386 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
386 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
[](https://travis-ci.org/void-linux/xbps)
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## XBPS
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The X Binary Package System (in short XBPS) is a binary package system
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**designed and implemented from scratch**. Its goal is to be fast, easy to use,
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bug-free, featureful and portable as much as possible.
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The XBPS code is totally **compatible with POSIX/SUSv2/C99 standards**, and
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released with a **Simplified BSD license (2 clause)**. There is a well
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documented API provided by the XBPS Library that is the basis for its frontends
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to handle binary packages and repositories. Some highlights:
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* Supports **multiple local and remote repositories** (HTTP/HTTPS/FTP).
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* **RSA signed remote repositories** (NEW in 0.27).
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* **SHA256 hashes** for package metadata, files and binary packages.
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* Supports **package states** (ala dpkg) to mitigate broken package
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installs/updates.
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* Ability to **resume** partial package install/updates.
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* Ability to **unpack only files that have been modified** in package updates.
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* Ability to use **virtual packages**.
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* Ability to **check for incompatible shared libraries in reverse
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dependencies**.
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* Ability to **replace packages**.
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* Ability to **put packages on hold** (to never update them. NEW in 0.16).
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* Ability to **preserve/update configuration files**.
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* Ability to **force reinstallation** of any installed package.
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* Ability to **downgrade any** installed package.
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* Ability to **execute pre/post install/remove/update scriptlets**.
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* Ability to **check package integrity**: missing files, hashes, missing or
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unresolved (reverse)dependencies, dangling or modified symlinks, etc.
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### Build requirements
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To build this you'll need:
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- A C99 compiler (clang, gcc, pcc, tcc)
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- [GNU make](https://www.gnu.org/software/make/)
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- [pkg-config](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/pkg-config/)
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- [zlib](https://www.zlib.net)
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- [openssl < 1.1](https://www.openssl.org) or [libressl](https://www.libressl.org/)
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- [libarchive >= 3.2.0](https://www.libarchive.org)
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**NOTE** pcc and tcc can compile xbps correctly, but as of **20190422**
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only the static binaries work correctly, do not forget to set `--enable-static`
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option in the `configure` script.
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and optionally:
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- [graphviz](https://www.graphviz.org) and [doxygen](https://www.doxygen.org)
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(--enable-api-docs) to build API documentation.
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- [atf >= 0.15](https://github.com/jmmv/kyua) (--enable-tests) to build the
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Kyua test suite.
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### Tests
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To run the test suite make sure *kyua* is installed and run the following:
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```
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$ ./configure --enable-tests --enable-debug
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$ make
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$ make check
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```
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### Build instructions
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Standard configure script (not generated by GNU autoconf).
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```
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$ ./configure --prefix=/blah
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$ make -jX
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$ make install
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```
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By default PREFIX is set `/usr/local` and may be changed by setting `--prefix`
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in the `configure` script. The `DESTDIR` variable is also supported at the
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install stage.
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There are some more options that can be tweaked, see them with
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`./configure --help`.
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Good luck!
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### Binaries
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Binaries for Linux compiled statically with the musl C library are available:
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* [aarch64](https://alpha.de.repo.voidlinux.org/static/xbps-static-latest.aarch64-musl.tar.xz)
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* [armv6hf](https://alpha.de.repo.voidlinux.org/static/xbps-static-latest.armv6l-musl.tar.xz)
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* [i686](https://alpha.de.repo.voidlinux.org/static/xbps-static-latest.i686-musl.tar.xz)
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* [x86\_64](https://alpha.de.repo.voidlinux.org/static/xbps-static-latest.x86_64-musl.tar.xz)
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* [mips32](https://alpha.de.repo.voidlinux.org/static/xbps-static-latest.mips-musl.tar.xz)
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These builds are available on all official void mirrors, along with their
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*sha256* [checksums](https://alpha.de.repo.voidlinux.org/static/sha256sums.txt).
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### Usage instructions
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The xbps package includes the following utilities:
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* `xbps-create (1)` - XBPS utility to create binary packages
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* `xbps-dgraph (1)` - XBPS utility to generate dot(1) graphs
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* `xbps-install (1)` - XBPS utility to install and update packages
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* `xbps-pkgdb (1)` - XBPS utility to report and fix issues in pkgdb
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* `xbps-query (1)` - XBPS utility to query for package and repository information
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* `xbps-reconfigure (1)` - XBPS utility to configure installed packages
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* `xbps-remove (1)` - XBPS utility to remove packages
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* `xbps-rindex (1)` - XBPS utility to handle local binary package repositories
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In the following sections there will be a brief description of how these utilities currently work.
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### Package expressions
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In the following examples there will be commands accepting an argument such as `<package expression>`. A package expression is a form to match a pattern; currently XBPS >= 0.19 supports 3 ways to specify them:
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* by specifying a package name, i.e `foo`.
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* by specifying the exact package name and version, i.e `foo-1.0_1`.
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* by specifying a package name and version separated by any of the following version comparators:
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* `<` less than
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* `>` greater than
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* `<=` less or equal than
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* `>=` greater or equal than
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Such example would be `foo>=2.0` or `blah-foo<=1.0`.
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### Repositories
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Repositories can be declared in a configuration file of the `configuration` or `system configuration` directories:
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* `<sysconfdir>/xbps.d` - The configuration directory (set to `/etc/xbps.d`)
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* `<sharedir>/xbps.d` - The system directory (set to `/usr/share/xbps.d`)
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A configuration file bearing the same filename in `/etc/xbps.d` overrides the one from `<sharedir>/xbps.d`.
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By default the `XBPS` package provides only the main Void repository in the `/usr/share/xbps.d/00-repository-main.conf` file.
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Additional repositories can be added by installing any of the following XBPS packages or creating new configuration files manually:
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```
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$ xbps-query -Rs void-repo
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[*] void-repo-debug-3_1 Void Linux drop-in file for the debug repository
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[*] void-repo-multilib-3_1 Void Linux drop-in file for the multilib repository
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[*] void-repo-multilib-nonfree-3_1 Void Linux drop-in file for the multilib/nonfree repository
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[*] void-repo-nonfree-3_1 Void Linux drop-in file for the nonfree repository
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$
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```
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> **NOTE** repositories specified in the `configuration` directory are added to the head of the list, while repositories specified via `system configuration` directories are appended to the existing list.
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> **NOTE** If no repositories are found it's possible to declare them manually via the command line option `--repository`, currently accepted in `xbps-install(1)` and `xbps-query(1)`.
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### xbps-query - querying packages and repositories
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> xbps-query(1) will try to match `<package expression>` in local packages. This behaviour
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can be changed by enabling the `-R` or `--repository` option to force repository mode.
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To query the list of installed packages:
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$ xbps-query -l
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To query the list of working repositories:
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$ xbps-query -L
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To query the list of installed packages that were installed manually (not as dependencies):
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$ xbps-query -m
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To query the list of packages on hold (won't be upgraded automatically):
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$ xbps-query -H
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To query the list of installed package orphans (packages that were installed as dependencies but there is not any package currently that requires it):
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$ xbps-query -O
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To query a package and show its meta information:
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$ xbps-query <package expression>
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> Additionally the `-p or --property` option can be used to only show a specific key of a package:
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$ xbps-query --property=pkgver xbps
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xbps-0.19_1
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$
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> Multiple properties can be specified by delimiting them with commas, i.e `-p key,key2`.
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To query a package and show its file list:
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$ xbps-query -f <package expression>
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To query a package and show required run-time dependencies:
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$ xbps-query -x <package expression>
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To query a package and show required reverse run-time dependencies:
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$ xbps-query -X <package expression>
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To query for packages matching a file with specified pattern(s) (ownedby mode):
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$ xbps-query -o <pattern>
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> Where `<pattern>` is a shell wildcard pattern as explained in fnmatch(3); e.g `"*.png"`.
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> Multiple `<patterns>` can be specified as arguments.
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To query for packages matching pkgname/version/description with specified pattern(s) (search mode):
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$ xbps-query -s <pattern>
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> The same rules explained above in the `ownedby` mode shall be applied.
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### xbps-install - installing and updating packages
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To synchronize remote repository index files:
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$ xbps-install -S
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> The `-S, --sync` option can be combined while installing or updating packages, i.e `xbps-install -Su`.
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To install a package:
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$ xbps-install <package expression>
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To install multiple packages at once:
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$ xbps-install <package expression> <package expressions>
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To update a single package:
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$ xbps-install -u <package expression>
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To update all packages (also known as dist-upgrade in Debian/Ubuntu):
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$ xbps-install -u
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> The `-n, --dry-run` option can be used to print what packages will be updated and/or installed and doesn't need permissions in the target rootdir, which can be useful to list updates.
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### xbps-remove - removing packages
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To remove a package:
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$ xbps-remove <package name>
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To recursively remove unneeded dependencies that were installed by the target package:
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$ xbps-remove -R <package name>
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To remove package orphans:
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$ xbps-remove -o
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To clean the cache directory and remove outdated packages and/or packages with wrong hash:
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$ xbps-remove -O
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> To remove package orphans and clean the cache repository both options can be combined, i.e `xbps-remove -Oo`.
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### xbps-reconfigure - configure (or force configuration of) a package
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The `xbps-reconfigure(1)` utility may be used to configure packages that were not previously
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(perhaps due to a power outage, process killed, etc) or simply to force package
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reconfiguration. By default and unless the `-f, --force` option is set, only packages that
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were not configured will be processed.
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Its usage is simple, specify a package name or `a, --all` for all packages:
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$ xbps-reconfigure [-f] <package name> | -a
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### xbps-pkgdb - checking for errors in packages and pkgdb
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The `xbps-pkgdb(1)` utility may be used to check for errors in packages and in the package database.
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It is also used to update the *package database* format (if there have been changes). It works exactly the
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same way as `xbps-reconfigure(1)` and expects a package name or -a, --all for all packages.
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$ xbps-pkgdb <package name> | -a
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To put a package on hold mode (won't be upgraded in dist-upgrade mode):
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$ xbps-pkgdb -m hold <package name>
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To remove a package from hold mode:
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$ xbps-pkgdb -m unhold <package name>
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To put a package in automatic mode (as it were installed as a dependency):
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$ xbps-pkgdb -m auto <package name>
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To put a package in manual mode (won't be detected as orphan):
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$ xbps-pkgdb -m manual <package name>
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To update the pkgdb format to the latest one:
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$ xbps-pkgdb -u
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> NOTE: updating the pkgdb format does not happen too frequently, therefore it's only necessary in rare circumstances.
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### xbps-rindex - Create, update and administer local repositories
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This command only has 3 operation modes:
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* Add [-a, --all]: adds the specified packages into the specified repository and removes previous entry if found:
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$ xbps-rindex -a /path/to/repository/*.xbps
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> The `-f, --force` option can be used to forcefully register a package into the repository index, even if the same version is already registered.
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* Clean [-c, --clean]: cleans the index of the specified repository by removing outdated or invalid entries (nonexistent packages, unmatched hashes, etc):
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$ xbps-rindex -c /path/to/repository
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* Remove-obsoletes [-r, --remove-obsoletes]: removes obsolete packages in repository (outdated, broken and unmatched hashes):
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$ xbps-rindex -r /path/to/repository
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### Examples
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Upgrade all packages in the system, without asking for an answer:
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# xbps-install -Syu
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Clean the cache directory and remove package orphans:
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# xbps-remove -Oo
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Show information of a package available in repositories:
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$ xbps-query -R xbps
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Show filelist of a package available in repositories:
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$ xbps-query -Rf xbps
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Find the packages that own the file `/bin/ls` in repositories:
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$ xbps-query -Ro /bin/ls
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Make a package keepable (won't be detected as orphan):
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# xbps-pkgdb -m manual xbps
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Search for packages in repositories matching the `xbps` pattern in its `pkgver` and `short_desc` objects:
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$ xbps-query -Rs xbps
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Remove a package and all unnecessary dependencies that were installed:
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# xbps-remove -R xbmc
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Appending repositories via command line:
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$ xbps-query --repository=<url> ...
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# xbps-install --repository=<url> ...
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Switch an installed package to on *hold* mode (won't be updated via `xbps-install -u`):
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# xbps-pkgdb -m hold <pkgname>
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Switch an installed package to the *unhold* mode (will be updated if there are updates):
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# xbps-pkgdb -m unhold <pkgname>
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Check for errors on installed packages and in pkgdb:
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# xbps-pkgdb -a
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Listing all files not managed by xbps:
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```sh
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#!/bin/sh
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tmp=$(mktemp -dt xbps-disownedXXXXXX)
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pkg=$tmp/pkg
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fs=$tmp/fs
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trap "rm -rf $tmp" EXIT
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xbps-query -o \* | cut -d ' ' -f2 | sort > $pkg
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find /boot /etc /opt /usr /var -xdev -type f -print | sort > $fs
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comm -23 $fs $pkg
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```
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