shadow/src/gpasswd.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1990 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
 * Copyright (c) 1996 - 2000, Marek Michałkiewicz
 * Copyright (c) 2001 - 2006, Tomasz Kłoczko
 * Copyright (c) 2007 - 2009, Nicolas François
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. The name of the copyright holders or contributors may not be used to
 *    endorse or promote products derived from this software without
 *    specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <config.h>

#ident "$Id$"

#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include "defines.h"
#include "exitcodes.h"
#include "groupio.h"
#include "nscd.h"
#include "prototypes.h"
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
#include "sgroupio.h"
#endif
/*
 * Global variables
 */
/* The name of this command, as it is invoked */
char *Prog;

#ifdef SHADOWGRP
/* Indicate if shadow groups are enabled on the system
 * (/etc/gshadow present) */
static bool is_shadowgrp;
#endif

/* Flags set by options */
static bool aflg = false;
static bool Aflg = false;
static bool dflg = false;
static bool Mflg = false;
static bool rflg = false;
static bool Rflg = false;
/* The name of the group that is being affected */
static char *group = NULL;
/* The name of the user being added (-a) or removed (-d) from group */
static char *user = NULL;
/* The new list of members set with -M */
static char *members = NULL;
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
/* The new list of group administrators set with -A */
static char *admins = NULL;
#endif
/* The name of the caller */
static char *myname = NULL;
/* The UID of the caller */
static uid_t bywho;
/* Indicate if gpasswd was called by root */
#define amroot	(0 == bywho)

/* The number of retries for th user to provide and repeat a new password */
#ifndef	RETRIES
#define	RETRIES	3
#endif

/* local function prototypes */
static void usage (void);
static RETSIGTYPE catch_signals (int killed);
static bool is_valid_user_list (const char *users);
static void process_flags (int argc, char **argv);
static void check_flags (int argc, int opt_index);
static void open_files (void);
static void close_files (void);
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
static void get_group (struct group *gr, struct sgrp *sg);
static void check_perms (const struct group *gr, const struct sgrp *sg);
static void update_group (struct group *gr, struct sgrp *sg);
static void change_passwd (struct group *gr, struct sgrp *sg);
#else
static void get_group (struct group *gr);
static void check_perms (const struct group *gr);
static void update_group (struct group *gr);
static void change_passwd (struct group *gr);
#endif
static void log_gpasswd_failure (const char *suffix);
static void log_gpasswd_failure_system (void *unused(arg));
static void log_gpasswd_failure_group (void *unused(arg));
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
static void log_gpasswd_failure_gshadow (void *unused(arg));
#endif
static void log_gpasswd_success (const char *suffix);
static void log_gpasswd_success_system (void *unused(arg));
static void log_gpasswd_success_group (void *unused(arg));
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
static void log_gpasswd_success_gshadow (void *unused(arg));
#endif

/*
 * usage - display usage message
 */
static void usage (void)
{
	fprintf (stderr,
	         _("Usage: %s [option] GROUP\n"
	           "\n"
	           "Options:\n"
	           "  -a, --add USER                add USER to GROUP\n"
	           "  -d, --delete USER             remove USER from GROUP\n"
	           "  -r, --remove-password         remove the GROUP's password\n"
	           "  -R, --restrict                restrict access to GROUP to its members\n"
	           "  -M, --members USER,...        set the list of members of GROUP\n"
	           "%s\n"
	           "\n"),
	         Prog,
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
	         _("  -A, --administrators ADMIN,...\n"
	           "                                set the list of administrators for GROUP\n"
	           "Except for the -A and -M options, the options cannot be combined.\n")
#else
	         _("The options cannot be combined.\n")
#endif
	        );
	exit (E_USAGE);
}

/*
 * catch_signals - set or reset termio modes.
 *
 *	catch_signals() is called before processing begins. signal() is then
 *	called with catch_signals() as the signal handler. If signal later
 *	calls catch_signals() with a signal number, the terminal modes are
 *	then reset.
 */
static RETSIGTYPE catch_signals (int killed)
{
	static TERMIO sgtty;

	if (0 != killed) {
		STTY (0, &sgtty);
	} else {
		GTTY (0, &sgtty);
	}

	if (0 != killed) {
		(void) putchar ('\n');
		(void) fflush (stdout);
		exit (killed);
	}
}

/*
 * is_valid_user_list - check a comma-separated list of user names for validity
 *
 *	is_valid_user_list scans a comma-separated list of user names and
 *	checks that each listed name exists is the user database.
 *
 *	It returns true if the list of users is valid.
 */
static bool is_valid_user_list (const char *users)
{
	char *username, *end;
	bool is_valid = true;
	char *tmpusers = xstrdup (users);

	for (username = tmpusers;
	     (NULL != username) && ('\0' != *username);
	     username = end) {
		end = strchr (username, ',');
		if (NULL != end) {
			*end = '\0';
			end++;
		}

		/*
		 * This user must exist.
		 */

		/* local, no need for xgetpwnam */
		if (getpwnam (username) == NULL) {
			fprintf (stderr, _("%s: user '%s' does not exist\n"),
			         Prog, username);
			is_valid = false;
		}
	}

	free (tmpusers);

	return is_valid;
}

static void failure (void)
{
	fprintf (stderr, _("%s: Permission denied.\n"), Prog);
	log_gpasswd_failure (": Permission denied");
	exit (1);
}

/*
 * process_flags - process the command line options and arguments
 */
static void process_flags (int argc, char **argv)
{
	int flag;
	int option_index = 0;
	static struct option long_options[] = {
		{"add", required_argument, NULL, 'a'},
		{"delete", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
		{"remove-password", no_argument, NULL, 'r'},
		{"restrict", no_argument, NULL, 'R'},
		{"administrators", required_argument, NULL, 'A'},
		{"members", required_argument, NULL, 'M'},
		{NULL, 0, NULL, '\0'}
		};

	while ((flag = getopt_long (argc, argv, "a:A:d:gM:rR", long_options, &option_index)) != -1) {
		switch (flag) {
		case 'a':	/* add a user */
			aflg = true;
			user = optarg;
			/* local, no need for xgetpwnam */
			if (getpwnam (user) == NULL) {
				fprintf (stderr,
				         _("%s: user '%s' does not exist\n"), Prog,
				         user);
				exit (1);
			}
			break;
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
		case 'A':	/* set the list of administrators */
			if (!is_shadowgrp) {
				fprintf (stderr,
				         _("%s: shadow group passwords required for -A\n"),
				         Prog);
				exit (2);
			}
			admins = optarg;
			if (!is_valid_user_list (admins)) {
				exit (1);
			}
			Aflg = true;
			break;
#endif				/* SHADOWGRP */
		case 'd':	/* delete a user */
			dflg = true;
			user = optarg;
			break;
		case 'g':	/* no-op from normal password */
			break;
		case 'M':	/* set the list of members */
			members = optarg;
			if (!is_valid_user_list (members)) {
				exit (1);
			}
			Mflg = true;
			break;
		case 'r':	/* remove group password */
			rflg = true;
			break;
		case 'R':	/* restrict group password */
			Rflg = true;
			break;
		default:
			usage ();
		}
	}

	/* Get the name of the group that is being affected. */
	group = argv[optind];

	check_flags (argc, optind);
}

/*
 * check_flags - check the validity of options
 */
static void check_flags (int argc, int opt_index)
{
	int exclusive = 0;
	/*
	 * Make sure exclusive flags are exclusive
	 */
	if (aflg) {
		exclusive++;
	}
	if (dflg) {
		exclusive++;
	}
	if (rflg) {
		exclusive++;
	}
	if (Rflg) {
		exclusive++;
	}
	if (Aflg || Mflg) {
		exclusive++;
	}
	if (exclusive > 1) {
		usage ();
	}

	/*
	 * Make sure one (and only one) group was provided
	 */
	if ((argc != (opt_index+1)) || (NULL == group)) {
		usage ();
	}
}

/*
 * open_files - lock and open the group databases
 *
 *	It will call exit in case of error.
 */
static void open_files (void)
{
	if (gr_lock () == 0) {
		fprintf (stderr,
		         _("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"),
		         Prog, gr_dbname ());
		exit (1);
	}
	add_cleanup (cleanup_unlock_group, NULL);

#ifdef SHADOWGRP
	if (is_shadowgrp) {
		if (sgr_lock () == 0) {
			fprintf (stderr,
			         _("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"),
			         Prog, sgr_dbname ());
			exit (1);
		}
		add_cleanup (cleanup_unlock_gshadow, NULL);
	}
#endif				/* SHADOWGRP */

	add_cleanup (log_gpasswd_failure_system, NULL);

	if (gr_open (O_RDWR) == 0) {
		fprintf (stderr,
		         _("%s: cannot open %s\n"),
		         Prog, gr_dbname ());
		SYSLOG ((LOG_WARN, "cannot open %s", gr_dbname ()));
		exit (1);
	}

#ifdef SHADOWGRP
	if (is_shadowgrp) {
		if (sgr_open (O_RDWR) == 0) {
			fprintf (stderr,
			         _("%s: cannot open %s\n"),
			         Prog, sgr_dbname ());
			SYSLOG ((LOG_WARN, "cannot open %s", sgr_dbname ()));
			exit (1);
		}
		add_cleanup (log_gpasswd_failure_gshadow, NULL);
	}
#endif				/* SHADOWGRP */

	add_cleanup (log_gpasswd_failure_group, NULL);
	del_cleanup (log_gpasswd_failure_system);
}

static void log_gpasswd_failure (const char *suffix)
{
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
	char buf[1024];
#endif
	if (aflg) {
		SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR,
		         "%s failed to add user %s to group %s%s",
		         myname, user, group, suffix));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
		snprintf (buf, 1023,
		          "%s failed to add user %s to group %s%s",
		          myname, user, group, suffix);
		buf[1023] = '\0';
		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_ACCT, Prog,
		              buf,
		              group, AUDIT_NO_ID,
		              SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
	} else if (dflg) {
		SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR,
		         "%s failed to remove user %s from group %s%s",
		         myname, user, group, suffix));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
		snprintf (buf, 1023,
		          "%s failed to remove user %s from group %s%s",
		          myname, user, group, suffix);
		buf[1023] = '\0';
		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_ACCT, Prog,
		              buf,
		              group, AUDIT_NO_ID,
		              SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
	} else if (rflg) {
		SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR,
		         "%s failed to remove password of group %s%s",
		         myname, group, suffix));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
		snprintf (buf, 1023,
		          "%s failed to remove password of group %s%s",
		          myname, group, suffix);
		buf[1023] = '\0';
		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
		              buf,
		              group, AUDIT_NO_ID,
		              SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
	} else if (Rflg) {
		SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR,
		         "%s failed to restrict access to group %s%s",
		         myname, group, suffix));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
		snprintf (buf, 1023,
		          "%s failed to restrict access to group %s%s",
		          myname, group, suffix);
		buf[1023] = '\0';
		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
		              buf,
		              group, AUDIT_NO_ID,
		              SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
	} else if (Aflg || Mflg) {
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
		if (Aflg) {
			SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR,
			         "%s failed to set the administrators of group %s to %s%s",
			         myname, group, admins, suffix));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
			snprintf (buf, 1023,
			          "%s failed to set the administrators of group %s to %s%s",
			          myname, group, admins, suffix);
			buf[1023] = '\0';
			audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_ACCT, Prog,
			              buf,
			              group, AUDIT_NO_ID,
			              SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
		}
#endif				/* SHADOWGRP */
		if (Mflg) {
			SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR,
			         "%s failed to set the members of group %s to %s%s",
			         myname, group, members, suffix));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
			snprintf (buf, 1023,
			          "%s failed to set the members of group %s to %s%s",
			          myname, group, members, suffix);
			buf[1023] = '\0';
			audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_ACCT, Prog,
			              buf,
			              group, AUDIT_NO_ID,
			              SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
		}
	} else {
		SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR,
		         "%s failed to change password of group %s%s",
		         myname, group, suffix));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
		snprintf (buf, 1023,
		          "%s failed to change password of group %s%s",
		          myname, group, suffix);
		buf[1023] = '\0';
		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
		              buf,
		              group, AUDIT_NO_ID,
		              SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
	}
}

static void log_gpasswd_failure_system (void *unused(arg))
{
	log_gpasswd_failure ("");
}

static void log_gpasswd_failure_group (void *unused(arg))
{
	char buf[1024];
	snprintf (buf, 1023, " in %s", gr_dbname ());
	buf[1023] = '\0';
	log_gpasswd_failure (buf);
}

#ifdef SHADOWGRP
static void log_gpasswd_failure_gshadow (void *unused(arg))
{
	char buf[1024];
	snprintf (buf, 1023, " in %s", sgr_dbname ());
	buf[1023] = '\0';
	log_gpasswd_failure (buf);
}
#endif				/* SHADOWGRP */

static void log_gpasswd_success (const char *suffix)
{
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
	char buf[1024];
#endif
	if (aflg) {
		SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
		         "user %s added by %s to group %s%s",
		         user, myname, group, suffix));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
		snprintf (buf, 1023,
		          "user %s added by %s to group %s%s",
		          user, myname, group, suffix);
		buf[1023] = '\0';
		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_ACCT, Prog,
		              buf,
		              group, AUDIT_NO_ID,
		              SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS);
#endif
	} else if (dflg) {
		SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
		         "user %s removed by %s from group %s%s",
		         user, myname, group, suffix));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
		snprintf (buf, 1023,
		          "user %s removed by %s from group %s%s",
		          user, myname, group, suffix);
		buf[1023] = '\0';
		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_ACCT, Prog,
		              buf,
		              group, AUDIT_NO_ID,
		              SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS);
#endif
	} else if (rflg) {
		SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
		         "password of group %s removed by %s%s",
		         group, myname, suffix));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
		snprintf (buf, 1023,
		          "password of group %s removed by %s%s",
		          group, myname, suffix);
		buf[1023] = '\0';
		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
		              buf,
		              group, AUDIT_NO_ID,
		              SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS);
#endif
	} else if (Rflg) {
		SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
		         "access to group %s restricted by %s%s",
		         group, myname, suffix));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
		snprintf (buf, 1023,
		          "access to group %s restricted by %s%s",
		          group, myname, suffix);
		buf[1023] = '\0';
		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
		              buf,
		              group, AUDIT_NO_ID,
		              SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS);
#endif
	} else if (Aflg || Mflg) {
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
		if (Aflg) {
			SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
			         "administrators of group %s set by %s to %s%s",
			         group, myname, admins, suffix));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
			snprintf (buf, 1023,
			          "administrators of group %s set by %s to %s%s",
			          group, myname, admins, suffix);
			buf[1023] = '\0';
			audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_ACCT, Prog,
			              buf,
			              group, AUDIT_NO_ID,
			              SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS);
#endif
		}
#endif				/* SHADOWGRP */
		if (Mflg) {
			SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
			         "members of group %s set by %s to %s%s",
			         group, myname, members, suffix));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
			snprintf (buf, 1023,
			          "members of group %s set by %s to %s%s",
			          group, myname, members, suffix);
			buf[1023] = '\0';
			audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_ACCT, Prog,
			              buf,
			              group, AUDIT_NO_ID,
			              SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS);
#endif
		}
	} else {
		SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
		         "password of group %s changed by %s%s",
		         group, myname, suffix));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
		snprintf (buf, 1023,
		          "password of group %s changed by %s%s",
		          group, myname, suffix);
		buf[1023] = '\0';
		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
		              buf,
		              group, AUDIT_NO_ID,
		              SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS);
#endif
	}
}

static void log_gpasswd_success_system (void *unused(arg))
{
	log_gpasswd_success ("");
}

static void log_gpasswd_success_group (void *unused(arg))
{
	char buf[1024];
	snprintf (buf, 1023, " in %s", gr_dbname ());
	buf[1023] = '\0';
	log_gpasswd_success (buf);
}

#ifdef SHADOWGRP
static void log_gpasswd_success_gshadow (void *unused(arg))
{
	char buf[1024];
	snprintf (buf, 1023, " in %s", sgr_dbname ());
	buf[1023] = '\0';
	log_gpasswd_success (buf);
}
#endif				/* SHADOWGRP */

/*
 * close_files - close and unlock the group databases
 *
 *	This cause any changes in the databases to be committed.
 *
 *	It will call exit in case of error.
 */
static void close_files (void)
{
	if (gr_close () == 0) {
		fprintf (stderr,
		         _("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"),
		         Prog, gr_dbname ());
		exit (1);
	}
	add_cleanup (log_gpasswd_success_group, NULL);
	del_cleanup (log_gpasswd_failure_group);

	cleanup_unlock_group (NULL);
	del_cleanup (cleanup_unlock_group);

#ifdef SHADOWGRP
	if (is_shadowgrp) {
		if (sgr_close () == 0) {
			fprintf (stderr,
			         _("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"),
			         Prog, sgr_dbname ());
			exit (1);
		}
		add_cleanup (log_gpasswd_success_gshadow, NULL);
		del_cleanup (log_gpasswd_failure_gshadow);

		cleanup_unlock_gshadow (NULL);
		del_cleanup (cleanup_unlock_gshadow);
	}
#endif				/* SHADOWGRP */

	log_gpasswd_success_system (NULL);
	del_cleanup (log_gpasswd_success_group);
	del_cleanup (log_gpasswd_success_gshadow);
}

/*
 * check_perms - check if the user is allowed to change the password of
 *               the specified group.
 *
 *	It only returns if the user is allowed.
 */
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
static void check_perms (const struct group *gr, const struct sgrp *sg)
#else
static void check_perms (const struct group *gr)
#endif
{
	/*
	 * Only root can use the -M and -A options.
	 */
	if (!amroot && (Aflg || Mflg)) {
		failure ();
	}

#ifdef SHADOWGRP
	if (is_shadowgrp) {
		/*
		 * The policy here for changing a group is that
		 * 1) you must be root or
		 * 2) you must be listed as an administrative member.
		 * Administrative members can do anything to a group that
		 * the root user can.
		 */
		if (!amroot && !is_on_list (sg->sg_adm, myname)) {
			failure ();
		}
	} else
#endif				/* SHADOWGRP */
	{
#ifdef FIRST_MEMBER_IS_ADMIN
		/*
		 * The policy here for changing a group is that
		 * 1) you must be root or
		 * 2) you must be the first listed member of the group.
		 * The first listed member of a group can do anything to
		 * that group that the root user can. The rationale for
		 * this hack is that the FIRST user is probably the most
		 * important user in this entire group.
		 *
		 * This feature enabled by default could be a security
		 * problem when installed on existing systems where the
		 * first group member might be just a normal user.
		 * --marekm
		 */
		if (!amroot) {
			if (gr->gr_mem[0] == (char *) 0) {
				failure ();
			}

			if (strcmp (gr->gr_mem[0], myname) != 0) {
				failure ();
			}
		}
#else				/* ! FIRST_MEMBER_IS_ADMIN */
		if (!amroot) {
			failure ();
		}
#endif
	}
}

/*
 * update_group - Update the group information in the databases
 */
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
static void update_group (struct group *gr, struct sgrp *sg)
#else
static void update_group (struct group *gr)
#endif
{
	if (gr_update (gr) == 0) {
		fprintf (stderr,
		         _("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"),
		         Prog, gr_dbname (), gr->gr_name);
		exit (1);
	}
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
	if (is_shadowgrp && (sgr_update (sg) == 0)) {
		fprintf (stderr,
		         _("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"),
		         Prog, sgr_dbname (), sg->sg_name);
		exit (1);
	}
#endif				/* SHADOWGRP */
}

/*
 * get_group - get the current information for the group
 *
 *	The information are copied in group structure(s) so that they can be
 *	modified later.
 *
 *	Note: If !is_shadowgrp, *sg will not be initialized.
 */
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
static void get_group (struct group *gr, struct sgrp *sg)
#else
static void get_group (struct group *gr)
#endif
{
	struct group const*tmpgr = NULL;
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
	struct sgrp const*tmpsg = NULL;
#endif

	if (gr_open (O_RDONLY) == 0) {
		fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot open %s\n"), Prog, gr_dbname ());
		SYSLOG ((LOG_WARN, "cannot open %s", gr_dbname ()));
		exit (1);
	}

	tmpgr = gr_locate (group);
	if (NULL == tmpgr) {
		fprintf (stderr,
		         _("%s: group '%s' does not exist in %s\n"),
		         Prog, group, gr_dbname ());
		exit (1);
	}

	*gr = *tmpgr;
	gr->gr_name = xstrdup (tmpgr->gr_name);
	gr->gr_passwd = xstrdup (tmpgr->gr_passwd);
	gr->gr_mem = dup_list (tmpgr->gr_mem);

	if (gr_close () == 0) {
		fprintf (stderr,
		         _("%s: failure while closing read-only %s\n"),
		         Prog, gr_dbname ());
		SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR,
		         "failure while closing read-only %s",
		         gr_dbname ()));
		exit (1);
	}

#ifdef SHADOWGRP
	if (is_shadowgrp) {
		if (sgr_open (O_RDONLY) == 0) {
			fprintf (stderr,
			         _("%s: cannot open %s\n"),
			         Prog, sgr_dbname ());
			SYSLOG ((LOG_WARN, "cannot open %s", sgr_dbname ()));
			exit (1);
		}
		tmpsg = sgr_locate (group);
		if (NULL != tmpsg) {
			*sg = *tmpsg;
			sg->sg_name = xstrdup (tmpsg->sg_name);
			sg->sg_passwd = xstrdup (tmpsg->sg_passwd);

			sg->sg_mem = dup_list (tmpsg->sg_mem);
			sg->sg_adm = dup_list (tmpsg->sg_adm);
		} else {
			sg->sg_name = xstrdup (group);
			sg->sg_passwd = gr->gr_passwd;
			gr->gr_passwd = SHADOW_PASSWD_STRING;	/* XXX warning: const */

			sg->sg_mem = dup_list (gr->gr_mem);

			sg->sg_adm = (char **) xmalloc (sizeof (char *) * 2);
#ifdef FIRST_MEMBER_IS_ADMIN
			if (sg->sg_mem[0]) {
				sg->sg_adm[0] = xstrdup (sg->sg_mem[0]);
				sg->sg_adm[1] = NULL;
			} else
#endif
			{
				sg->sg_adm[0] = NULL;
			}

		}
		if (sgr_close () == 0) {
			fprintf (stderr,
			         _("%s: failure while closing read-only %s\n"),
			         Prog, sgr_dbname ());
			SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR,
			         "failure while closing read-only %s",
			         sgr_dbname ()));
			exit (1);
		}
	}
#endif				/* SHADOWGRP */
}

/*
 * change_passwd - change the group's password
 *
 *	Get the new password from the user and update the password in the
 *	group's structure.
 *
 *	It will call exit in case of error.
 */
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
static void change_passwd (struct group *gr, struct sgrp *sg)
#else
static void change_passwd (struct group *gr)
#endif
{
	char *cp;
	static char pass[BUFSIZ];
	int retries;

	/*
	 * A new password is to be entered and it must be encrypted, etc.
	 * The password will be prompted for twice, and both entries must be
	 * identical. There is no need to validate the old password since
	 * the invoker is either the group owner, or root.
	 */
	printf (_("Changing the password for group %s\n"), group);

	for (retries = 0; retries < RETRIES; retries++) {
		cp = getpass (_("New Password: "));
		if (NULL == cp) {
			exit (1);
		}

		STRFCPY (pass, cp);
		strzero (cp);
		cp = getpass (_("Re-enter new password: "));
		if (NULL == cp) {
			exit (1);
		}

		if (strcmp (pass, cp) == 0) {
			strzero (cp);
			break;
		}

		strzero (cp);
		memzero (pass, sizeof pass);

		if (retries + 1 < RETRIES) {
			puts (_("They don't match; try again"));
		}
	}

	if (retries == RETRIES) {
		fprintf (stderr, _("%s: Try again later\n"), Prog);
		exit (1);
	}

	cp = pw_encrypt (pass, crypt_make_salt (NULL, NULL));
	memzero (pass, sizeof pass);
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
	if (is_shadowgrp) {
		sg->sg_passwd = cp;
	} else
#endif
	{
		gr->gr_passwd = cp;
	}
}

/*
 * gpasswd - administer the /etc/group file
 *
 *	-a user		add user to the named group
 *	-d user		remove user from the named group
 *	-r		remove password from the named group
 *	-R		restrict access to the named group
 *	-A user,...	make list of users the administrative users
 *	-M user,...	make list of users the group members
 */
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
	struct group grent;
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
	struct sgrp sgent;
#endif
	struct passwd *pw = NULL;

#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
	audit_help_open ();
#endif

	sanitize_env ();
	(void) setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
	(void) bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
	(void) textdomain (PACKAGE);

	/*
	 * Make a note of whether or not this command was invoked by root.
	 * This will be used to bypass certain checks later on. Also, set
	 * the real user ID to match the effective user ID. This will
	 * prevent the invoker from issuing signals which would interfere
	 * with this command.
	 */
	bywho = getuid ();
	Prog = Basename (argv[0]);

	OPENLOG ("gpasswd");
	setbuf (stdout, NULL);
	setbuf (stderr, NULL);

#ifdef SHADOWGRP
	is_shadowgrp = sgr_file_present ();
#endif

	/*
	 * Determine the name of the user that invoked this command. This
	 * is really hit or miss because there are so many ways that command
	 * can be executed and so many ways to trip up the routines that
	 * report the user name.
	 */
	pw = get_my_pwent ();
	if (NULL == pw) {
		fprintf (stderr, _("%s: Cannot determine your user name.\n"),
		         Prog);
		SYSLOG ((LOG_WARN,
		         "Cannot determine the user name of the caller (UID %lu)",
		         (unsigned long) getuid ()));
		exit (1);
	}
	myname = xstrdup (pw->pw_name);

	/*
	 * Register an exit function to warn for any inconsistency that we
	 * could create.
	 */
	if (atexit (do_cleanups) != 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot set exit function\n", Prog);
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	/* Parse the options */
	process_flags (argc, argv);

	/*
	 * Replicate the group so it can be modified later on.
	 */
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
	get_group (&grent, &sgent);
#else
	get_group (&grent);
#endif

	/*
	 * Check if the user is allowed to change the password of this group.
	 */
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
	check_perms (&grent, &sgent);
#else
	check_perms (&grent);
#endif

	/*
	 * Removing a password is straight forward. Just set the password
	 * field to a "".
	 */
	if (rflg) {
		grent.gr_passwd = "";	/* XXX warning: const */
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
		sgent.sg_passwd = "";	/* XXX warning: const */
#endif
		goto output;
	} else if (Rflg) {
		/*
		 * Same thing for restricting the group. Set the password
		 * field to "!".
		 */
		grent.gr_passwd = "!";	/* XXX warning: const */
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
		sgent.sg_passwd = "!";	/* XXX warning: const */
#endif
		goto output;
	}

	/*
	 * Adding a member to a member list is pretty straightforward as
	 * well. Call the appropriate routine and split.
	 */
	if (aflg) {
		printf (_("Adding user %s to group %s\n"), user, group);
		grent.gr_mem = add_list (grent.gr_mem, user);
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
		if (is_shadowgrp) {
			sgent.sg_mem = add_list (sgent.sg_mem, user);
		}
#endif
		goto output;
	}

	/*
	 * Removing a member from the member list is the same deal as adding
	 * one, except the routine is different.
	 */
	if (dflg) {
		bool removed = false;

		printf (_("Removing user %s from group %s\n"), user, group);

		if (is_on_list (grent.gr_mem, user)) {
			removed = true;
			grent.gr_mem = del_list (grent.gr_mem, user);
		}
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
		if (is_shadowgrp) {
			if (is_on_list (sgent.sg_mem, user)) {
				removed = true;
				sgent.sg_mem = del_list (sgent.sg_mem, user);
			}
		}
#endif
		if (!removed) {
			fprintf (stderr,
			         _("%s: user '%s' is not a member of '%s'\n"),
			         Prog, user, group);
			exit (1);
		}
		goto output;
	}
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
	/*
	 * Replacing the entire list of administrators is simple. Check the
	 * list to make sure everyone is a real user. Then slap the new list
	 * in place.
	 */
	if (Aflg) {
		sgent.sg_adm = comma_to_list (admins);
		if (!Mflg) {
			goto output;
		}
	}
#endif				/* SHADOWGRP */

	/*
	 * Replacing the entire list of members is simple. Check the list to
	 * make sure everyone is a real user. Then slap the new list in
	 * place.
	 */
	if (Mflg) {
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
		sgent.sg_mem = comma_to_list (members);
#endif
		grent.gr_mem = comma_to_list (members);
		goto output;
	}

	/*
	 * If the password is being changed, the input and output must both
	 * be a tty. The typical keyboard signals are caught so the termio
	 * modes can be restored.
	 */
	if ((isatty (0) == 0) || (isatty (1) == 0)) {
		fprintf (stderr, _("%s: Not a tty\n"), Prog);
		exit (1);
	}

	catch_signals (0);	/* save tty modes */

	(void) signal (SIGHUP, catch_signals);
	(void) signal (SIGINT, catch_signals);
	(void) signal (SIGQUIT, catch_signals);
	(void) signal (SIGTERM, catch_signals);
#ifdef SIGTSTP
	(void) signal (SIGTSTP, catch_signals);
#endif

	/* Prompt for the new password */
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
	change_passwd (&grent, &sgent);
#else
	change_passwd (&grent);
#endif

	/*
	 * This is the common arrival point to output the new group file.
	 * The freshly crafted entry is in allocated space. The group file
	 * will be locked and opened for writing. The new entry will be
	 * output, etc.
	 */
      output:
	if (setuid (0) != 0) {
		fputs (_("Cannot change ID to root.\n"), stderr);
		SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "can't setuid(0)"));
		closelog ();
		exit (1);
	}
	pwd_init ();

	open_files ();

#ifdef SHADOWGRP
	update_group (&grent, &sgent);
#else
	update_group (&grent);
#endif

	close_files ();

	nscd_flush_cache ("group");

	exit (E_SUCCESS);
}