These are standard, either in POSIX or C23.
The semantics are slightly different as the error path does not
enforce null-termination in the function itself, so enforce that
by hand. As a nice side effect, this makes those error paths
easier to audit.
The current code pads with an extra character that is then rewritten
into a null character. This isn't necessary with post-C99
implementations of standardized snprintf, so get rid of it.
Also add a note warning that nk_generate_env() and nk_execute()
are not async signal safe and are thus unsuitable for use in
multithreaded processes.
nk_execute() could be rewritten to be async signal safe without much
trouble, as the only problem point is snprintf() which is not guaranteed
to be async signal safe by POSIX.
However, nk_generate_env() performs chroot() if a chroot_path is
specified, and chroot() is not async signal safe in POSIX.
Additionally, malloc() can be called in rare cases where user
information fields are very long, and malloc() is obviously not async
signal safe. Finally, snprintf() is used here, too, but it could be
replaced.
Converting to posix_spawn() is a no-go because posix_spawn() has no
facility for changing rlimits or chroot on the spawned process.
In summary, I don't think the gains are worth it. Multithreaded
processes should just not fork().
If no 'script-file = SCRIPTFILE' is specified in the configuration
file and if no '-X SCRIPTFILE' or '--script-file SCRIPTFILE'
command argument is provided, then this functionality is entirely
inactive and no associated subprocess is spawned.
Otherwise, ndhc will spawn a subprocess that runs as root that has the
sole job of forking off a subprocess that exec's the specified script in
a sanitized and fixed-state environment whenever a new DHCPv4 lease is
acquired.
Note that this script is provided no information about ndhc or the
DHCP state in the environment or in any argument fields; it is the
responsibility of this script to gather whatever information it needs
from either the filesystem or syscalls. This design is intended to
avoid the historical problems that are associated with dhcp clients
invoking scripts.
The path of the scriptfile cannot be changed after ndhc is initially
run; ndhc forks off the privsep script subprocess that executes scripts
after it has read the configuration file and command arguments, but
before it begins processing network data; thus, it is impossible for the
network-handling process to modify or influence the script assuming
proper OS memory protection.
The privsep channel communicates that the script should be run by simply
writing a newline; anything else will result in ndhc terminating itself.
Before the recommended way to update system state after a change in
lease information was to run the fcactus program and watch the
associated leasefile for the interface for modification; now no external
program is needed for this job.
