP
@ -66,30 +66,30 @@ Reboot after shutdown.
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ -h
.IP \fB\-h\fP
Halt or power off after shutdown. Usually used with the \fI-P\fP or \fI-H\fP flags,
Halt or power off after shutdown. Usually used with the \fB-P\fP or \fB-H\fP flags,
depending on whether we want to poweroff or simply stop the operating system.
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ -P
.IP \fB\-P\fP
Modifier to the \fI-h\fP flag. Halt action is to turn off the power.
Must be used with the \fI-h\fP flag.
Modifier to the \fB-h\fP flag. Halt action is to turn off the power.
Must be used with the \fB-h\fP flag.
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ -H
.IP \fB\-H\fP
Modifier to the \fI-h\fP flag. Halt action is to halt or drop into boot
monitor on systems that support it. Must be used with the \fI-h\fP flag.
Modifier to the \fB-h\fP flag. Halt action is to halt or drop into boot
monitor on systems that support it. Must be used with the \fB-h\fP flag.
Halting is often used to run through the shutdown process and leave
output on the screen for debugging purposes. Or when the user wants the OS to
stop, but leave the power on. To power off at the end of the shutdown sequence
use the \fI-P\fP modifier instead.
use the \fB-P\fP modifier instead.
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ -f
.IP \fB\-f\fP
Skip \fIfsck\fP on reboot.
Skip \fBfsck\fP(8) on reboot.
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ -F
.IP \fB\-F\fP
Force \fIfsck\fP on reboot.
Force \fBfsck\fP(8) on reboot.
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ -n
.IP \fB\-n\fP
@ -99,34 +99,34 @@ you'd expect.
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ -c
.IP \fB\-c\fP
Cancel a waiting shutdown. ("shutdown now" is no longer waiting.) With
Cancel a waiting shutdown. (\fBshutdown now\fP is no longer waiting.) With
this option it is of course not possible to give the time argument, but
you can enter explanatory message arguments on the command line that
will be sent to all users.
.\"{{{ -q
.IP \fB\-q
Reduce the number of warnings shutdown displays. Usually shutdown displays
Reduce the number of warnings \fBshutdown\fP displays. Usually \fBshutdown\fP displays
warnings every 15 minutes and then every minute in the last 10 minutes of the
countdown until \fItime\fP is reached. When \-q is specified
shutdown only warns at 60 minute intervals, at the 10 minute mark,
at the 5 minue mark, and when the shutdown process actually happens.
countdown until \fItime\fP is reached. When \fB-q\fP is specified
\fBshutdown\fP only warns at 60 minute intervals, at the 10 minute mark,
at the 5 minute mark, and when the shutdown process actually happens.
.\"{{{ -Q
.IP \fB\-Q
Silence warnings prior to shutting down. Usually shutdown displays
Silence warnings prior to shutting down. Usually \fBshutdown\fP displays
warnings every 15 minutes and then every minute in the last 10 minutes of the
countdown until \fItime\fP is reached. When \fI-Q\fP is specified
shutdown only warns when the shutdown process actually happens. All
countdown until \fItime\fP is reached. When \fB-Q\fP is specified
\fBshutdown\fP only warns when the shutdown process actually happens. All
other warning intervals are suppressed.
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ -t sec
.IP "\fB\-t\fP \fIsec\fP"
Tell \fBinit\fP(8) to wait \fIsec\fP seconds between sending all processes the
warning (SIGTERM) and the kill signal (SIGKILL), before changing to another runlevel.
warning (\fBSIGTERM\fP) and the kill signal (\fBSIGKILL\fP), before changing to another runlevel.
The default time, if no value is specified, between these two signals is
three seconds. Warning: when shutdown calls init to perform the shutdown (the
default behaviour), init checks to see if all processes have terminated
three seconds. Warning: when \fBshutdown\fP calls \fBinit\fP(8) to perform the shutdown (the
default behavior), \fBinit\fP(8) checks to see if all processes have terminated
and will stop waiting early once its children have all terminated.
When shutdown is called with the \fI-n\fP flag, it waits the full time specified
When \fBshutdown\fP is called with the \fB-n\fP flag, it waits the full time specified
(or three seconds) even if all other processes have terminated.
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ time
@ -146,28 +146,28 @@ number of minutes to wait. Third, it can be in the format \fB+\fP\fIhh:mm\fP,
in which \fIhh:mm\fP is the number of hours and minutes to wait.
The word \fBnow\fP is an alias for \fB+0\fP.
.PP
If shutdown is called with a delay, it will create the advisory file
If \fBshutdown\fP is called with a delay, it will create the advisory file
.I /etc/nologin
which causes programs such as \fIlogin(1)\fP to not allow new user
which causes programs such as \fBlogin\fP(1) to not allow new user
logins. This file is created five minutes before the shutdown sequence
starts. Shutdown removes this file if it is stopped before it
starts. \fBshutdown\fP removes this file if it is stopped before it
can signal init (i.e. it is cancelled or something goes wrong).
It also removes it before calling init to change the runlevel.
It also removes it before calling \fBinit\fP(8) to change the runlevel.
.PP
The \fB\-f\fP flag means `reboot fast'. This only creates an advisory
file \fI/fastboot\fP which can be tested by the system when it comes
up again. The boot rc file can test if this file is present, and decide not
to run \fBfsck\fP(1) since the system has been shut down in the proper way.
to run \fBfsck\fP(8) since the system has been shut down in the proper way.
After that, the boot process should remove \fI/fastboot\fP.
.PP
The \fB\-F\fP flag means `force fsck'. This only creates an advisory
file \fI/forcefsck\fP which can be tested by the system when it comes
up again. The boot rc file can test if this file is present, and decide
to run \fBfsck\fP(1) with a special `force' flag so that even properly
to run \fBfsck\fP(8) with a special `force' flag so that even properly
unmounted file systems get checked.
After that, the boot process should remove \fI/forcefsck\fP.
.PP
The \fB-n\fP flag causes \fBshutdown\fP not to call \fBinit\fP,
The \fB-n\fP flag causes \fBshutdown\fP not to call \fBinit\fP(8),
but to kill all running processes itself.
\fBshutdown\fP will then turn off quota, accounting, and swapping
and unmount all file systems.
@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ and unmount all file systems.
to the console keyboard can shut the system down. To prevent this,
\fBshutdown\fP can check to see if an authorized user is logged in on
one of the virtual consoles. If \fBshutdown\fP is called with the \fB-a\fP
argument (add this to the invocation of shutdown in /etc/inittab),
argument (add this to the invocation of shutdown in \fI/etc/inittab\fP),
it checks to see if the file \fI/etc/shutdown.allow\fP is present.
It then compares the login names in that file with the list of people
that are logged in on a virtual console (from \fI/var/run/utmp\fP). Only
@ -195,12 +195,12 @@ to the (physical) system console. The format of \fI/etc/shutdown.allow\fP
is one user name per line. Empty lines and comment lines (prefixed by a
\fB#\fP) are allowed. Currently there is a limit of 32 users in this file.
.sp 1
Note that if \fI/etc/shutdown.allow\fP is not present, the \fI-a\fP
Note that if \fI/etc/shutdown.allow\fP is not present, the \fB-a\fP
argument is ignored.
.SH HALT OR POWEROFF
The \fB-H\fP option just sets the \fIinit\fP environment variable
\fIINIT_HALT\fP to \fIHALT\fP, and the \fB-P\fP option just sets
that variable to \fIPOWEROFF\fP. The script (usually /etc/init.d/halt) that calls
The \fB-H\fP option just sets the \fBinit\fP environment variable
\fBINIT_HALT\fP to \fBHALT\fP, and the \fB-P\fP option just sets
that variable to \fBPOWEROFF\fP. The script (usually \fI/etc/init.d/halt\fP) that calls
the \fBhalt\fP(8) program as the last thing in the shutting down sequence should
check this environment variable and call the \fBhalt\fP(8) program with
the right options for these options to actually have any effect.
@ -219,18 +219,20 @@ and are then puzzled by the error message \fBshutdown\fP produces. The
\fItime\fP argument is mandatory; in 90 percent of all cases this argument
will be the word \fBnow\fP.
.PP
Init can only capture CTRL-ALT-DEL and start shutdown in console mode.
\fBinit\fP(8) can only capture CTRL-ALT-DEL and start \fBshutdown\fP in console mode.
If the system is running the X window System, the X server processes
all key strokes. Some X11 environments make it possible to capture
CTRL-ALT-DEL, but what exactly is done with that event depends on
that environment.
.PP
Shutdown wasn't designed to be run setuid. /etc/shutdown.allow is
\fBshutdown\fP wasn't designed to be run setuid. \fI/etc/shutdown.allow\fP is
not used to find out who is executing shutdown, it ONLY checks who
is currently logged in on (one of the) console(s).
.\"{{{ Author
.SH AUTHOR
Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquels@cistron.nl
.MT miquels@\:cistron\:.nl
Miquel van Smoorenburg
.ME
.\"}}}
.\"{{{ See also
.SH "SEE ALSO"

43
man/sulogin.8
View File

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
.\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
.\" Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
.\"
.TH SULOGIN 8 "17 Jan 2006" "" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.TH SULOGIN 8 "17 Jan 2006" "sysvinit @VERSION@" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.SH NAME
sulogin \- Single-user login
.SH SYNOPSIS
@ -26,22 +26,22 @@ sulogin \- Single-user login
[ \fITTY\fP ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I sulogin
is invoked by \fBinit(8)\fP when the system goes into single user mode.
(This is done through an entry in \fIinittab(5)\fP.)
\fBInit\fP also
tries to execute \fIsulogin\fP when
is invoked by \fBinit\fP(8) when the system goes into single user mode.
(This is done through an entry in \fBinittab\fP(5).)
\fBinit\fP(8) also
tries to execute \fBsulogin\fP when
the boot loader (e.g., \fBgrub\fP(8))
passes it the \fB\-b\fP option.
.PP
The user is prompted
The user is prompted:
.IP "" .5i
Give root password for system maintenance
.br
(or type Control\-D for normal startup):
.PP
\fIsulogin\fP will be connected to the current terminal, or to the
\fBsulogin\fP will be connected to the current terminal, or to the
optional device that can be specified on the command line
(typically \fB/dev/console\fP).
(typically \fI/dev/console\fP).
.PP
If the \fB\-t\fP option is used then the program only waits
the given number of seconds for user input.
@ -49,39 +49,42 @@ the given number of seconds for user input.
If the \fB\-p\fP option is used then the single-user shell is invoked
with a \fIdash\fP as the first character in \fIargv[0]\fP.
This causes the shell process to behave as a login shell.
The default is \fInot\fP to do this,
so that the shell will \fInot\fP read \fB/etc/profile\fP
or \fB$HOME/.profile\fP at startup.
The default is \fBnot\fP to do this,
so that the shell will \fBnot\fP read \fI/etc/profile\fP
or \fI$HOME/.profile\fP at startup.
.PP
After the user exits the single-user shell,
or presses control\-D at the prompt,
the system will (continue to) boot to the default runlevel.
.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
\fIsulogin\fP looks for the environment variable \fBSUSHELL\fP or
\fBsulogin\fP looks for the environment variable \fBSUSHELL\fP or
\fBsushell\fP to determine what shell to start. If the environment variable
is not set, it will try to execute root's shell from /etc/passwd. If that
fails it will fall back to \fB/bin/sh\fP.
is not set, it will try to execute root's shell from \fI/etc/passwd\fP. If that
fails it will fall back to \fI/bin/sh\fP.
.PP
This is very valuable together with the \fB\-b\fP option to init. To boot
This is very valuable together with the \fB\-b\fP option to \fBinit\fP(8). To boot
the system into single user mode, with the root file system mounted read/write,
using a special "fail safe" shell that is statically linked (this example
is valid for the LILO bootprompt)
.PP
boot: linux \-b rw sushell=/sbin/sash
.SH FALLBACK METHODS
\fIsulogin\fP checks the root password using the standard method (getpwnam)
\fBsulogin\fP checks the root password using the standard method (\fBgetpwnam\fP(3))
first.
Then, if the \fB\-e\fP option was specified,
\fIsulogin\fP examines these files directly to find the root password:
\fBsulogin\fP examines these files directly to find the root password:
.PP
/etc/passwd,
.br
/etc/shadow (if present)
.PP
If they are damaged or nonexistent, sulogin will start a root shell
If they are damaged or nonexistent, \fBsulogin\fP will start a root shell
without asking for a password. Only use the \fB\-e\fP option if you
are sure the console is physically protected against unauthorized access.
.SH AUTHOR
Miquel van Smoorenburg <miquels@cistron.nl>
.MT miquels@\:cistron\:.nl
Miquel van Smoorenburg
.ME
.SH SEE ALSO
init(8), inittab(5).
.BR init (8),
.BR inittab (5)

2
man/utmpdump.1
View File

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
.\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
.\" Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
.\"
.TH UTMPDUMP 1 "Februar 8, 2010" "" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
.TH UTMPDUMP 1 "Februar 8, 2010" "sysvinit @VERSION@" "User Commands"
.SH NAME
utmpdump \- dump UTMP and WTMP files in raw format
.SH SYNOPSIS

30
man/wall.1
View File

@ -15,27 +15,27 @@
.\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
.\" Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
.\"
.TH WALL 1 "15 April 2003" "" "Linux User's Manual"
.TH WALL 1 "15 April 2003" "sysvinit @VERSION@" "User Commands"
.SH NAME
wall -- send a message to everybody's terminal.
wall - send a message to everybody's terminal
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B wall
.RB [ \-n ]
.RB [ " message " ]
.RI [ message ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B Wall
sends a message to everybody logged in with their
.IR mesg (1)
.BR mesg (1)
permission
set to
.BR yes .
The message can be given as an argument to
.IR wall ,
.BR wall ,
or it can be sent to
.IR wall 's
.BR wall 's
standard input. When using the standard input from a terminal,
the message should be terminated with the
.B EOF
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ key (usually Control-D).
.PP
The length of the message is limited to 20 lines.
For every invocation of
.I wall
.B wall
a notification will be written to syslog, with facility
.B LOG_USER
and level
@ -52,24 +52,26 @@ and level
.SH OPTIONS
.IP \fB\-n\fP
Suppresses the normal banner printed by
.IR wall ,
.BR wall ,
changing it to "Remote broadcast message".
This option is only available for root if
.I wall
.B wall
is installed set-group-id, and is used by
.IR rpc.walld (8).
.BR rpc.walld (8).
.PP
.SH ENVIRONMENT
.I Wall
.B wall
ignores the
.B TZ
variable - the time printed in the banner is based on the system's
local time.
.SH SEE ALSO
.IR mesg (1),
.IR rpc.rwalld (8).
.BR mesg (1),
.BR rpc.rwalld (8)
.SH AUTHOR
Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquels@cistron.nl
.MT miquels@\:cistron\:.nl
Miquel van Smoorenburg
.ME